RU2254485C2 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; piston engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in gasoline, gas and diesel internal combustion engines of different application. Proposed engine contains cylinders with linears, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, timing gear. Cylinder linears of increased inner volume are provided with cooling ports and double wall forming cooling chamber communicating with inner space through cooling ports. Outer side of cylinders is provided with heat insulating coating. Cooling chamber has channel connecting the chamber with compressor.

EFFECT: increased engine efficiency, reduced fuel consumption, enlarged sphere of application of engines.

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Description

The invention relates to internal combustion engines, which are a source of mechanical energy, namely, to the field of piston internal combustion engines and can be used in gasoline, gas and diesel engines for various purposes.

The closest design is an internal combustion engine containing cylinders with sleeves, pistons, connecting rods, a crankshaft, a gas distribution mechanism (US Pat. US No. 4676202, F 01 P 1/02, 1987).

The disadvantages of the known designs of internal combustion engines are:

- loss of thermal energy during cooling of the cylinders on auxiliary cycles "inlet" and "compression", leading to a decrease in power;

- the dependence of the volume of the cooling chamber on the working volume of the cylinder.

The invention is aimed at increasing the efficiency of the engine and reducing fuel consumption.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known internal combustion engine containing cylinders with liners, pistons, connecting rods, a crankshaft, a gas distribution mechanism, the cylinder liners with increased internal volume being made with cooling windows, have a double wall forming a cooling chamber in communication with internal volume by means of cooling windows, and the outer side of the cylinders has a heat-insulating coating, a distinctive feature is that the cooling chamber has a channel connecting s it with a compressor, consisting of a valve cylinder and a piston connected to a crankshaft via a connecting rod.

An analysis of the known solutions did not reveal a similar implementation of internal combustion engines and showed that the invention is new, as it is unknown and should not be explicitly understood by a specialist from the level of technological development, that is, the invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

In the drawing, the cylinder liner 1, made with cooling windows 2, has a double wall 3, forming a cooling chamber 4, communicating with the internal volume through cooling windows, has a heat-insulating coating 5. An exhaust valve 6, a nozzle 7, and a spark plug 8 are located on the cylinder head. The cooling chamber 4 has a channel 9 connecting it to a compressor consisting of an inlet valve 10, an overflow valve 11, a cylinder 12 and a piston 13 connected to the crankshaft 14 by the connecting rod 15. In addition, the crankshaft 14 by the connecting rod 16 is connected to the piston 17 working cylinder. Moreover, the total area of the cooling windows is commensurate with the area of the working cylinder (the area of the piston), and the location of the cooling windows is chosen in such a way that at the stroke "stroke" at the moment the piston opens the cooling windows, the pressure above the piston is equal to the pressure in the cooling chamber. A slight advance (or delay) in the time the piston passes the top dead center (TDC) compressor relative to the time the point passes through the working piston controls the air (or air mixture) bypass through the cooling windows until the piston closes the cooling windows when the pistons move from the bottom dead center (BDC) to TDC at the stroke "compression", providing a given degree of compression in the combustion chamber. The volume of the cooling chamber is selected in such a way as to provide cooling of the cylinder without using a cooling system. The volume of the compressor cylinder, which does not depend on the volume of the working cylinder, ensures that the required amount of air enters the cooling chamber. The volume of the working cylinder (working volume) is selected taking into account the efficient use of the energy of the residual gases.

The engine operates as follows. With a push-pull cycle, two cycles are performed in the working cylinder - “compression” and “working stroke”. The exhaust gas is released from the working cylinder after the end of the "stroke", at the beginning of the cycle "compression". Two strokes also occur in the compressor cylinder - “compression” and “inlet”. In this case, the cycles of "compression" occur simultaneously (without taking into account a slight lead or delay in the passage time of the pistons of the TDC and, accordingly, the BDC). And the cycle "working stroke" of the working cylinder corresponds to the cycle "compressor" inlet.

Tact "compression". Pistons 17 and 13 are located at the BDC. In the working cylinder, the exhaust gases and air in the cooling chamber are under slight pressure. The exhaust valve 6 opens and the excess of exhaust gases from the cylinder rushes into the atmosphere, including under the influence of a piston moving from BDC to TDC. In this case, air from the cooling chamber enters the cylinder and reduces the concentration of exhaust gases, increases the oxygen content in the air mixture. The bypass valve 11 opens and the exhaust valve 6 closes. With the simultaneous movement of the pistons 17 and 13 from the BDC to the TDC, air is displaced from the compressor cylinder through the bypass valve into the cooling chamber and the air mixture is compressed in the working cylinder while air is compressed in the cooling chamber. When the piston closes the cooling windows and its further movement to TDC in the working cylinder, the air mixture is compressed in the combustion chamber. And all the air from the compressor is displaced by the piston into the cooling chamber, where it is heated from the walls of the cylinder liner with increasing pressure in the cooling chamber. Pistons 17 and 13 reached TDC. The bypass valve 11 closes and the inlet valve 10 opens. The “intake” cycle begins in the compressor cylinder. And when the piston moves from TDC to BDC, fresh air enters the compressor cylinder through the intake valve 10. At this time, in the working cylinder, when the piston is in TDC, fuel injection and ignition occur. Begins the "stroke". When the piston moves from TDC to BDC, when the piston reaches the cooling windows, when the pressure in the cylinder is equal to the pressure in the cooling chamber, the windows open and air from the cooling chamber through the cooling windows enters the cylinder and, together with the gases located there, does the work. In this case, the concentration of oxygen in the working cylinder increases, which, together with the oxygen coming from the cooling chamber during the “compression” cycle, participates in the “stroke” of the next cycle. When the NMT pistons are reached, the exhaust valve 6 opens, the intake valve 10 closes, and a new compression cycle begins with the compression strokes.

With a push-pull cycle, there is no loss of thermal energy in the working cylinders caused by cooling of the cylinders at auxiliary cycles by the incoming air mixture, because these two cycles in the working cylinder simply do not exist, and therefore, the thermal energy of the cylinder walls will participate in the work. In addition, the use of a compressor to inject fresh air into the cooling chamber allows you to compress cooler air than the four-stroke method in the known engine, which, with an equal amount of incoming air mixture in the known and claimed engines, uses less compression power in the claimed one. In addition, colder air allows more efficient cooling of cylinder liners, thereby also allowing more efficient use of the thermal energy of the walls of the liners. Calculations show that the use of a compressor and a two-stroke cycle of working cylinders can increase the efficiency of the engine by 5-7% and therefore reduce fuel consumption by 5-7% compared with the known engine with equal power.

The main advantage of this engine is to increase the efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, as well as expand the scope of engines due to the independence of the volume of the cooling chamber from the working volume of the cylinder.

Claims (1)

An internal combustion engine comprising cylinders with sleeves, pistons, connecting rods, a crankshaft, a gas distribution mechanism, characterized in that the cylinder liners with increased internal volume are made with cooling windows, have a double wall that forms a cooling chamber communicating with the internal volume through cooling windows, and the outside of the cylinders has a heat-insulating coating, the cooling chamber has a channel connecting it to a compressor consisting of valves, a cylinder and a piston connected to the crankshaft through the connecting rod.