RU225429U1 - FACING THERMAL INSULATION FIRE-RESISTANT PANEL - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to construction and can be used for cladding any walls and increasing fire safety, thermal insulation of residential public and industrial buildings and structures, as well as for thermal insulation of wooden walls from furnace fires in bathhouses. The technical result is to increase the heat and sound insulation properties of the panel and reduce the weight of the panel. The facing thermal insulation panel is made with a gradient body density and contains a solid body made of foam glass concrete, including foam glass granules or crushed stone, cement, sand, water and a solution with an air-entraining additive, while the body is formed by vibrating facade forms on a vibrating table, the front side of the body has a high density of foam glass concrete in comparison with the back side and includes heavy sand fractions, and the back side of the body has a low density of foam glass concrete in comparison with the front side, made with a decorative pattern. It is advisable to use saponified wood resin in the form of a 10% aqueous solution or a synthetic foaming agent as a solution with an air-entraining additive. It is advisable to include in foam glass concrete granules or crushed stone of foam glass 2-3 wt.%, cement 67-70 wt.%, sand 15-25 wt.%, mortar with an air-entraining additive 1.2-1.5 wt.%, water 15-20 % by weight of the mixture.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to construction and can be used for cladding any walls and increasing fire safety, thermal insulation of residential public and industrial buildings and structures, as well as for thermal insulation of wooden walls from furnace fires in bathhouses.

A known construction protective and decorative panel contains a load-bearing layer and a protective and decorative layer applied to it in the form of a hardened mass of the mixture (RF Patent No. 134559, IPC E04C 2/00, publ. November 20, 2013)

The disadvantages of building protective and decorative panels are insufficiently high mechanical characteristics, low fire safety and lack of heat resistance when exposed to high temperatures.

A monolithic block is known, made with a gradient body density, with the highest density in the front part, and the lowest density in the rear part (RF Patent No. 2763568, 07/08/2021).

The disadvantages of this invention include the use of polystyrene foam granules, low fire safety and heat resistance; polystyrene foam granules, when exposed to high temperatures, undergo intense destruction with the release of toxic gases.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is a construction protective and decorative thermal insulation panel containing a load-bearing layer and a protective and decorative layer applied to it in the form of a hardened mass of the mixture; the load-bearing layer is made on the basis of foam glass concrete, formed when introduced into foam glass granules in certain proportions of different chemical composition of cements, styrene-acrylic dispersion or emulsion and filler made of ground quartzite and/or fine-grained sand, and the protective and decorative layer of the panel includes cement binder, styrene-acrylic dispersion or emulsion, pigment additive and decorative filler made of ground quartzite, and/ or sand and/or stone chips (RF patent No. 140581, E04C2/00, published 05/10/2014 Bulletin No. 13).

This panel has a number of significant disadvantages: high labor costs and increased production costs, since it is manufactured in several stages, in separate portions; high weight and thermal conductivity, since styrene-acrylic dispersion or emulsion is not an air-entraining additive and does not contribute to the creation of air pores, which is noted in the descriptions of its characteristics and the study of the work of Chrisman A.E. (Institute of Architecture and Construction of National Research Irkutsk State Technical University, published May 19, 2017).

The purpose of the utility model is to reduce the time of the production process, reduce material consumption, and lighten the design.

The technical result is to increase the heat and sound insulation properties of the panel and reduce the weight of the panel.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the facing thermal insulation panel is made with a gradient body density and contains a solid body made of foam glass concrete, including foam glass granules or crushed stone, cement, sand, water, and an air-entraining additive; in this case, the body is formed by vibrating the façade forms on a vibrating table; the front side of the body, made with a decorative pattern, has a density of foamed glass concrete, which is higher than the density of foamed glass concrete, the back side of the body; in this case, the sand content on the front side of the body is greater than on the back side of the body; and the content of air bubbles and granules or crushed foam glass on the front side of the body is less than on the back side of the body.

Due to light granules or crushed foam glass and the use of a solution with an air-entraining additive to actively entrain air, with an increase in the total volume, a decrease in weight and an increase in heat and sound insulation properties are obtained.

Figure 1 shows a section of a panel with a gradient body density, on which a strong decorative side with high density and a less dense reverse side of the body with a high content of air bubbles and foam glass granules are visible, where 1 is low-density foam glass concrete, 2 is high-density foam glass concrete and decorative pattern, 3 - foam glass granules, 4 - air bubbles.

