RU2262653C1 - Method of stripping ammunition and unit for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: stripping ammunition; extraction of explosives from ammunition cases.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method of stripping ammunition includes delivery of granules of dry ice to charge surface; central and peripheral flows of dry ice are delivered at simultaneous action of cutting tools; peripheral flow of granules is delivered through annular nozzle. Ammunition stripping unit has device for proportioning and delivery of dry ice granules and nozzle assembly with housing and insert secured in housing by means of suspensions pressed to housing by means of retainer; annular nozzle is formed by housing, insert and retainer.

EFFECT: increased productivity of stripping process; extended nomenclature of ammunition; possibility of reuse of explosive.

7 cl, 5 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of ordnance unloading (ammunition) and is intended to extract explosive charges (explosives) from the shells of ammunition, followed by processing into industrial explosives.

A known method of grinding fire and explosion hazard materials (PVOM) (RF patent No. 2194945, F 42 B 33/06, 2001). The method consists in the fact that the surface of the charge at an angle of 30-60 ° is exposed to a stream of a mixture of air and granules of carbon dioxide (dry ice) pressed to a density of 1.4 g / cm ³ flowing out of the accelerating nozzle at a speed of more than 300 m / s, moreover, the accelerating nozzles are moved parallel to the surface of the charge as grinding PVOM crumb.

This method is carried out in a device known from the same patent, comprising a charge rotation drive, an injection device, a supply pipe, at the end of which an accelerating nozzle is installed with the possibility of vertical and horizontal movement from the drives, a tray for collecting crushed chips.

The disadvantage of this method and installation is the impossibility of extracting the explosive charge from the PSU, the diameter of the neck of the casing of which is much smaller than the caliber of the PSU, and the impossibility of extracting the explosive charge from the PSU housings that do not have a central channel, due to the design of the accelerating nozzle.

A known method for the unloading of ammunition according to patent DE No. 4010757 C1, F 42 D 5/04, F 42 B 33/00, 04/04/1990, in which at the same time the central and peripheral streams of water are fed to the explosive charge surface of the explosive and acted upon by a cutting tool.

The disadvantage of this method is that under high pressure the water is heated above 45 degrees, which is unacceptable when unloading PSUs, whose bodies are filled with aluminized hexogen-containing explosives. In addition, the cutting tool creates a large specific pressure on the explosive, which leads to an increase in the explosive temperature above the permissible norm.

As a prototype, the method of PSU demilitarization is considered (RF patent No. 2142420, F 42 В 33/00, 1999), which consists in the fact that an aqueous aerosol stream and cured carbon dioxide granules obtained by mixing air flow and cooled carbon dioxide are fed to the end surface of explosives .

The same patent describes the device closest to the claimed.

The known device comprises a chamber for mixing liquid and granules, a container with a liquid, an air blower, a cooling chamber, a Laval nozzle, a diffuser, a container with liquid carbon dioxide, a supercharger.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the need to prepare a working fluid - cured granules of carbon dioxide and the impossibility of demarcating BP filled with explosive charges, the density of which is more than 1.45 g / cm ³ , since the flow rate is insufficient to destroy the charge with such a density.

The main task to be solved by the claimed method and installation of demilitarization of BP using dry ice granules as an abrasive is to increase productivity, extract explosives with the possibility of its subsequent processing into industrial explosives, as well as expand the range of utilized BPs, including artillery ones, where the neck of the case is several times smaller than the inner diameter, and the explosive charge density, especially of the central pillar, is more than 1.45 g / cm ³ .

The single technical result achieved from the implementation of the inventive method and device will be expressed in a reduction in energy consumption for the process of extracting explosives from a PSU charge and the stability and safety of the extraction process.

The specified technical result is achieved by simultaneously supplying the central and peripheral flows of dry ice granules or simultaneously supplying the central and peripheral flows of dry ice granules and act with a cutting tool, while the peripheral flow of dry ice granules is fed through an annular nozzle, which is formed by a housing, insert and retainer and the central flow of dry ice granules is fed through two diametrically located grooves, which are made in the liner. The flow of dry ice granules to the annular nozzle is fed through the accelerating section of the hollow rod, the cross-sectional area of which is equal to the cross-sectional area of the annular nozzle. Under this condition, the speed and pressure of the flow of dry ice granules remains constant.

