RU2258352C2 - Multiple-tier lighting apparatus for growing of pre-basic sanitated seed potato and other farm products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, growing of agricultural crops with the use of multiple-flow apparatuses arranged at different levels for exposing plants growing in containers to light.

SUBSTANCE: lighting apparatus is composed of individual modules, each including light channel, comprising guides, and mini-hotbeds movable along guides. Mini-hotbeds are mounted on wheels of different diameter for moving by gravity so as to provide their horizontal position by placing them onto inclined guides. Each mini-hotbed may be used as independent module, is furnished with light-transparent hood which simultaneously serves as water accumulator and spreader. Lighting apparatus may be mounted in special industrial, household, supplementary and other rooms provided that stabilized temperature of 15-20° is maintained and phyto-sanitary requirements are fulfilled. Apparatus of such construction is characterized in that rigid coupling between mini-hotbeds is avoided and in that gravity is used for movement of mini-hotbeds along inclined guides in light channel. Apparatus of such construction provides year-round growing of pre-basic sanitated seed potato, seedlings of potato and other vegetables and flowers, as well as products of said crops, tree, fungi, algae seedlings and other biological objects under regulated artificial conditions while eliminating conditions for contacting of seedlings with pathogens.

EFFECT: simplified construction, enhanced reliability in operation and reduced consumption of power.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The production of seed potatoes is a long (at least 7 years) and very complex process, starting with obtaining proven healthy test tubes plants (in vitro) based on the meristem tissue culture.

The primary stages - meristem plants, micro-tubers, mini-tubers, super-super-elite - are involved in the basic centers for potato seed production. In addition to highly qualified personnel, such production requires an appropriate material and technical base, including the construction of sheltered soil with an area of 0.1-0.2 hectares, arable land up to 50 hectares, a potato storage with a capacity of up to 500 tons and a specialized set of agricultural equipment.

The obtained super-super-elite is transferred to elite seed-growing farms, which after 3 years of breeding sell 1 reproductions of seed potatoes to farms and the population (New technologies for the production of healthy starting material in elite seed-growing potatoes. Recommendations. - M .: Agrogress, 2000 - a copy is attached) .

It is possible to reduce the duration of potato seed growing by 2-3 years, to reduce the need for sheltered soil constructions, in arable lands and storages by cultivating the initial pre-baseline potato and its seedlings in artificial conditions at multi-tiered light installations while organizing continuous year-round production. Compact year-round production can be carried out both in the base center and directly in seed farms.

Patent search was carried out by classes: A 01 G 9 / 00-9 / 26 - cultivation of flowers, vegetables and rice in pots, crates, greenhouses or greenhouses; A 01 G 31 / 00-31 / 02 - hydroponics, growing plants in a nutrient medium without soil, special devices for this purpose; A 01 H 4/00 - breeding plants from tissue cultures.

The closest to our invention are multilevel and multichannel light installations, where the conveyor belt or containers connected to each other (or connected by a common carrier) move with the plants in the horizontal plane:

SU, copyright certificate No. 1466684 A1, IPC ⁴ A 01 G 32/02. Plant for growing crops. / A.Ya. Anokhin (USSR). - Publ. 03/23/1989, Bull. No. 11 // Discoveries. Inventions - 1989. - No. 11;

SU, copyright certificate No. 1771592 A1, IPC ⁴ A 01 G 9/02. A device for growing biological objects. / M.T. Girchenko, V.I.Zhorov and L.V. Shapovalov (Ukrainian Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture). - Publ. 10/30/1992, Bull. No. 40 // Discoveries. Inventions - 1993. - No. 40;

RU, patent No. 2004143 C1, IPC ⁴ A 01 G 31/02. Installation for growing plants. / A.S. Balabaev. Publ. 12/15/1993, Bull. No. 45-46 // Discoveries. Inventions - 1993. - No. 45-46;

RU, patent No. 2034449 C1, IPC ⁶ A 01 G 31/02, 9/18, 9/26. Installation for growing hydroponic greenery. / Nikishin V.G., Budanov M.V., Nikishin M.G., Tribrat D.V., Korenevsky V.A. Publ. 05/10/1995;

RU, patent No. 2053642 C1, IPC ⁶ A 01 G 9/14. A device for growing mushrooms. / S.S. Volobuev. Publ. 02/10/1996.

An analogue of the invention is a plant for growing green fodder (SU, copyright certificate No. 1732873 A1, IPC ⁵ A 01 G 31/02. Plant for growing green fodder. / A.S. Melkumov and I.V. Shestopalov. Scientific and technical cooperative “Sputnik.” - Published on 05/15/1992, Bull. No. 18 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1992. - No. 18). The installation contains a multi-tiered rack. Each tier is equipped with guides with trolleys with pallets placed on them in at least two rows, which are moved by a reversible double-drum winch with a cable.

