RU2264946C2 - Wheeled vehicle with hydraulic drive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulic transmissions of bicycles with pump and motors of different tires. Hydraulic motor is made in form of rotor hydraulic motor 1. Hydraulic main line has pressure part 2 and suction part 3 with piston pump 4 placed in between. Piston 5 is provided with bypass hole and mushroom head valve 10 to overlap said hole. Mushroom-head valve 10 is coupled with rod 6 of drive and is placed in chamber 11 formed by L-shaped ribs 9. Horizontal parts of ribs 9 are connected with rear part of piston 5. Guides in form of holes 7, 8 for movement of rod 6 are formed in intersection of vertical parts of ribs 9 and in end face cover of pump. At working stroke to the left, mushroom-head valve 10 seats on saddle 12 of piston 5 which provides simultaneous getting of liquid along suction part 3 of hydraulic main line. At reverse idle stroke to the right, rod 6 pulls mushroom-head valve 10 from saddle to provide flow of liquid from suction space of pump 4 into delivery space.

EFFECT: provision of constant direction of motion of liquid for bringing to minimum power losses.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for driving wheeled vehicles with the muscular strength of a person using a hydraulic actuator and can be used, for example, in bicycles.

Known piston pumps with a muscular drive containing a piston with a rod installed in the cylinder and dividing it into a piston and rod cavities, in which liquid is sucked through the suction valve during the piston to suction, and pumping through the discharge valve during the piston for discharge [ 12].

The disadvantage of these pumps with a muscular drive is their low productivity due to the fact that the area of their piston and, consequently, the performance is much larger than the valve cross-section (suction and discharge), which is unimportant for a pump designed to fill the tank, but is of great importance for the pump integrated in the hydraulic drive system.

Also known is a light wheeled vehicle with a hydraulic drive, which is driven by human muscular power, containing two liquid plunger pumps driven by cams connected to a lever-pedal mechanism [3]. The fluid displaced by the plungers through flexible pipelines is directed to the hydraulic cylinders, which act as hydraulic motors, since their rods are connected to an asterisk, which, through a chain transmission, drives the sprocket of the drive wheel (propulsion) of the vehicle. In this design, the diameter of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder is obviously 1.2-1.5 times larger than the diameter of the plunger of the hydraulic pump, that is, the capacity of the pump is less than the capacity of the engine. This circumstance allows you to optimize the hydraulic system at the time of the stroke (when you press the pedal on one side), however, when idling, free flow of fluid from the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder into the cavity of the plunger pump will be difficult and for this it will be necessary to apply more force to the second pedal so that speed up this process.

That is, the disadvantage of this design is the presence of a hydraulic drive system consisting of a reciprocating pump and an engine (in this case, two for each leg), which causes the application of additional human efforts to return fluid from the hydraulic cylinder (engine) to the hydraulic pump, and, in addition, the presence of an additional chain drive in the drive also causes power loss.

The objective of the invention is to minimize power losses in the hydraulic drive so that as a result use the muscular power to drive the vehicle to the maximum.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that in the hydraulic drive circuit, and more precisely, in the hydraulic pump that drives the drive wheel of the vehicle directly, the direction of fluid motion does not change, since a rotary hydraulic motor of a known design is used as a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic pump is made of a piston. The piston of the pump is equipped with a fungal valve, which allows to disconnect the pressure and suction cavities of the pump during the stroke of the piston and, when idling (reverse), to connect, and the diameters, and therefore the areas of the piston and valve bypass are commensurate and are in the ratio D / d from 1 , 1 to 2, where D is the diameter of the piston, ad is the diameter of the valve seat.

Figure 1 presents the proposed hydraulic actuator with a longitudinal section of the hydraulic pump at the time of the stroke, figure 2 is a transverse section aa of the hydraulic pump, figure 3 is a hydraulic actuator with a longitudinal section of the hydraulic pump at the time of idle (reverse) stroke.

