RU2252078C1 - Washing apparatus for enriching sands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus comprises sloping screen, water sprayer housed above the screen, sluice box with templates, and concentrate collector. The sluice box is made of at least one section, which receives a guide inclined at an acute angle to horizon and template mounted at a distance from the guide and inclined to it at an obtuse or right angle, and additional guide mounted at a distance from the bottom edge of the template and inclined to it at an obtuse angle. The additional guide is connected with an additional template and is inclined to it at an obtuse or right angle to define a step-wise cascade. The bottom section of the sloping sluice box is in communication with at least two concentrate collectors mounted one by one. The washing apparatus is made for permitting repeatable filling the concentrate collectors.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of the apparatus.

8 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, in particular, to devices for enriching man-made and off-balance sands of placer mineral deposits, mainly precious metals.

A flushing complex is known from the prior art, comprising a feed pulp feeder, disintegrating and classifying devices, a water supply system, a rotary gateway unit and a receiving hopper located below it with an irrigation system and an outlet pipe, and the hopper on the pulp outlet side is provided with a double wall forming a flat inclined wall a container filled with packages of parallel plates, a vibration exciter installed under the packages of parallel plates, while the outer wall is made with catching karma by us, the upper part of the tank is equipped with a screening surface, and additional pipes are installed in the lower part of the tank, the hopper is also equipped with conveying pipes located above the packages of parallel plates and connected to the outlet pipe of the hopper and the water supply system. RF patent №2222383 from 01/27/27, class B 03 B 5/00.

Such a complex has a rather complicated design, the operation of which is carried out at increased energy consumption and at the same time does not provide the proper efficiency and productivity of the extraction of small and thin particles of a valuable component.

One of the known solutions aimed at eliminating this drawback is an enrichment plant containing a gateway in the form of an inclined gutter, a screen, a catching device located under the screen, while the catching device is made in the form of identical components of a stencil with rugs that are installed in series on the bottom of the lock channel, each component of the stencil has, on its entire length, a screen sheet with drilled holes, each component of the stencil has an inlet hydrochloric gap under the sheet screen for creating a flow of pulp and an outlet slit for outputting spent pulp screening next top sheet part of the stencil, the lumen inlet slit has an outlet clearance gap. RF patent No. 2204439 dated 05/20/2003, class B 03 B 5/72.

A disadvantage of the known gateway is the low degree of extraction of valuable components due to the fact that its design does not provide sufficient hydrodynamic effects on the pulp, which leads to intensive disintegration of sand and the maximum deposition of heavy minerals with the simultaneous removal of particles of waste rock. The consequence of this is the entrainment of a fine fraction of valuable components and the low quality of the resulting concentrate.

The closest in technical essence is a washing device for mineral processing, containing a screen with a tray and trays, a gateway with stencils and a collector of concentrate installed under it, interconnected and installed on a common frame, while the stencils are made in the form of metal gratings, transverse plates which are located at an angle to the bottom of the gateway. A water sprinkler is installed above the screen. RF patent No. 2203141 dated 04/27/2003, class B 03 B 5/02.

Known flushing device operates as follows. The electric motor transmits the movement to the screen, lock and concentrate collector. Under the influence of movement and water sprays of the irrigator, the material fed to the screen intensively disintegrates and is classified into two products: oversize and sublattice. The over-sieve product is sent through the self-trapping lock to the dump, the under-sieve product is fed into the screening pan and is sent to the screening gates for dressing with stencils, which, just like the screen, makes a movement, which ensures loosening of the mineral bed formed on its surface. To capture the concentrate, the lock is lifted with a margin from its bottom of the stencils, as a result of which the lock concentrate flows by gravity into the collection.

Such a gateway has been widely used due to the simplicity of design and maintenance both on gold extraction dredges and as independent washing devices. However, these gateways have two significant drawbacks. The first is the frequency of operation, due to the cleaning cycle and the control of the washing process, as a result of which the productivity of the device decreases. The second disadvantage is the low efficiency in the enrichment of placers with a predominance of fine and thin metal.

Although these decisions are aimed at improving the efficiency of work, determined by the extraction of valuable components and productivity, this task continues to be relevant. It is the task of increasing the extraction of small and thin classes of valuable components from placer sands with high enrichment process productivity that is the main one.

This problem is solved in the present invention due to the achievement of a technical result, which consists in providing a high hydrodynamic effect on the sands due to multistage tipping of the pulp stream in the airlock, which leads to the formation of a turbulent flow, which in turn leads to better deposition of fine and fine particles of valuable components. In addition, a technical result is achieved, which consists in increasing the productivity of the washing device, by providing a cyclic-free washing process, with the best optimization of the washing process, due to the possibility of monitoring at any time of the process without stopping the operation of the device.