The above installations and the analogue are complex in technical design, require a special mechanism for moving the conveyor belt or a number of pallets along the tier, as well as from tier to tier several times during the growing season. The movement of the belt or pallets occurs immediately across all tiers, and in the event of a failure (for example, breakage of the belt, destruction of the pallet, burnout of the electric motor), the entire installation stops immediately. When moving the flow of plants along all tiers at once, it is difficult to observe phytosanitary safety.

To eliminate these shortcomings, simplify the design and create a flexible production process, we propose a multi-tiered light installation operating on the principle of self-rolling mini-greenhouses mounted on wheels of different diameters on the front and rear axles along inclined guides of the light channel.

The essence of the claimed invention is to use gravity to move in the light channel of mini-greenhouses along inclined guides.

EFFECT: development of a modular light channel with inclined guides along which mini-greenhouses mounted on wheels of different diameters roll down under the action of gravity; simplification of the design due to the rejection of the rigid coupling between the mini-greenhouses and the absence of mechanical devices for their horizontal movement; additional use of the translucent cap of mini-greenhouses for the accumulation and uniform distribution of irrigation water.

The specified technical result is achieved as follows. The installation consists of a system of parallel and isolated from each other by white or mirrored light partition walls of light channels. According to the inclined guides installed in the channels, mini-greenhouses roll down under the action of gravity, which line up in a chain without interlocking with each other.

Refusal from rigid coupling (fixing) of mini-greenhouses (cable, chain, conveyor belt, etc.) allows you to use any operating modes of each of the light channels on the installation. In the mini-greenhouses of one canal any crop can be cultivated; any duration of the growing season is specified. The channel can operate both on a conveyor cycle with daily delivery of finished products, and in a single full load mode (for example, growing flowers by March 8). In addition, each mini-greenhouse as an independent module can be used to grow crops outside the light channel under natural or artificial lighting, for which a lamp with a reflector is installed on the translucent cap.

Each channel works autonomously. Failure or malfunction of any of them does not cause the stop of the lighting system as a whole. It is possible to evenly distribute on-off periods of various channels during the day to equalize loads in electrical networks.

Under the ceiling of the light channels, fluorescent or energy-saving lamps are installed. The quantity and light spectrum of the lamps used is determined depending on the types of cultivated plants. For disinfection of channels from pathogens, ultraviolet bactericidal lamps are installed under the ceiling.

The number of channels in the horizontal and vertical planes can be even or odd, determined by the number and range of products, as well as the dimensions of the room used. The length of the lighting channels is also not strictly limited and is determined by the dimensions of the room. If there is an additional need for manufactured products, the installation can be equipped with additional channels in the vertical or horizontal plane.

Description of the mini greenhouse

The mini-greenhouse consists of a pallet for placing soil or other substrate, and is closed by a light removable translucent hood on top. The pallet is mounted on a frame to which wheels of different diameters are mounted, larger on the front axle compared to the rear, on which the mini-greenhouse rolls along the inclined guides installed at a certain angle. The mini-greenhouse at the same time maintains a horizontal position. The guides at the exit from the light channel are equipped with clamps that stop the movement of the first and second mini-greenhouses for carrying out harvesting technological operations. In order to reduce the metal consumption of the structure and its mass, the frame of a mini-greenhouse, a pallet, wheels, it is advisable to perform from polymeric materials. To reduce friction, rolling bearings are mounted on the frame. The translucent cap corresponds to the height of the plants, at the same time it acts as a water storage and diffuser, for which it has openings for ventilation and irrigation, as well as side barriers that provide a single supply to the translucent cap of a given irrigation rate with subsequent uniform distribution of water or nutrient solution through the cap openings or through flexible hoses with perforations in the lower part directly to the soil. When irrigated by sprinkling, for uniform distribution of water on the soil surface, the diffuser holes have a variable diameter, increasing from the center to the periphery. Transparent shelter reduces the likelihood of the spread of diseases and pests, keeps plants in the dimensions of a mini-greenhouse, reduces the rate of evaporation of water from the soil and retains carbon dioxide released from the soil as a result of microbiological activity.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the light installation (longitudinal section of the light channels).

Figure 2 shows a mini-greenhouse (side view).

Figure 3 shows a cross section of a light channel with a mini-greenhouse in it.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The claimed light installation includes a lift with a platform 1, a rack with a base plate 2, guides 3, mini-greenhouses assembled 4, fluorescent lamps 5, an irrigator 6, germicidal lamps 7, easily removable side walls 8, a connecting unit 9, position fixers of the first and second mini greenhouses 10.

The mini-greenhouse consists of wheels 11 mounted on an arm 12, a frame 13 with a side 19 and an abutment 14, a removable tray with a substrate 15, a translucent hood 16, a diffuser with holes 17 and side rails of the latches of the tray 18.

The claimed light installation works as follows.

At the first stages of in vitro propagation of meristemic potatoes, racks with tubes are installed in pallets without caps and loaded into the light channel. In the subsequent stages of propagation, test plants are transplanted into the soil substrate.