A wheeled vehicle, for example, a bicycle, contains a drive wheel (conventionally shown conventionally), equipped with a hydraulic motor 1, which is connected by a pressure line 2 and a drain line 3 to a hydraulic pump 4. The hydraulic pump 4 has a piston 5, which moves reciprocally inside the pump casing 4 under the influence of muscular force on the rod 6. The rod 6 has the ability to reciprocate in the guides formed by the hole 7 in the end cover of the pump 4 and the hole 8 located in the cylindrical body on the cross-section of the vertical parts of the L-shaped ribs 9, the horizontal parts of which are connected to the piston 5. The stem 6 is equipped with a fungal valve 10, which using the rod 6 can move inside the chamber 11 along the guides formed by the horizontal parts of the L-shaped ribs 9. Reciprocating movement of the fungal valve 10 with the stem 6 is bounded on the piston side by a seat 12 formed by a through-hole in the piston 5, and on the opposite side by the vertical parts of the ribs 9. The diameters of the piston and valve by-pass they are comparable and are in the D / d ratio from 1.1 to 2, which increases the valve capacity with idle (reverse) piston stroke.

The proposed hydraulic drive wheeled vehicle operates as follows.

Each cycle of the hydraulic drive consists of a pumping stroke (stroke) and a stroke of idling.

Working move. When applying force to the stem 6 in the direction of the stroke (pumping fluid into the hydraulic motor), the fungal valve 10 sits on the seat 12 of the piston 5, preventing the fluid from escaping from the pressure cavity. When moving the rod 6 further (in FIGS. 1, 3 to the left), the piston 5 displaces the liquid from the pressure cavity of the pump 4 to the pressure line 2 and then to the hydraulic motor 1, bringing it into rotation. After completing work, the liquid under the influence of rarefaction in the suction line 3 enters the suction cavity of the pump 4. After the piston 5 has reached the left end cover of the pump, having made a stroke, the liquid, passing through the hydraulic motor 1, is concentrated in the suction cavity of the pump 4 (to the right of piston 5).

Idling. Moving to the right, the rod 6 pulls the fungal valve 10 from the seat 12 of the piston 5, since the area of the back of the valve 10 is less than the total area of the back of the piston 5 and valve 10. The bypass hole of the piston 5 is opened and the fluid begins to flow from the suction cavity of the pump 4 into the pressure. When the back of the valve 10 abuts against the vertical parts of the ribs 9 and with the further movement of the stem 6 to the right, the piston 5 moves to the right and the fluid flows from the suction into the pressure chamber of the pump 4. After the vertical parts of the ribs 9 abut against the right end cover of the pump 4, one cycle of the hydraulic drive of the vehicle is completed.

The next cycle begins with the application of muscle force to the stem 6 and its movement to the left to start the cycle of pumping fluid from the pressure cavity of the pump 4 along the pressure line 2 into the hydraulic motor 1.

The drive of a wheeled vehicle can have two hydraulic drives, and both hydraulic motors can be on the drive wheel and work in antiphase, that is, while one has a working stroke, the other has idle, as well as hydraulic pumps.

The use of such a hydraulic drive is preferably on a single-track two-wheeled vehicle driven by muscle energy according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2036117 of 11/13/91, prototypes of which with the proposed hydraulic drive were manufactured at the enterprises of Yaroslavl and are now being tested.

Sources of information

1. USSR Author's Certificate No. 872787, MKI 3 F 04 B 9/14, publ. 10/15/81.

2. USSR Author's Certificate No. 1613675, MKI F 04 B 9/14, publ. 12/15/90.

3. RF patent No. 2095271, IPC B 62 M 19/00, publ. 11/10/97.

Claims (2)

1. A wheeled vehicle with a hydraulic drive, comprising at least one hydraulic motor for driving the drive wheel, connected by a hydraulic line to at least one hydraulic pump, characterized in that the hydraulic motor is made in the form of a rotary hydraulic motor, the hydraulic line has a pressure and a suction part, between which is located a piston pump having a piston with a bypass hole, equipped with a fungal valve for closing the bypass hole, connected with the actuator stem and placed in the chamber, azovannoy T-shaped ribs, the horizontal portion being connected with the back side of the piston, and in the intersection of the vertical edges and parts of the end cap are formed by a pump to move the guide rod. 2. A wheeled vehicle with a hydraulic drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the diameter of the pump piston to the diameter of the valve bypass hole is in the range of 1.1-2.

Images