RU2265993C2 - Method for training of grape bushes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, grape bush training method.

SUBSTANCE: method involves planting grape bushes; setting support; cutting and forming bushes and fruit-bearing zone; attaching bushes to support. Bushes are formed with one or two zigzag-shaped cordon arms on two parallel wires of bi-planed trellis by attaching cordon arms in zigzag and alternating manner to upper wire and to lower wire in bending portions. Fruit-bearing parts are positioned at bending portions of cordon arms.

EFFECT: increased resistance of plants to stress factors of habitat, increased yield and improved quality of berries, prolonged life of bushes and widened crown space.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture, and can be used in the cultivation of grapes in all areas of viticulture.

A known method of maintaining grape bushes (A. S. Merzhanian. Viticulture. M., "Spike". 1967. - P.336. - Fig. 160). The method includes planting plants, the formation of a two-sided multi-stemmed cordon with several fruit units arranged evenly along the row axis in two tiers.

The disadvantage of this method is that it provides for the creation of multi-stem bushes with vertical management of growth. This not only leads to an increase in the costs of caring for the bushes (pruning, gartering of vines and shoots, combating diseases and pests, etc.), but also leads to a decrease in productivity due to excessive thickening of vines and shoots in the crown of the bushes. The multiplicity of the bush leads to a sharp manifestation of competition in the development of the sleeves (trunks), and therefore, the need for their frequent rejuvenation.

There is also known a method of maintaining a grape bush with two-tier placement of vines with a single-stemmed bush form “Cordon of Silvoz” (A.S. Merzhanian. Viticulture. M., Kolos. 1967. - P.208. - Fig. 133). The method involves planting bushes, forming a single-stem bush with two-tier placement of vines on a multi-tier vertical trellis.

The disadvantage of this method is that the long pruning of the vines used in this method and their sharp bending with a passive position causes a violation of not only the normal structure and sap flow in the bast of the vine, but also greatly weakens the growth of shoots after the bend. This leads to a general weakening of the growth force of the bushes, and, consequently, to a decrease in their productivity.

There is also a method of maintaining grape bushes ("Spiral cordon" Egorov EA, Serpukhovitina K.A. and other Sustainable grape production. Status and development paths. Krasnodar. 2002. - P.67. - Fig.5.2.) ( prototype), including planting plants, installing a support, cutting and forming bushes and fruiting zones, attaching bushes to the support.

The disadvantages of this method is that the shoulders of the cordon with fruit links, formed on a single-tier trellis by wrapping them around the helix of the trellis wire with overlapping shoulders of adjacent bushes, grow into the trellis wire, which creates great difficulties when repairing the trellis (tensioning the wire or the need to replace or rejuvenate it cordon shoulder, etc.). In addition, the narrowed crown space of the bush on a single-tier trellis limits the possibility of increasing the load of the bushes by shoots and crops, leads to excessive thickening of shoots in the crown of the bushes, and to a decrease in the productivity of photosynthesis of the leaf apparatus.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the resistance of plants to stress factors of the growth environment, yield and quality of berries and longevity of the bushes. In addition, the method provides universalization of the reference system, i.e. the possibility of applying it in non-hiding and semi-hiding winegrowing in root and grafted vineyards.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of maintaining grape bushes, including planting plants, installing support, pruning and forming bushes and fruiting zones, attaching bushes to the support; the bushes are formed with one or two zigzag shoulders of the cordon on two parallel wires of a two-tier trellis, attaching the shoulders of the cordon in a zigzag (alternately) path to the upper or lower wire at the bending points, and fruit links (horns and annual knots) are placed on the bends of the cordon shoulders.

New is the proposed structure for the formation and maintenance of grape bushes.

It is significant in the proposed technical solution that in this method the cordon shoulders are formed in a zigzag pattern on a 2-tier trellis, attaching them to the upper or lower wire in the places of bending. Fruit links (horns and annual knots) are placed on the bends of the cordon’s shoulders and are not attached to the support.

The implementation of the claimed method is illustrated in figures 1-5.

Figure 1-5 schematically shows the formation of bushes by the proposed method:

1 - grape bush;

2 - a knot;

3 - shoot intended for the formation of a bush;

4 - support (individual stake);

5 - trellis wire;

6 - trellis;

7 - stepson shoots for the formation of the cordon shoulders;

8 - garter material;

9 - the shoulders of the cordon;

10 - fruiting zone;

11 - substitution knot;

12 - fruit bearing arrow.

The method is as follows. The vineyard is laid with aisles of 3-4 meters. In a row, bushes are planted with distances between them of 1-2-2.5 m.

In the year of planting, all conditions are created for the good development of the root system and the leaf apparatus. In the second growing season (Fig. 1), one knot (2) is left on the bush (1), cutting it into 2 eyes. After the development of shoots on the bush (Fig. 2), only one successfully located shoot (3) is left, which, as it grows, is tied to an individual stake (4). When the shoot reaches the upper wire (5), the trellis (6) pinch it under the upper wire. The stepson shoots that developed after this operation are removed, with the exception of the two highest (7), which freely develop until the end of the growing season.

In the spring of the third year (Fig. 3), stepson shoots (7) (Fig. 2) are cut to the entire ripened length. Then they are tied in opposite directions in a zigzag fashion (Fig. 3) from the upper to the lower, then the upper and again to the lower wire, i.e. make 2-4 bends on each side, attaching them to the wires (5) in places of bending with garter material (8). After the development of shoots, the developed shoots on the bends pinch over 3-4 knots. All other shoots are removed. If necessary, lengthen the cordon shoulders at the ends of the vines leave one shoot.

In the spring of the fourth year (figure 4), the bushes are pruned. From the developed shoots on the bends of the cordons shoulders form fruit links (10). The lower vine is cut to a knot of substitution (11) with 2-3 eyes, and the upper one to the fruiting arrow (12), cutting it to the required length in accordance with biological characteristics.

In the fifth vegetation (Fig. 5) and subsequent years, the fundamental nature of pruning does not change, i.e. fruit links are placed on the bends of the cordon's shoulders.

Placing the cordon’s shoulders in a zigzag pattern on two tiers of trellis increases the resistance of the bushes to wind loads, increases the crown space of the bushes provided for placing vines, shoots and leaf apparatus, increases the load of bushes with eyes, shoots and crops, improves the radiation regime of the vineyard and the productivity of photosynthesis of the leaf apparatus, the influx of nutrients to the horns and all indicators of fruitfulness and yield of plants.

The proposed method allows to increase the yield and quality of berries, in a wide range to maneuver the magnitude of the plant load by shoots and crops, to increase labor productivity and plant resistance to stressful situations.

Claims (1)

A method of maintaining grape bushes, including planting plants, installing a support, pruning and forming bushes and fruiting zones, attaching bushes to a support, characterized in that the bushes are formed with one or two zigzag shoulders of the cordon on two parallel wires of the two-tier trellis, attaching the shoulders of the cordon in a zigzag and alternately either to the upper or to the lower wire in the places of bending, and the fruit links are placed on the bends of the cordon’s shoulders.

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