RU2251269C2 - Nitridenous fertilizer with nematocide and fungicide properties - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular plant production.

SUBSTANCE: method of present invention includes utilization of urea hydroperoxide as nitrogenous fertilizer with nematocide and fungicide properties. Fertilizer of present invention also is useful in plant protection against diseases and blasts, such as potato-root eelworm and gall-root eelworm.

EFFECT: increased soil microbiological activity and fertility.

8 tbl, 8 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of crop production, specifically to the use of the known compound of urea peroxyhydrate (PHM) (peroxocarbamide) CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ · H ₂ O ₂ as an agrochemical - a concentrated nitrogen-oxygen-containing fertilizer that increases microbiological activity and soil fertility, with growth-promoting, nematicidal fungicidal properties.

Mostly, one of the components of PGM is used as fertilizer - urea or complex compounds containing nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, as well as macro- and microelements (1, 2 - p. 295, 306).

Another component of PGM is hydrogen peroxide, which is widely used due to its low cost and environmental friendliness, since its decay products are water and oxygen.

It has bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal and sporocidal properties that are used in the food industry to improve the properties of moldy grains, disinfect nuts, dried fruits, etc. (3), as well as to obtain disinfectants and compositions on its basis (4).

There are a large number of chemicals used in agriculture for plant protection (2 - p. 113-178). However, most pesticides are used in limited quantities due to their negative impact on the environment, therefore, for example, to date, the List (2 - p. 113-114) does not contain nematicides for controlling golden potato nematode in personal household plots (LPH) .

Nitrogen-oxygen fertilizers having both the properties of nitrogen fertilizers and nematicidal and fungicidal properties are not known.

A compound of urea peroxyhydrate (PGM) CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ · H ₂ O ₂ is known, which is used as an active ingredient in the manufacture of a hydropyrite drug (5), and also as a main component in the preparation of bleaching-disinfecting, disinfecting, etc. P. funds.

The drug is a complex chemical compound of urea (urea) with hydrogen peroxide, the technical product contains at least 64.3% urea, 35.0% hydrogen peroxide and, therefore, 29% nitrogen and 15.2-18.0% active oxygen.

The aim of this invention is to obtain an agrochemical having both the properties of a nitrogen fertilizer and a preparation for protecting plants from pathogens, as well as against cyst-forming potato and gall nematodes.

This is achieved by the use of urea peroxyhydrate as a nitrogen-oxygen fertilizer with nematicidal and fungicidal properties.

Urea peroxyhydrate can be used for root and / or foliar top dressing of plants and is used in the technological processes of cultivating potatoes, vegetables (cabbage, cucumber, tomatoes, radishes, etc.), cereals and legumes (barley, wheat, corn, rape, clover, flax , soybeans, beans, etc.), fruit and berry crops, as well as ornamental and indoor plants in horticulture, floriculture, forestry and home gardens, including the processing of seeds, seedlings, cuttings, seedlings of the above plants during training landing m material.

Known drugs that improve the physical, biological and agrotechnical indicators of soils that change the pH of the soil when making calcareous and gypsum-like materials (6), substances nitrofication (7), calcium-oxygen-containing preparation - percalcite (8). However, most of them are impractical to use on alkaline soils.

The proposed drug can be used on any, and in terms of pH, types of soil.

Below are the test data for urea peroxyhydrate (9).

The influence of PGM on the biological activity and soil fertility was carried out under thermostated conditions of an artificial climate laboratory.

Samples of sod-podzolic soil (Moscow Region, Odintsovo, VNIIF experimental field, pH _soda 5.6, humus 2.5%) were treated with PGM at the rate of 2000 kg / ha.