The indicated technical results are achieved by the proposed flushing device, which contains an inclined screen, above which a water sprinkler is installed, and under the screen there is a lock with stencils and contains a concentrate collector. According to the invention, the lock is made in the form of at least one section containing a guide located at an acute angle to the horizon, at which a stencil is placed at an obtuse or right angle α to which a stencil is placed at a distance from its lower edge, and at a distance at an obtuse or right angle β from its lower edge there is an additional guide, connected at an obtuse or right angle with an additional stencil, forming a stepped cascade, and the lower part of the inclined gateway communicates with at least two concentrate collectors, installed sequentially one after another, while the flushing device is configured to alternately fill the concentrate collectors.

In a preferred embodiment of the inventive flushing device, the guides are corrugated. All nodes of the device are located on a common frame. The water sprinkler is made in the form of a flexible conduit. The gateway communicates with at least two collectors of the concentrate using a gutter or pipe. In the gutter or conduit, in the place of communication with at least the first concentrate collector, there is a mechanism that blocks the passage of the concentrate to this collector, which in the open position blocks the passage to the next collector.

Stencils are installed in the concentrate collectors and they are made with the possibility of a control survey.

The invention will now be disclosed with reference to the drawing, which shows a preferred embodiment of the inventive flushing device.

The flushing device is designed to catch fine precious metal by its system for flushing man-made and off-balance sands.

Separation system (screen) and enrichment system are mounted in a single unit on a mobile platform.

The washing device is modified for various loading capacities and transformed.

For the productive operation of the industrial device, it is necessary to have a loading mechanism or a machine (excavator, auto-loader) of appropriate performance.

The performance of the flushing device is directly proportional to the performance of the loading unit and the pumping station that supplies water to the flushing device. To increase the loading capacity of the washed sand, the washing device can be made mnogoskatnym, for example, gable, with two screens.

The flushing device consists of five main modules.

Module I. Mobile platform (1). Serves for mounting and fastening the entire design of the washing device. Module II Support platform (2) with a compartment for concentrate collectors (3), on which control is carried out. Module III Cascade lock (4), located at an angle <30 ° to the horizon, passing into the collection chute (5). The gateway is closed with roars (6). Screens are made in the form of perforated plates fixed with hinges. This is necessary for lifting the screening plates so that there is access to the gateways for shooting and rushing. Module IV The curved receiving platform (7), which combines two slopes of inclined screens, serves to receive and initially saturate the ground mass with water on the surface of the washing device. Module V. Layout of hydraulic pipes. It consists of a common receiver pipe (8) with valves (9) at the ends for right or left connection of a flexible water conduit from the pump station. Two transverse pipes (10) and longitudinal pipes (11), through which water is supplied, go from the receiver (8) to the screens. Through the holes in the pipes, water, in the sprinkler mode, falls onto the screen plane.

On the sides, the inclined planes of the screens are limited by protective shields (12), which serve as guides of the ground mass.

To provide better deposition of fine and fine particles of valuable components, the gateway is made in the form of a multi-stage cascade in which the formation of a turbulent flow occurs and the hydrodynamic effect on the sands increases.

The lock is a hollow tank consisting of communicating sections A, each of which contains a corrugated guide (13) installed at the top of the section and located at an acute angle to the horizon and to the inner surface of the screen. A stencil (14) is placed at a small distance from its lower edge at an obtuse or right angle to the guide. Opposite the free lower edge of the stencil, at an obtuse or right angle to which an additional guide (15) is placed, connected at an obtuse or right angle with an additional stencil (16), forming a step cascade.

The lower part of the airlock by means of a gutter (or pipe) (5) communicates with the concentrate collectors (3), located one after another in series. In the trench, in the place of communication with the first collector, a blocking passage of the concentrate to this collector is installed (17), made, for example, in the form of a hatch that, in the open position for access of the concentrate, blocks the passage to the next collector.

Sand washing on the washing device consists of two stages.

The first stage is preparatory. The entire preparation process can take place on the surface of the receiving platform (7). The preparation process is to moisturize, saturate the sand. Moreover, this saturation can occur outside the washing device, but it is preferable at the receiving site (7) using longitudinal pipes (11) and additionally installed feeders (not shown).

Washing the sands will be more efficient and productive if the sands are a critical state of mudflow.

When loading the washed sand to the receiving platform (7), the atomizer drive is switched on. Water jets hit the ground and the soil spreads over the receiving area.

