RU225055U1 - BOILER WITH DUST COAL BURNER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the organization of combustion of solid fuels, including low-grade ones, and can be used in furnaces and boiler furnaces, and can increase efficiency and improve environmental performance.

The technical result is an increase in the thermal efficiency of the boiler due to improved heat absorption from the flue gases by the liquid coolant. Increasing energy efficiency leads to improved environmental friendliness as the amount of fuel is reduced. An additional result is improved slag removal conditions and an increase in the period between slag cleaning activities, which additionally leads to an increase in operating time and an additional increase in overall energy efficiency. The technical result is achieved by the fact that a boiler with a pulverized coal burner containing a combustion chamber with a gas outlet window located in the upper part of the rear wall of the firebox, and a burner with a slag removal system located in the lower part of the combustion chamber, as well as two boiler (heat exchange) blocks pipes, sequentially located behind the rear wall of the furnace, with a partition with a window between the first and second blocks, is characterized by the fact that it contains an additional third block of boiling pipes installed behind the second block, as well as an additional partition with a window between the second and third blocks, and the window between the first and second blocks is located in the lower part of the corresponding partition, the window between the second and third blocks is located in the upper part of the corresponding partition.

Description

The utility model relates to the organization of combustion of solid fuels, including low-grade ones, and can be used in furnaces and boiler furnaces, and can increase efficiency and improve environmental performance.

The known “Boiler with a double pulverized coal burner with air control located on top” CN 204176635 [2], including a furnace body, an ash pan, the first partition is located in the upper part of the furnace body, the exhaust gas chamber is equipped with a second partition at the bottom.

The disadvantages of the device include low efficiency, due to the fact that part of the exhaust gases does not participate in heat transfer, passing by the heat exchanger.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is the “Vortex chamber furnace” RU 2158877 [1], containing a combustion chamber with a gas outlet window located in the upper part of the rear wall of the furnace and a burner, with a slag removal system located in the lower part of the combustion chamber, as well as blocks of boiling pipes located behind the rear wall of the firebox, with partitions between the blocks; the partitions have windows.

The known solution is more efficient, since all flue gases pass through two heat exchangers.

The disadvantage of the known solution is insufficient efficiency, since not all the thermal energy is absorbed by two blocks of boiling pipes. Low efficiency is also determined by the non-laminar movement of flue gases through blocks of boiling pipes, since when the flue gases turn in the flow plane, uneven pressure is created in different areas - in shorter sections the flue gases move faster, in long sections the movement of the flue gases is slower. A disadvantage is also the increased fallout of ash in the heat exchanger, on the lower part of the heat exchanger, in a hard-to-reach place. Increased slagging of the heat exchanger leads to a decrease in the period between cleaning the heat exchanger, an increase in cleaning time in general, which reduces the overall energy efficiency of the boiler.

The technical result is an increase in the thermal efficiency of the boiler due to improved heat absorption from the flue gases by the liquid coolant. Increasing energy efficiency leads to improved environmental friendliness as the amount of fuel is reduced. An additional result is improved slag removal conditions and an increase in the period between slag cleaning activities, which additionally leads to an increase in operating time and an additional increase in overall energy efficiency.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a boiler with a pulverized coal burner containing a combustion chamber with a gas outlet window located in the upper part of the rear wall of the furnace and a burner, with a slag removal system located in the lower part of the combustion chamber, as well as two blocks of boiling (heat exchange) pipes , sequentially located behind the rear wall of the furnace, with a partition with a window between the first and second blocks, is characterized by the fact that it contains an additional third block of boiling pipes installed behind the second block, as well as an additional partition with a window between the second and third blocks, and the window between the first and second blocks are located in the lower part of the corresponding partition, the window between the second and third blocks is located in the upper part of the corresponding partition.

Implementation:

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the boiler; Fig. 2 transverse horizontal section, where:

1 - pulverized coal burner;

2 - combustion volume;

3 - front screen;

4 - left side screen;

5 - right side screen;

6 - rear screen;

7 - first convective beam of the boiler (KP-1) along the flue gases;

8 - second convective beam of the boiler (KP-2) along the flue gases;

9 - third convective beam of the boiler (KP-3) along the flue gases;

10 - partition between KP-1 and KP-2;

11 - partition between KP-2 and KP-3;

12 - insulation and casing of the boiler;

13 - bunkers for ash in the combustion chamber;

14 - ash bunker in the convective part of the boiler;

15 - flue gas outlet.