In addition, the flow of granules is fed through an annular nozzle made with a variable taper angle α equal to 10-20 degrees, and β equal to 30-45 degrees, which allows to increase the range of expansion of dry ice granules.

When the density of the destructible explosive charge is higher than 1.45 g / cm ³ , it is additionally affected by a cutting tool, which allows the explosive charge to be completely destroyed.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the known installation for demarcating BP, including a device for dispensing and feeding dry ice granules and a nozzle block, according to the invention, the nozzle block has a housing, an insert, fixed in the housing by means of suspensions, pressed against the housing by a retainer, in this case, an annular nozzle is formed by means of a housing, an insert and a latch. The latch, in addition, is equipped at the end facing the extractable explosive with cutting edges and at least two longitudinal grooves for outputting the extracted product, and a conical cutting edge facing the explosive charge and two diametrically located grooves are made on the insert.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 shows a General view of the installation;

figure 2 - the location of the elements of the nozzle unit;

figure 3 - the location of the elements in the design of the retainer and liner - grooves and cutting edges;

figure 4 is a cross section of the nozzle formed by the liner and the housing;

figure 5 shows the output of the Central and peripheral flow of granules of dry ice.

When the explosive charge density is less than 1.45 g / cm ^{3 the} method is as follows.

From the dispensing and feeding device, dry ice granules enter through the hollow rod with an accelerating section to the nozzle block in which the annular nozzle is formed, at the same time, the peripheral and central flows of dry ice granules are fed to the explosive charge surface, while the peripheral flow of dry ice granules is fed through the annular nozzle and the central flow through two diametrically located grooves of the liner.

The annular nozzle is made with a constant cross-sectional area along the entire length, which allows to increase the specific load of the flow of granules of dry ice on the surface of the explosive charge.

When the explosive charge density is more than 1.45 g / cm ^{3 the} method is as follows.

From the dosing and feeding device, dry ice granules are fed through a hollow rod with an accelerating section to the nozzle block in which an annular nozzle is formed, and the peripheral and central flows of dry ice granules are simultaneously fed to the explosive charge surface and acted upon by a cutting tool, while the peripheral flow of dry granules ice is fed through an annular nozzle, and a centrifugal flow through two diametrically located grooves of the liner.

As the cutting tool, the cutting edges of the end face of the retainer and the conical surface of the nozzle block insert are used.

The extracted explosive through the grooves of the retainer of the nozzle block enters the chamber for receiving the extracted explosive.

Installation for demarcation PSU includes a frame 1 (Fig. 1), on which a PSU mount unit 2, a drive 3 for its rotation, an axial displacement actuator 4 for a hollow rod 5, a receiving chamber 6, inside which a winding 7 and a temperature sensor 8 are installed, are mounted, which connected to the control system 9.

At the end of the hollow rod 5, a nozzle block 10 is located, consisting of a liner 11 (Fig. 2) with a conical surface 12, the angle at the apex of which is 90-120 degrees and faces with its apex in the direction of the extractable explosive. The insert 11 is fixed in the housing 13 of the nozzle block 10 using prismatic suspensions 14 installed in the grooves of the housing 13 and pressed against the housing using the latch 15. The end surface of the latch 15 facing the product to be removed has cutting edges 16 (Fig. 3). The flow of dry ice granules enters the explosive charge through an annular nozzle 17 (FIG. 2) formed by a housing 13, a liner 11 and a retainer 15. The annular nozzle 17 is made with a variable taper angle α equal to 10-20 degrees, and β equal to 30 -45 degrees. The hollow rod 5 is made with a booster section 18, which serves to acquire a flow of dry ice granules of laminar flow and to increase their speed of movement. To exit the extracted explosive from under the nozzle block on the end surface 16 of the latch 15, there are at least two longitudinal grooves 19 (figure 3). For example, in the presence of two grooves with an angle γ equal to 20-40 degrees, the angle γ _{1 of the} cutting surface 16 of the retainer 15 will be equal to 180 degrees minus γ. A chamber 6 for receiving the extracted explosive is connected by a pipe 20 to a collection and filtration device 21 made in the form of a centrifugal precipitator with an integrated filter and connected by a pipe 22 to a vacuum pump 23. The hollow rod 5 is connected by a flexible pipe 24 to a device for dispensing and feeding dry ice granules 25 . In the insert 11 there are two diametrically located grooves 26 (Fig. 3) for supplying a central flow of dry ice granules to the surface of the explosive charge.