Example 1. Soil samples in an amount of 2 kg in triplicate were placed in plastic bags and kept for 2 months in a thermostat at a temperature of 20 ° C and a humidity of 60% of PV. At intervals of 7 days, the soil in packages was brought with distilled water to the required humidity (60% of PV), thoroughly mixed and again placed in a thermostat at a temperature of 20 ° C. After 2 months, the total level was determined in soil samples treated and not treated with PHM microbiological activity in respiration of the soil associated with the absorption of oxygen by the method of B. N. Makarov (10) and its nitrogen-fixing activity by the method of Kasparov S.V. (eleven). The biological activity of a sample of sod-podzolic soil treated with PGM at a dose of 2000 kg / ha is significantly higher than the control sample of this soil (Table 1)

The reason for the increase in the total biological activity of the treated PGM sod-podzolic soil is obviously both a change in the reaction of the soil solution towards neutral and the influence of oxygen released from the preparation, which favorably affects the life of the microflora of the soil and, primarily, the bacterial flora and tinomycetes.

Example 2. Treated PGM soil samples were placed in waxed paper cups with a capacity of 600 g of soil and the test plants were seeded. The repetition of the experiment is 5-fold for each plant species, respectively, in the experimental and control variants. Oat, corn and cucumbers were used as test plants. Test plants were grown under controlled conditions — air humidity in the chamber 70%, day duration 16 hours, nights 8 hours, daylight illumination 20 thousand lux, daytime temperature 25 ° С, night time –16 ° С; soil moisture was maintained at 60% of PV by daily irrigation by weight of each vegetation vessel with tap water. After 28 days, the aerial mass of test plants was cut and weighed. The level of fertility in the experimental soil sample treated with PHM was judged by the weight of the aboveground organs of the test plants in comparison with the control variant (without PHM).

The results of changes in the fertility of sod-podzolic soil during processing of PHM are presented in table 2.

According to the obtained data, the treatment of sod-podzolic soil with PGM at a dose of 2000 kg / ha positively affects the growth of the studied test plants and increases their biomass by 20-38% compared with untreated PGM control.

The nematicidal activity of PGM in relation to the golden potato nematode and the effect on the growth and yield of potatoes were determined under laboratory-vegetative and small-field experiments.

Example 3. For 1.0 kg of infected potato nematode, soil samples (10 cysts) were placed in 1.5 l vegetation vessels, then PGM was added to them in doses of 50, 100, 200 g / m ² . The contents of the vessels were mixed, watered with water, and after 3 days, they planted one tuber of potato of the susceptible cultivar Romano and nematodes resistant varieties Sante.

For 60 days, the plants were kept at a temperature of 20-28 ° C and watered with water at intervals of 7 days to maintain 60% humidity from PV.

The control was a soil sample with Romano potatoes infected with a nematode (10 cysts).

The experiment was repeated three times.

The test results are shown in table.3.

Example 4. For 4 months (May-September 2002) on a plot of 50 m ^{2 of the} natural focus of potato nematode with initial infection of 15 cysts per 1000 cm ³ (Aparikha village, Ramensky district, Moscow region), PGM was used under the conditions given in table.4.

Urea and PGM were distributed evenly over the soil surface and were shoveled to a depth of 10-15 cm. A nematode-resistant variety of Rikea potatoes was then planted. PGM was also introduced into the soil in an aqueous solution of 50 and 100 g / m ² for potato seedlings.

The experiment was repeated three times.

The control was soil without treatment with PGM, and the standard was urea at a dose of 50 g / m ² . During the growing season, a set of agrotechnical measures recommended for this zone was carried out at the site.

The test results are shown in table 4.

From the test results (examples 3, 4) it follows that PGM in all doses reduces the number of cysts on the roots of plants and in the soil. When introducing the drug at a dose of 200 g / m ² in combination with the nematode tolerant variety Sante (Table 3), the development of invasion in the soil is completely suppressed. The drug in doses of 100 and 200 g / m ² with a susceptible cultivar Romano reduces the formation of new cysts by up to 50% compared with the control.

The absence of phytotoxic effect of PHM and an increase in the mass of the terrestrial part of plants and potato yields were noted. The nematicidal activity of PGM in relation to gall nematodes was established under the conditions of a growing experiment in a greenhouse for 90 days.