The device operates as follows:

The fuel supplied to the bullet-coal burner 1, where air is also supplied, burns in the combustion volume 2. Front screen 3, left and right side screens 4 and 5, rear screen 6 allow you to use part of the heat from the firebox. Blocks of boiling tubes are designed as convective bundles (CB). The first convective beam (KP-1) 2 is installed immediately behind the rear screen. Further along the flow of gases, a second convective beam (KP-2) 8 is installed, then a third convective beam (KP-3) 9. The flow of gases through KP1 from top to bottom is formed by a gas outlet window located at the top and a partition with a window located at the bottom of the partition between KP-1 and KP-2 indicated by position 10. The partition between KP-2 and KP-3 with the upper window is indicated by position 11. Through KP-2, gases flow from bottom to top. Passing through the upper window of the partition 11, the gases go from top to bottom through KP-3 to the exit. The flue gas outlet is indicated by position 15. The ash deposited from the gas flow at the boiler outlet is removed by the smoke removal system, where the smoke from the boiler enters. The insulation and casing of the boiler is shown in position 12. Ash from the combustion volume is collected in hopper 13. Ash carried away by flue gases is collected in an ash hopper in the convective part of the boiler 14.

The use of flag-type heat exchangers will increase the speed of heat exchanger replacement, which will reduce downtime and further increase efficiency over the operating cycle.

In KP-1, flue gas velocities are structurally higher than in KP-2. When ash particles exit KP-1, their speed is dampened by sudden expansion. The lower speed in KP-2 does not contribute to the entrainment of particles deposited in the ash hopper in the convective part of the boiler. Improving the ash removal system from the convective (heat exchange) part of the boiler will further increase energy efficiency due to improved heat exchange conditions in general.

Insulating the boiler overall will increase efficiency by reducing heat loss.

The presence of cladding with a profiled sheet will further increase the efficiency of the boiler by improving the operating conditions of the thermal insulation and reducing the likelihood of damage to the thermal insulation.

The water speed in the pipes is in the range of 1 - 1.5 m/s. At this speed, the hydraulic resistance of the boiler is optimal (insignificant), which helps reduce energy costs for boiler pumps and further increases the energy efficiency of the boiler.

The speed of flue gases in convective heating surfaces (6 - 8 m/s) is selected in such a way as to minimize abrasive wear of heating surfaces, which increases the service life of the boiler, reduces replacement time and generally increases the efficiency of the boiler.

The firebox is made of pipes (51x4.0 with a pitch of 80 - 90 mm (for various modifications of the boiler). The screens are gas-tight. The optimal width of the gas-tight plate is 30 - 40 mm (with the specified width, critical overheating does not occur). These parameters further increase energy efficiency boiler

The technical result is an increase in the thermal efficiency (energy efficiency) of the boiler due to improved heat absorption from the flue gases by the liquid coolant, no need for a rotating chamber, since the overall flat flow does not change the direction of its plane - changes in direction occur in directions perpendicular to the plane of the flow. The absence of rotation in the flow plane ensures the uniformity of the flow and the absence of zones with low flow speed, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of heat exchange of flue gases with the liquid coolant. Increasing energy efficiency leads to improved environmental friendliness as the amount of fuel is reduced.

Improving the conditions for slag removal and increasing the period between slag cleaning activities is achieved by the fact that when flue gases move “from top to bottom” and “from bottom to top,” dust and small ash particles settle in the ash bunker in the convective part of the boiler, which makes it easy to remove, unlike the closest analogue, where such dust falls on the lower drum, from where it is difficult to remove, especially when the dust sinteres, which causes “slaging” of the heat exchanger.

Industrial applicability. The proposed boiler can be manufactured using known technologies.

Claims (5)

1. A boiler with a pulverized coal burner, containing a combustion chamber with a gas outlet window located in the upper part of the rear wall of the furnace, and a burner with a slag removal system located in the lower part of the combustion chamber, as well as two blocks of boiling pipes located in series behind the rear wall firebox, with a partition with a window between the first and second blocks, characterized in that it contains an additional third block of boiling pipes installed behind the second block, as well as an additional partition with a window between the second and third blocks, and the window between the first and second block is located in the lower part of the corresponding partition, the window between the second and third blocks is located in the upper part of the corresponding partition. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that flag-type heat exchangers are installed in the boiling tube blocks. 3. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional ash removal system is installed under the first two blocks. 4. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains lightweight thermal insulation. 5. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains lining with a profiled sheet.