RU2264083C2 - Method for selecting of winter barley sorts resistant to medium abiotic factors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, selection of cereal crops.

SUBSTANCE: method involves sowing barley seeds; providing stress situation; determining crop yield and separating forms with relatively increased stress situation value; creating stress situation for plants by treating with reglon during phase before ear formation time and up to time of emergence of awn from leaf sheath with aqueous solution being discharged at the rate of 1.5-2.0 l/hectare.

EFFECT: reduced labor intensity, increased selection yield in determining of sorts of barley resistant to medium abiotic factors.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to plant breeding and the physiological basis for the stability of crops of cereal crops, and can be used in the selection of these crops for environmental plasticity.

The characteristic of the analogue.

In wheat breeding, a method is known for establishing ecological plasticity of plants, which involves the removal of assimilating leaves by treating plants in the phase of completion of the release of an aqueous solution of raglon in a dose of 1.0-1.5 l / ha At the same time, a similar reaction is observed by the weight of the grain from the ear during both mechanical removal of leaves and chemical treatment with Reglon (1). However, spike productivity is an indirect indicator of both yield and ductility of varieties. Mechanical removal of leaves is always a stress factor and cannot correspond to the complex of conditions that occurs during the late, second term of sowing.

Description of the prototype.

The closest technical solution to establish the environmental plasticity of barley varieties is a method that provides for the sowing of competitive variety testing in two terms - the first, optimal, as the physiological ripeness of the soil occurs, and the second, late, i.e. 10-12 days after the first, in order to achieve the conditions. This method allows you to establish varietal differences on adverse abiotic environmental factors in the late period of sowing according to the degree of decrease in yield relative to the optimal, first sowing period (2).

Criticism of the prototype.

However, the known method has the following disadvantages. A decrease in yield with a late sowing period is not observed every year; moreover, with this sowing period, the relative error of the experiment increases and is especially significant in dry years (2, 3). The method is time-consuming, as it provides for re-sowing of competitive variety testing, which requires additional labor and material costs.

The main objective of the invention is to reduce the complexity and increase the effectiveness of selection when establishing stable varieties of barley to abiotic environmental factors.

The task is achieved in that the late sowing period is replaced by treating the plants with a shedding plant carried out on the crops of the optimum sowing period in the pre-mowing phase (the beginning of the release of the awns from the leaf sheath) with an aqueous solution in a dose of 1.5-2.0 l / ha.

The experiment was conducted in the sector of selection and seed production of field crops of the Moscow Agricultural Academy, on the plots of competitive varietal testing of spring barley, at the end of which a plot of 1 m ^{2 was} beaten and processed with a shed.

The results of the experiment are presented in table 1.

From the table it follows:

1. Under favorable weather conditions (this can be seen in the development of plants at the time of pre-mowing), it is better to use a reglon in a dose of 2.0 l / ha than 1.5 l / ha, since a more contrasting effect is obtained, expressed in a decrease in yield to the first sowing term - 76.9%.

2. The relationship between the yield of the 2nd term and the option with the reglon at a dose of 1.5 l / ha - 0.73 ** at a dose of 2.0 l / ha - 0.73 **, ie same.

In addition, according to a number of observations of a search character, it was found that a dose of less than 1.5 l / ha is insufficient for the manifestation of the effect, and a dose above 2 l / ha can be detailed in dry years.

The relationship between barley yield, depending on the timing of sowing and the treatment of plants with Reglon, is presented in table 2.

table 2
Barley yield, depending on the timing of sowing and treatment of plants with Reglon Productivity * Average for 1984-1989 Productivity Average for 2001-2002 Option 1984 year 1985 1986 year 1987 year 1988 year 1989 year 2001 year 2002 year Control (optimal sowing time) 45.6 48.9 32.8 60.7 30.7 35.6 42,4 19.9 22.4 21.1 Late sowing

Treatment with Reglon at a dose of 2 l / ha

The correlation coefficient between the 2nd sowing period and the option - reglon 2 l / ha 0.83 ** 0.72 * 0.87 ** 0.16 0.83 ** 0.74 * 0.97 ** 0.81 ** 0.62 * 0.86 ** * Note numerator, kg / ha; denominator -% of control.

1. Barley yield at a late sowing season relative to yield at an optimal sowing period ranged from 48.3 to 105.0% for years; in a variant, a reglon of 2.0 l / ha, from 40.0 to 83.9%.

2. The correlation coefficients between productivity at a late sowing period and after treatment with the sowing season, both in years and on average over the years of observation, were positive, high and significant. Based on this, the effect achieved when processing plants with Reglon at a dose of 2.0 l / ha at the first sowing period is similar to that obtained at the second sowing period.

Sources of information

1 A.S. USSR No. 1551294 A1.

2 Mikhkelman V.A. Evaluation of barley varieties in competitive variety testing with two sowing periods. - M. Publ. ICCA, Izvestia TSHA, No. 2, 1997, pp. 59-73.

3.Mikhkelman V.A., Skornyakov N.N. Barley yield and its relationship with the main indicators of the structure of the crop in various parts of the breeding process. -M. Ed. ICCA, Izvestiya TSKHA N2, 1998, pp. 90-105.

Claims (1)

A method of selecting varieties of spring barley resistant to abiotic environmental factors, including sowing barley, creating a stressful situation with subsequent determination of yield and isolating forms with its relatively high value, characterized in that the stressful situation for plants is created by treatment with a shed carried out in the predisposition phase (beginning the exit of the awns from the leaf sheaths) with an aqueous solution in a dose of 1.5-2.0 l / ha.