The tray is installed on the desktop, filled with a metered amount of soil sterilized and seeded with strains of beneficial microorganisms, or with an artificial substrate and water, providing a substrate moisture content equal to the lowest moisture capacity. Then the test tube plants of potatoes obtained after propagation in vitro or tubers are planted. The mini-greenhouse is closed with a translucent cap and manually or with the help of a lifting mechanism it is installed on the guides of the light channel.

The technology of work on the conveyor cycle in the initial period (start-up stage) provides for the sequential loading of the entire light channel with frames without pallets, with the exception of the latter, on which a mini-greenhouse is filled with a substrate with plants. Each subsequent prepared mini-greenhouse is loaded into the light channel with an interval determined by the technological process. Moving in the light channel, the mini-greenhouse rests against the end of the frame on board 19 (see Fig. 2) in front of the moving mini-greenhouse, which ensures their synchronous movement.

After a certain time, during the movement of the mini-greenhouse through the light channel at pre-fixed points, strictly dosed irrigation with water or fertilizer solutions is carried out by sprinkling or drip. In this case, the irrigation rate is fed to a translucent cap, which acts as a reservoir and a diffuser of water. For this purpose, the cap has openings for ventilation and irrigation, as well as side rails. When sprinkling irrigation for uniform distribution of water on the soil surface, the holes of the diffuser, it is advisable to make different diameters, increasing from the center to the periphery. During drip irrigation, water from the drive cap enters through flexible hoses with perforations in the lower part directly into the soil.

After passing through the light channel and the end of the growing season of crops, the first and second mini-greenhouses are stopped with the help of clamps 10 (see figure 1). The first mini-greenhouse is manually or mechanically removed to the platform of the elevator and then moved to the auxiliary room, where it is installed on the desktop, the finished products are cleaned, the earth is poured out and sent for sterilization, the tray and hood are washed and disinfected, after which the mini-greenhouse and earth heading for re-landing again. After the release of the clamps, the second mini-greenhouse moves to the position of the first mini-greenhouse, and the stop 14 prevents the sliding of its pallet 15 from the frame 13. The remaining mini-greenhouses are moved one position.

Room requirements. The lighting installation can be mounted in special production, utility, utility and other rooms (basements, attics of houses, caves, spent mines, quarries).

For growing seed potatoes and most other crops in the light channels, the optimum temperature is 22-25 ° C. Deviations from the optimum temperature inhibit plants, reduce yield and resistance to disease. During the operation of the installation, heat is generated and the total temperature in the room should be several degrees below the optimum (approximately 15-20 ° C). The room should be provided with ventilation and heating equipment to maintain this temperature. In order to increase the bio-productivity of the plant, to purify the air of carbon dioxide and to saturate it with oxygen, it is advisable to place the plant near crowded places of people and other biological objects.

To comply with phytosanitary requirements for the protection of potatoes from diseases and pests, the room must be equipped with bactericidal ultraviolet lamps, filters on the ventilation system, disinfectant rugs in the vestibules, wardrobes. Attendants work in overalls.

Unification of the installation. To increase seasonal load, expand the field of use and reduce production costs, the installation is unified for accelerated propagation of new and valuable varieties in plant breeding; production of planting stock after tissue culture for gardening, parks and forestry; growing seedlings of potatoes, vegetables and flower crops; production of finished flowers and indoor plants; distillation in moderate light from turnip onions, green onions, and from root crops of parsley, celery, rhubarb, etc. growing salad crops; growing in a layer of earth without lighting salad chicory Vitlouf; mushroom production; concentrated green livestock feed; conducting vermiculture (breeding earthworms and obtaining vermicompost); cultivation in winter of alga Eichornia, designed for the environmental treatment of wastewater and polluted water; obtaining soil enriched with useful soil microorganisms (for example, on the basis of EM technology or other microbiological preparations); breeding microorganisms and beneficial insects for biological measures to control pests and plant diseases. With an increase in the power supply ratio and a relative decrease in the cost of electricity, the list of crops whose cultivation in this installation is appropriate and cost-effective will increase.

Claims (3)

1. A multi-tiered light installation for growing pre-baseline healthy seed potatoes and other agricultural products, consisting of separate modules, each of which includes a light channel and mini-greenhouses located in it, characterized in that the light channel is equipped with inclined guides on which mini-greenhouses are installed with wheels of different diameters, ensuring their horizontal position, while each mini-greenhouse is equipped with a translucent cap, which simultaneously serves as a drive and a water diffuser. 2. The lighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that to ensure uniform distribution of water or nutrient solution in the diffuser, holes of different diameters are made, the diameter increasing from the center of the diffuser to its periphery. 3. The light installation according to claim 1, characterized in that to prevent wetting of the vegetative parts of plants sensitive to fungal diseases and light burns, water from the storage cap through a flexible hose perforated in the lower horizontal part is fed to the surface of the moistened soil of the mini-greenhouse.

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