RU2261850C1 - Fermentering device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; fermentering devices for production fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertinent to the field of agriculture and may be used at production of organic fertilizers with formation of optimum conditions for process of fermentation. The fermentering device contains: a bioreactor with a perforated bottom door fixed at a spacing interval from the bioreactor end with formation of an internal cavity; a pressure blower for an air supply bottom-up through the perforated bottom door and the internal space of the bioreactor; an exhaust blower and a system to control operation of the blowers and a thermal sensor. The device is supplied with a cooler made in the form of a box on wheels with a perforated cap placed at the level of the perforated bottom door of the bioreactor, with additional walls mounted along one longitudinal and two lateral fellies sides of the box and with a pressure blower mounted on the side of a butt end. One of the longitudinal walls of the bioreactor is made in the form of an opening hatch for the finished product unloading. The invention allows to reduce duration of the finished product cooling and accordingly to speed up a production cycle of the fermentation process, to improve the quality of produced fertilizers.

EFFECT: the invention ensures reduction of duration of the finished product cooling, a speed up of the fermentation process, improvement of the produced fertilizers quality.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the production of organic fertilizers with the creation of optimal conditions for the fermentation process.

A fermenter device (1) is known, made in the form of a chamber with a pipeline connected to its lower part to enable its active venting by a gas exhaust device, as well as equipped with means for feeding and unloading the fermented mass.

However, according to this technical solution, there is no possibility of flexible regulation of the aeration process, and it is also impossible to abruptly terminate the fermentation process, which is necessary to obtain a strictly defined quality initial product.

The closest in technical essence is a fermenter device (2), containing a bioreactor with a perforated bottom fixed at a distance from the bottom of the bioreactor with the formation of an internal cavity, an injection fan for supplying air from the bottom up through the perforated bottom and the inner space of the bioreactor, an exhaust fan and an operation control system fans with a temperature sensor.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that when using an inclined bottom there is a loss of usable space of the working chamber, which reduces the yield of finished products for the same period of time.

In addition, in the proposed analogues, after the fermentation process, the finished fertilizer goes through the cooling stage, which is delayed for 2 days.

Achievable technical result consists in reducing the cooling time of the finished product and, accordingly, accelerating the entire production cycle of the fermentation process, improving the quality of the resulting fertilizer.

This is achieved by the fact that a fermenter device containing a bioreactor with a perforated bottom fixed at a distance from the bottom of the bioreactor with the formation of an internal cavity, an injection fan for supplying air from bottom to top through the perforated bottom and the interior of the bioreactor, an exhaust fan and a fan control system with a temperature sensor, according to the invention is equipped with a coolant made in the form of a box on wheels with a perforated cover located at the level of the perforated bottoms bioreactor mounted along one longitudinal and two lateral sides of the box with additional walls and an end mounted blower, wherein one of the longitudinal walls of the bioreactor is in the form of the hatch opening for discharging the finished product.

In Fig.1 shows a longitudinal section of the bioreactor, Fig.2 is a transverse section of the bioreactor with a coolant, Fig.Z is a section of the wall of the bioreactor.

The fermentation process consists of several stages:

1. Self-heating of the mixture to a temperature of 50 ° C.

2. Fermentation (as a fermentation process that begins with a temperature above 50 ° C).

3. Stop the fermentation process at the right time.

4. Cooling and final deodorization of the product.

Steps 1 and 2 take place directly in the bioreactor, steps 3 and 4 in the coolant.

The fermenter device is a bioreactor 1 with a coolant 5. The bioreactor is made with a perforated bottom 2, forming an air space with the bottom of the chamber 10 through which forced air is forced through the fan 6. The perforated bottom is a 3-layer grid: the 1st layer is a metal mesh with a mesh of 20 × 20 mm,

2nd layer - plastic mesh with a cell 1 × 1 mm,

3rd layer - metal mesh with a cell of 12 × 12 mm.