Example 5. Samples of infected soil with an invasive load of 310 eggs and larvae per 100 cm ³ were placed in the vegetation vessels with a volume of 3.5 kg

The repetition of the experiment is fivefold.

The test object was the southern gall nematode and cucumbers of the Nadezhny variety of the NIIOKh selection.

The biological activity of PGM at a rate of consumption of 100 g / m ² with respect to gall nematodes was 44%.

The test results are presented in table 5.

The fungicidal activity of PGM was studied on pure cultures in vitro and on cucumbers affected by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cuchoraccarum).

Example 6. PGM was added to Chanek agar before being bottled in Petri dishes. On the seventh day of fungal growth, the diameter of their colonies was measured. Three repetitions.

The results are shown in table 6.

Example 7. The influence of PGM on cucumbers affected by powdery mildew, against the background of the onset of the development of the disease, was carried out in the greenhouse ALO “Nazaryevo” (Moscow region, Odintsovo district).

The drug was tested on an area of 150 m ² for each option. The treatment was carried out by spraying plants with freshly prepared working solution until the leaves were completely wetted. The results were determined by the presence of coating of the leaf surface with fungal colonies, as well as by measurements of the colonies on the leaves (10 leaves in each variant) before and 7 days after spraying with a PGM solution.

The test results are shown in table 7.

PGM has fungicidal activity. The concentration of 0.1% is relatively weak in vitro.

The effectiveness of the use of PGM for foliar top dressing of plants was tested on decorative rocked cabbage, echinocia and indoor flowers, etc.

Example 8

Sowing cabbage seeds was carried out on 04.16.02 in an unheated greenhouse, the soil was covered with a film, seedlings were sown in the soil on 05.24.02. The area of the accounting plot is 2 m ² . The experiment was repeated three times.

In the experiment used a 0.25% aqueous solution of PGM. Control is water. The treatment of cabbage was carried out three times, pouring from a watering can of 2 l / m ² : 06.25.02, 07.15.02 and 08.10.02.

Traditional agricultural machinery; weeding, loosening, hilling and watering. Harvesting cabbage was carried out on 09.25.02.

The results are presented in table 8.

Sources of information

1. A large encyclopedic dictionary. “Chemistry”, M., 1998, p. 603.

2. List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in the Russian Federation. Appendix to the journal “Protection and Quarantine of Plants”, No. 6, 2002, p. 295, 306.

3. Chemical encyclopedic dictionary. Ch. ed. I.L. Knunyants. M .: Sov. encyclopedia. 1983, p. 104.

4. V.V. Buyanov, V.P. Nikolskaya et al. Peroxosolvates in disinfectology. SSC GosNII biological instrumentation. Chernogolovka, 2000, p. 45-56.

5. M.D. Mashkovsky. Medicines M., “Medicine”, part II, p.390.

6. A.A. Kirpenko. The use of lime fertilizers. M., Rosselkhozizdat, 1972

7. N.G. Bondarenko. Abstract. thesis. for the Ph.D. “The microbiological state of sod-podzolic soil using mineral fertilizers and lime.” M., 1980

8. RU 2159266, cl. From 09 to 17/06, 11/20/2000

9. OJSC “Synthesis” (Dzerzhinsky, Nizhny Novgorod region). Urea monoperoxyhydrate. TU 2136-111-25556678-2001.

Khimprom OJSC (Novocheboksarsk). Urea peroxyhydrate technical. TU 6-08-64691277-186-97.