Installation for demoting BP works as follows.

Prepared for unloading BP is installed by the bottom of the unit 2 fasteners. On the throat side, the PSU is pinched by a clamping mechanism (not shown in the figures) connected to the chamber 6 for receiving the extracted explosive. At the same time, the PSU rotation drive 3 and the device for dispensing and supplying dry ice granules 25 are turned on, which are supplied through the pipe 24 and the hollow rod 5 to the nozzle block 10. The axial movement drive 4 of the hollow rod 5 is turned on, which together with the nozzle block 10 are moved into the BP case with set speed. The explosive charge is crushed by a stream of dry ice granules, which are fed to the explosive surface through an annular nozzle 17.

If the explosive charge density is such that the grinding is not carried out under the influence of dry ice granules, a cutting tool is brought to it - the conical surface 12 of the insert 11 and the cutting edges 16 of the retainer 15. The cutting surfaces 12 and 16 are cooled by a mixture of air and granules of dry ice. The temperature of the extracted explosive is monitored by a sensor 8.

Extracted from the PSU BB through the grooves 19 of the latch 15 is sent through a pipe 20 to the device 21 for collecting and filtering. The hollow rod 5 with the nozzle block 10 is retracted by the actuator 4 to its original position. This ends the cycle.

Example.

A high-explosive artillery shell to be disposed of with a 100 mm caliber with an M52x2 inlet containing 1.7 kg of product was opened by unscrewing the shipping lid. Then, with the help of a dosing and feeding system of granules, a high-speed flow of granules was formed with simultaneous feeding of the nozzle head and rotation of the product. As a result, the demapping process was carried out according to the following parameters:

Pellet consumption - from 1.5 ÷ 2.0 kg / min

Feed rate V _p = 0.8 ÷ 1.0 mm / s

Product rotation speed V _out = 12 ÷ 20 s ^-1

Productivity of the extracted product Q = 0.2 ÷ 0.5 kg / min depending on the caliber of the products.

The use of this invention will allow safely and environmentally friendly with high performance to utilize PSUs of various calibers without significant restrictions on the type, material and bodies of explosive charges.

Claims (7)

1. A method for demilitarizing ammunition, comprising supplying a stream of dry ice granules to the surface of an explosive charge of an ammunition, characterized in that both central and peripheral flows of dry ice granules are simultaneously supplied or central and peripheral flows of dry ice granules are fed and acted upon by a cutting tool, while a stream of dry ice granules is fed through an annular nozzle. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow of dry ice granules is fed through a hollow rod, the cross-sectional area of the accelerating section of which is equal to the cross-sectional area of the annular nozzle. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow of dry ice granules is served by an annular nozzle with a channel made with a variable taper angle α equal to 10-20 °, and β equal to 30-45 °. 4. Installation for demilitarizing ammunition, comprising a device for dispensing and supplying dry ice granules and a nozzle block, characterized in that the nozzle block has a housing, an insert fixed to the housing by means of suspensions pushed to the housing by a latch, while using the housing, insert and an annular nozzle is formed. 5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the latch is equipped with cutting edges at the end facing the explosive charge. 6. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that at least two longitudinal grooves are made on the latch. 7. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the conical cutting edge is made on the insert, facing the explosive charge.

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