RU2250188C1 - Loose material hopper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction and other industries.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for storing and dispensing of difficultly flowing materials, for instance, crushed chalk, tending to caking and formation of bridges. Proposed hopper contains housing, horizontal shaft installed in housing and equipped with symmetrical projections with spherical surface and provided with disks hinge-mounted on projections by means of split holders. Shaft with inclined disks is provided with axial displacement mechanism enclosed in housing. Shaft is connected with outlet guide of axial displacement mechanism mechanically coupled with pin of plane pinion whose shaft is hinge-connected with carrier. Planet pinion is in meshing with fixed gear wheel, and carrier is secured by one end in bearing support of housing, and by other end is coupled through connecting rod with crank secured on end of drive shaft of axial displacement mechanism of bridge breaker. Crank is displacement relative to axle of carrier. Owing to the fact that outlet guide is mechanically coupled with pin of planet pinion which is hinge-connected with carrier and fixed gear wheel, movement of inclined disks with continuous change of translational and angular velocities is provided which intensifies process of bridge breaking.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability in operation.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for storage and subsequent issuance of bulk materials, such as ground chalk, prone to caking and arching, and can find application in the construction and other sectors of the economy.

A bunker device for bulk materials is known, comprising a housing and a horizontal shaft mounted in its walls, equipped with a shredder made in the form of disks on the surface of which there are curly tides (German Patent No. 949936, class 81 e 136, published 1956).

However, such a bunker device provides a limited collapse zone.

Also known is a hopper for bulk materials, comprising a housing and a mechanism for collapse, including a horizontal shaft with disks mounted on it with holes (German Patent No. 700090, class 81 e 136, published. 1940).

In this device, the loosening zone of the material is expanded. However, due to the fact that the arch breaker is installed near the wall of the body, its effect on the arch is of local importance.

Known bunker for bulk materials containing a housing and a collapse mechanism located in it, including a horizontal drive shaft with slanted discs, adjacent of which are tilted towards one another (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1155512, class B 65 D 88/68, 1983 )

This technical solution of the hopper for bulk materials is aimed at increasing the efficiency of collapse.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed one is a hopper for bulk materials, comprising a housing and a collapse mechanism placed therein, including a horizontal drive shaft with obliquely mounted discs, the shaft being provided with protrusions symmetrically arranged relative to the axis with a spherical surface, and the disks are mounted on the protrusions pivotally by means of detachable clips (ed. USSR certificate No. 1597328, class B 65 D 88/68, 1988).

This technical solution of the hopper for bulk materials is aimed at increasing the process of collapse due to changes in the angle of inclination of the disks during rotation,

However, the structural design of the collapse mechanism predetermines a limited range of changes in the angle of inclination of the disks to the shaft axis and is deeply dependent on the natural change in the resistance to the disks from the side of the overloaded material, which is not the best possible condition for intensification of collapse.

The objective of the invention is to increase the intensification of the process of collapse due to the formation of the kinematics of the movement of the mechanism of collapse and the force field of the action of its elements - inclined disks on the overloaded material with an in-cycle change in angular velocity.

This object is achieved in that in a hopper for bulk materials containing a housing and a collapse mechanism located therein, including a horizontal drive shaft with obliquely mounted discs, the horizontal shaft provided with protrusions symmetrically spaced relative to the axis with a spherical surface, and the disks are pivotally mounted on the protrusions detachable clips, according to the invention, a horizontal shaft with inclined mounted disks is equipped with a mechanism for its axial movement, made in in the form of a satellite with a finger, a fixed gear wheel with a carrier, a crank rigidly fixed to the end of the drive shaft, and a lead fixed to the horizontal shaft from the side of the drive, while the lead is kinematically connected to the satellite finger, the shaft of which is pivotally connected to the carrier, the satellite is mounted with the possibility of engagement with a fixed gear wheel, the carrier is fixed at one end to the support of the housing, and the other is connected through a connecting rod with a crank placed with an offset relative to the axis of the carrier.

In Fig.1 shows a hopper for bulk materials, a General view; figure 2 - node I in figure 1 (the position of the disks during operation).

The bunker for bulk materials contains a truncated cone-shaped housing 1 and a collapse mechanism placed therein, including a horizontal drive shaft 2, provided with protrusions 3 with a spherical surface symmetrically arranged about its axis, and disks 4, while the disks are pivotally mounted on the protrusions 4 by means of detachable clips 5. The clips 5 are fixed to the shaft protrusions by means of segment keys 6. On the spherical surface of the projections of the shaft 2 there are rotation limiters 7.