The piping of the hydraulic system serves to distribute the flow of water, in the form of a continuous shower of constant pressure, over the entire area of the screens.

Water from the pump unit, with a flow rate of at least 1200 l / min, for the described model is supplied to the hydraulic system through a flexible conduit - this is the preferred condition for the productive operation of the flushing device, as it allows the device to be mobile.

The bulk of the mass falls on the platform (7), is divided into two streams, and under the influence of gravitational forces and streams of water falling on it move along inclined screens 6.

The second stage is the washing itself.

The streams erode the mudflow and carry the small fraction into the openings of the screens.

A large fraction, constantly washed with clarified (clean) water, continues to move, sometimes with the help of a hydraulic monitor (not shown in the drawing), to the boundary of discharge from screens to the dump. Thus, the separation of the rock mass occurs.

The device is designed so that the modules II and III are arranged on top of each other and mounted on a movable platform (1) symmetrically to the plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the receiving platform (7), in pairs. Therefore, all actions with mudflow occurring on one side, similarly occur on the other.

Under the roar there is a cascade gateway (4), which consists of several parallel levels. The upper part of the airlock is closed by a vertical wall, and the lower part is connected to a collecting trough (5).

The lock, along the length, is divided, for example, into three sections A. Each section, from the top to the bottom, is delimited across by spacer axes (18). This provides structural rigidity.

On the axis (18), bushings (not shown) are put on, which serve as hinges for the guides (13), made in relief and consisting of 5 steps across and two longitudinal guides, with an elevation of 20 mm above the crest of the step, and stencils (14).

The fine fraction with a diameter of up to 20 mm with the main mass falls on the guides (13), from which the flow falls on the stencils (14). At this point, the flow overturns. According to the stencil (14), through a short zone of turbulence, the flow moves to the interface between the inclined additional guides (15), which can also be corrugated, and stencils (16). Here, the flow is overturned a second time and enters the oncoming flow of the bottom current. Hydroboator occurs - Brownian motion turns into turbulent. Each section A has a similar process.

Particles that did not linger on the stencils (14, 16) are carried away by the general flow into the collection chute (5).

The flushing device is modified depending on the capacity of the loading unit.

Productivity of the device is modeled by increasing or decreasing levels or sections.

Depending on its size, the dimensions of the structural modules are changed.

Due to the mobility of the industrial device, the washing speed and, as a result, the testing of the landfill increases.

To wash the sands productively, it must be controlled.

For this, a control system was built on the washing device, which consists of three concentrate collectors (3).

The collecting chute (5), which closes the lower level of sections A, collects the concentrate of one module. Through the hatch (17), the concentrates enter the collector (3) of this module. From the receiving chamber, the concentrates fall into an expansion diffuser (hollow box), where the flow velocity is lost, and then, onto the stencils (19) of the sections (fine accumulation locks) of the collector.

To conduct a control survey, the hatch (17) is closed, while the washing process on the device does not stop, and the flow over the hatch goes to the next collection (3).

At three-section locks, with the hatch closed on the tray, shooting is done by rinsing the rugs, stencils (19) and the sections themselves into containers, which are placed under each section of the lock. After adjusting the concentrates, according to the results of the survey, determine the time of the next survey for control or stop the device for general survey. Such control of the sand washing process allows you to optimize the washing process.

Claims (9)

1. A flushing device for enriching the sands of alluvial mineral deposits, which contains an inclined screen, over which a water sprinkler is installed, and under the screen there is a sluice with stencils, characterized in that the sluice is made in the form of at least one section containing with a sharp angle to the horizontal, a guide, at an angle α to which a stencil is placed at a distance from its lower edge, at an angle β to which an additional guide is placed at a distance from its lower edge, connected under a blunt Whether a right angle with the additional stencil, forming a stepped cascade. 2. The flushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gateway communicates with at least two concentrate collectors installed one after the other by means of a chute or pipeline, while the flushing device is configured to alternately fill the concentrate collectors. 3. The flushing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the concentrate collectors are made in the form of fine accumulation locks. 4. A flushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the guides are grooved. 5. The flushing device according to claim 4, characterized in that the angles α and β are obtuse or straight. 6. The flushing device according to claim 5, characterized in that the water sprinkler is made in the form of a flexible conduit. 7. The flushing device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the concentrate collectors are configured to carry out a control survey. 8. The flushing device according to claim 7, characterized in that in the gutter or pipe in the place of communication with at least the first concentrate collector there is a mechanism that blocks the passage of the concentrate to this collector, which in the open position blocks the passage to the next collector. 9. The flushing device according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that all the nodes of the device are placed on a common frame.