10. B.N. Makarov. Agrochemical methods of soil research. M. Science. 1975, S.331-339.

11. S.V. Kasparov et al. Herald Mosk. un-that. Ser. Soil Science, 1987, No. 2, p. 36.

Table 1 The biological activity of sod-podzolic soil treated with PGM in a dose of 2000 kg / ha Experience option pH salt Soil respiration (oxygen absorption by the soil, mg / 100 g of soil) Nitrogen-fixing activity, mg / kg / h 1. Soil treated with PGM in a dose of 2000 kg / ha 6.2

2. A control sample of soil not treated with PGM 5,6

table 2 The influence of PGM on the fertility of sod-podzolic soil (VIC, VNIIF, 2001) Experience option The mass of test plants,% to control oats corn cucumbers 1. Soil treated with PGM in a dose of 2000 kg / ha

2. A control sample of soil not treated with PGM 100 100 100

Table 3 The effect of PGM on the viability of potato nematode cysts and plant development Experience Options The average amount of invasion in 100 cm ³ soil, pcs. The average number of newly formed cysts, pcs. Biometric indicators of plant growth and development cyst eggs and larvae the average number of stems in the bush, pcs. the average height of the stems, cm the mass of the aboveground part, g source after 60 days Variety Romano (susceptible) Control (b / drug) 10 34 0.9 112 2.0 30,0 30.7 PGM, 50 g / m ² 10 34 0.6 91 2.0 40.5 40.8 PGM, 100 g / m ² 10 34 0.8 49 5,0 31.6 44.8 PGM, 200 g / m ² 10 34 0.7 53 3.0 26.0 46.8 Sante grade (steady) PGM, 100 g / m ² 10 34 0 2 4,5 41.6 66.5 PGM, 200 g / m ² 10 34 0.6 0 4.0 40.9 69.6

Table 4 The effect of doses and methods of introducing PGM and urea on the invasion of potato nematode and the development of potato plants (Rikea variety) Experience Options Dates and methods of making drugs Contamination of the soil (live eggs and larvae in 100 cm ³ ), pcs. Biological effectiveness of drugs,% Biometric indicators of plant growth and development in spring in the fall number of stems plant height, cm productivity, t / ha Control (no processing) 1890 903 52,2 2.2 46.0 14.8 Urea 50 g / m ² when landing 1200 536 55.3 3.4 65.3 18.3 PGM 50 g / m ² when landing 1107 551 55.8 3.8 65.0 19.1 PGM 78 g / m ² when landing 903 262 61.0 3.9 69.0 20.3 PGM 100 g / m ² when landing 1926 223 88.4 3.8 71.6 22.7 PGM 156 g / m ² when landing 1926 215 90,4 3.9 74.0 24.3 PGM aqueous solution 50 g / m ² seedlings 1715 664 61.3 3.9 69.0 20.3 PGM aqueous solution 100 g / m ² seedlings 817 63 92.3 4.1 76.0 22.6

Table 5 Biological effectiveness of PGM in the fight against southern gall nematode on cucumbers Experience option The dose of the drug, g / m ² The mass of plants, g Contamination, gall / plant Biological efficiency,% Control (b / processing) - 139.4 357.6 - PGM 100 155.2 199.0 44.3 Vidat (standard) 5 162.0 110.8 69.0

Table 6 The growth of phytopathogenic fungi on a nutrient medium with different concentrations of PGM Phytopathogenic fungi The diameter of the colonies on a medium with different concentrations of PGM, cm Control (without drug) 0.1% 0.5% 1,0% Fusarium oxysporum 5.5 5.5 2.1 0 Botrytis cinerea 6.2 4.3 1,0 0 Bipolaris sorokiniana 3,1 2,8 0.8 0.5 Table 7 The effectiveness of the suppression of powdery mildew of cucumber PGM The concentration of the aqueous solution The distribution of fungal colonies on the surface of the leaves,% Before processing In 7 days Leaf condition Control (water) 4.2 22 0.1% 4.3 8 Without changes 0.5% 3,5 eleven Minor burns 1,0 4.1 nine Weak chlorosis and burns Table 8 The effect of foliar dressing PGM decorative cabbage Option Plant height, cm Diameter of the leaf outlet, cm Stem diameter, cm Mass of the socket, kg Control (no processing) 38 16 1,5 1.26 The solution of the drug, 0.2% 74 36 2,5 1.89

Claims (1)

The use of urea peroxyhydrate as a nitrogen-oxygen fertilizer with nematicidal and fungicidal properties.