The presence of space between the bottom of the bioreactor and the bottom provides a uniform distribution of pressure of the air pumped by the fan 6 and, accordingly, ensures uniform purge of the loaded substrate, as well as eliminating the formation of stagnant zones.

Vapors are removed by an exhaust fan 7. For reliable ventilation of the upper part of the chamber, adjustable exhaust openings 15 are provided.

The camera is equipped with an automatic control unit 4, which controls the cyclic operation of fans 6 and 7 and is connected to a temperature sensor 3 located inside the bioreactor, the data from which are sent to the control unit.

The fermenter is loaded mechanically through the upper hatches (18). Unloading is carried out manually through the side hatches 8, which are hermetically closed before loading, and the upper ones are respectively closed after loading.

The cooler 5 is a construction in the form of a box on wheels. The inner cavity of the box is tight except for the top cover 16, which is made similar to the perforated bottom 2 of the bioreactor and at the same level with it. Additional walls 17 are installed along one longitudinal and two lateral sides of the duct. Between the upper cover and the bottom of the coolant there is an air space through which aeration - cooling - deodorization of the loaded product is carried out using the blower fan 9.

The body of the bioreactor and the coolant are made of prefabricated panels. Thus, the design is collapsible. This allows for high-quality installation - dismantling in a fairly short period of time - 1 day.

For sealing joints, porous rubber, mounting foam, etc. are used.

The wall of the bioreactor body (see figure 3) is a multilayer structure. The carrier is a wooden shield 11. The second layer is a heat insulator 12, for example, of polystyrene foam, polystyrene, etc. 30 mm thick, which provides high thermal insulation. The inner layer 13, with which the entire inner surface of the bioreactor and the coolant can be made, for example, of polycarbonate, polystyrene sheets, etc. 1-2 mm thick. Outside the wall, a decorative plastic coating 14 is made.

The fermenter device operates as follows.

Through the upper hatches of the bioreactor 18 using conveyors serves pre-prepared, mixed to a homogeneous mass mixture. After filling the bioreactor, it is hermetically closed and the aeration process is switched on from the bottom upwards by the air flow from the blower fan b through the perforated bottom 2 and through the stacked layer of the organic waste mixture. In parallel, a temperature sensor measures and transmits data to the control unit 4, which in turn provides a signal for turning on and off the blower and exhaust fans 6 and 7, thereby ensuring the necessary temperature in the bioreactor.

After the fermentation process is completed, the control unit sends a signal to unload the finished product from the bioreactor into a coolant to conduct a sharp cooling of the product (10-15 min) to room temperature. This happens as follows. The side hatch 8 of the bioreactor opens. The coolant with the open longitudinal side (without additional wall) rolls close to the bioreactor, the hot product is poured with an even layer of 30-40 cm onto the perforated cover of the coolant. The cooling fan 9 installed is turned on.

During cooling, the remains of gas and vaporous emissions (ammonia, water vapor, etc.) are blown out of the product layer. Thus, the final deodorization of the products is achieved and the final humidity is reduced.

The cooled mass is discharged from the coolant of the fermenter device and then goes through the processing chain to dosing, packaging, storage.

Sources of information

1. Patent RU, No. 2028998, C 05 F 3/00, 1992.

2. Patent RU, No. 2144015, C 05 F 3/06, 1995.

Claims (1)

A fermenter device containing a bioreactor with a perforated bottom fixed at a distance from the bottom of the bioreactor with the formation of an internal cavity, an injection fan for supplying air from bottom to top through the perforated bottom and the interior of the bioreactor, an exhaust fan and a fan control system with a temperature sensor, characterized in that it equipped with a coolant, made in the form of a box on wheels with a perforated cover located at the level of the perforated bottom of the bioreactor, is set additional walls along one longitudinal and two sides of the duct and an injection fan mounted at the end, one of the longitudinal walls of the bioreactor made in the form of an opening hatch for unloading the finished product.

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