The horizontal shaft 2 with mounted disks 4 on the drive side is equipped with a mechanism for its axial movement, which is enclosed in a housing. The shaft 2 of the shaft breaker is connected to the output lead 8 of the axial movement mechanism, kinematically connected to the pin 9 of the satellite 10, the shaft of which is pivotally connected to the carrier 11. The satellite 10 is meshed with the stationary gear wheel 12, and the carrier 11 is fixed at one end in the bearing support of the housing, the other is connected through a connecting rod 13 with a crank 14 mounted on the end of the drive shaft of the axial displacement mechanism of the shaft breaker. The crank 14 is offset relative to the axis of the carrier 11.

Holes may be formed in the discs 3. The cross section of each hole provides material throughput.

Depending on the physicomechanical properties of a particular bulk material, the shape and height of the hopper, several shredders can be mounted in the latter.

The device operates as follows.

Material loaded through the upper part of the hopper using a conveyor (not shown) or in any other way, in the initial period, the demolisher passes unhindered and is poured through the unloading window. As the layer of material loaded into the hopper increases, its compaction and arch formation occurs.

Upon termination of the flow of material from the hopper, which indicates the formation of the arch, include a drive (not shown). In the operating mode of collapse, uniform rotation from the drive gear 15 is transmitted to the crank 14, which, rotating around its axis, transmits the movement to the connecting rod 13, the carrier 11 connected to it and the satellite 10, which rotates simultaneously with this carrier around its axis as a result of interaction with a fixed gear wheel 12. Due to the fact that the length of the crank 14 is not equal to the length of the carrier 11, the angular velocity of the carrier 11 is not constant in time. In this case, the pin 9 of the satellite 10 describes a complex trajectory, which is characterized by an uneven speed of its rotational and translational movements relative to the axis of the fixed wheel 12. The fingers 9 transmit the total complex uneven movement through the output lead 8 to the horizontal shaft 2 with pivotally mounted discs 4. Thus, during rotation horizontal shaft 2 disks 4 demolition drive are driven in complex motion with variable angular and horizontal linear accelerations within one cycle.

Due to the fact that the material, as it enters the hopper, is sealed unevenly throughout the volume, and the disks 4 are mounted on the shaft pivotally, when rotating, different parts of the disks act by forces of different magnitude and direction, and cause each disk to move along a complex path, continuously changing the angle of inclination to the axis of the shaft, and the change in the angle of inclination of the discs occurs both in one and in the other direction from the vertical axis. Since the disks make a complex movement with variable angular and horizontal linear accelerations within one cycle during one revolution of the shaft, in addition, from the side of the inclined surfaces of each of the disks, a multicomponent spectrum of force action on the compacted or packed material in the arch formation zone is formed, which, in turn, contributes to the creation and development of volumetric shear deformations in the structurally-aggregate state of the material. In this case, the shear nature of the movement of the demolition caster and the geometric contact conditions of the inclined disks with the bulk mass of caked material in a wide range of amplitude-frequency and frequency-force characteristics lead to the effective destruction of stable bonds between the material particles and the collapse of the resulting arch in the conical part of the hopper.

Due to the fact that adjacent disks 4 of the demolition cantilever are inclined towards each other and form cavities close to the shape of the funnel, they rotate the arch, loosen the material, grab it in portions and scatter inside the hopper during circular rotation and cyclic axial movement of the arch demolisher, increasing the rate of rash through the unloading window.

A cyclically repeating process of shaft movement with variable angular and horizontal accelerations is the prerequisite for the effective operation of the shredder with disks pivotally mounted on the shaft, since the structural-kinematic scheme of the movement of the latter provides a multiple change in the dynamic vector of each of the disks with end and inclined surfaces on the mass of compacted or packed material in various periodically changing directions in a short period of time, which, in turn, allows in the best possible mode to carry out the technological process of collapse, i.e. more efficient than the known technical solution adopted for the prototype.

Claims (1)

A hopper for bulk materials, comprising a housing and a collapse mechanism located therein, including a horizontal drive shaft with obliquely mounted discs, the horizontal shaft provided with protrusions with a spherical surface symmetrically positioned relative to the axis, and the disks mounted on the protrusions pivotally by means of detachable clips, characterized in that the horizontal shaft with obliquely mounted disks is equipped with a mechanism of its axial movement, made in the form of a satellite placed in the housing with face, a fixed gear wheel with a carrier, a crank rigidly fixed to the end of the drive shaft, and a lead fixed to the horizontal shaft from the side of the drive, while the lead is kinematically connected to the satellite pin, the shaft of which is pivotally connected to the carrier, the satellite is mounted with the possibility of engagement with a fixed gear wheel, the carrier was fixed at one end in the body support, and connected to the crank with a crank placed with an offset relative to the axis of the carrier.

Images