The facing thermal insulation panel contains a solid body made of foam glass concrete, consisting of granules or crushed foam glass 2-3 wt.%, cement 67-70 wt.%, sand 15-25 wt.%, water 15-20% by weight of the mixture of solution with an air-entraining additive 1.2-1.5 wt.%. As a solution with an air-entraining additive, a 10% solution of saponified wood resin or a synthetic foaming agent such as “PB-Formula 2012” can be used. The panel body is formed by pouring a solution of foam glass concrete into facade forms and subsequent vibration of the facade forms on a vibrating table. The front side of the body has a high density of foam glass concrete compared to the back side and includes heavy sand fractions. The back side of the body has a low density of foam glass concrete in comparison with the front side, made with a decorative pattern. The thickness of the heavy fractions on the front side is 2-10 mm (calculated experimentally by adding medium-sized sand M _k = 2-2.5 in an amount of 15-25 wt.%).

In the front part, the body is more dense with a large sand content, but there is almost no foam glass and air bubbles in it, since sand settles, and, conversely, when vibrating, foam glass and air bubbles are pushed out, due to this it is denser and stronger, and in the back parts are the same foam glass concrete, only with a lower content of sand or almost no sand, since it settled during vibration, and vice versa - a higher content of foam glass and air bubbles, and since there is almost no sand, this side is heat and sound insulating.

Thus, the highest density of the body is on the front side of the body (front part of the panel), and the lowest density is on the back side of the body (in the back of the panel). The implementation of the utility model is carried out as follows.

Example 1. 2 wt.% of granulated foam glass is loaded into a mechanical concrete mixer, water is added 15% by weight of the mixture and mixed until the granulated foam glass is completely wetted, then cement 67 wt.%, sand 15 wt.% and a solution with an air-entraining additive 1.2 are added wt.%, 10% solution of saponified wood resin. Next, the solution is mixed for 3-5 minutes until a homogeneous mass is obtained, façade forms with a decorative pattern are filled with the resulting solution and they are vibrated on a vibrating table for 10-15 seconds, while heavy sand fractions settle down the façade forms so that the panel body a more dense protective and decorative front side is formed, while the reverse (rear) side, on the contrary, remains with low density. After the mixture has hardened, the finished panels are removed from the molds. The thickness of the heavy fractions on the front side was 2 mm.

Example 2. 3 wt.% of crushed foam glass is loaded into a mechanical concrete mixer, 20% water is poured in and mixed until the crushed glass is completely wetted, then cement 70 wt.%, sand 25 wt.% and a solution with an air-entraining additive 1.5 wt.% are added. , synthetic foaming agent type PB-Formula 2012. Next, the solution is mixed for 3-5 minutes until smooth. Next, the resulting solution is filled with facade forms with a decorative pattern, and they are vibrated on a vibrating table for 10-15 s, while heavy fractions of sand settle down the façade forms so that a denser protective and decorative front side is formed at the panel body, and the reverse side The (back) side, on the contrary, remains with low density. After the mixture has hardened, the finished panels are removed from the molds. The thickness of the heavy fractions on the front side was 10 mm.

Due to light granules or crushed foam glass and the use of a solution with an air-entraining additive, for example, saponified wood resin or a synthetic foaming agent, for the active entrainment of air, an increase in the total volume results in a reduction in mass and an increase in heat and sound insulation properties. Thus, in one batch, the result of producing a durable front side from the front part of the panel and a heat-protective layer from the back side of the body - the rear part is achieved.

To date, prototypes have been produced and tested. The proposed panel is easy to process with tools, has great prospects for use for cladding buildings with high fire safety requirements, and is also ideal for protecting wooden walls in bathhouses in places where furnaces are located.

Claims (1)

A facing thermal insulation panel made with a gradient body density and containing a solid body made of foam glass concrete, including foam glass granules or crushed stone, cement, sand, water, an air-entraining additive, while the body is formed by vibrating façade forms on a vibrating table, the front side of the body is made with a decorative pattern , has a density of foam glass concrete that is higher than the density of foam glass concrete on the back side of the body, while the sand content on the front side of the body is greater than on the back side of the body, and the content of air bubbles and granules or crushed foam glass on the front side of the body is less than on the back side of the body.