RU2249708C1 - Exhaust gas system of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed exhaust gas system contains cylinder head, manifold, fasteners by means of which manifold is secured to cylinder head and at least two load-baring members made square to plane of manifold-to-cylinder head connection taking up load caused by thermal deformations of manifold directed parallel to plane of connection of manifold and cylinder head. Additional load-bearing member can be made both in cylinder head and in manifold. Proposed exhaust gas system using simple in design and easy to made load-bearing members makes it possible to limit deformation of manifold, thus preventing violation of tightness of manifold-to-cylinder head joint and unload fastening parts.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability in operation.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in engine building.

It is known that the temperature of the exhaust gases in the exhaust system of internal combustion engines reaches 980 ° C. In the case of manufacturing an exhaust manifold of cast iron (usually it is made of gray cast iron with plate graphite, which are not heat-resistant), the following is observed. Parts made of cast iron operating at high temperatures are characterized by an irreversible increase in size (volume). For castings with a wall thickness of less than 12 mm, an exposure of 1 ... 2 hours at 980 ° C causes a size increase of up to 1%, with a wall thickness of more than 12 mm - up to 0.5%. Growth is irreversible and is a consequence of changes in the microstructure of cast iron (Materials in mechanical engineering. Selection and application. T.4. Cast iron. Coll. Authors edited by A. Zhukov and A. Sherman M .: Engineering. 1969. P.123 , 202, 205, 215).

The deformation of the collector associated with high temperature (hereinafter referred to as the deformation of the collector) leads to warping of the plane of the collector, along which it connects to the cylinder head. In addition, when the deformation of the collector increases the load on the fasteners, which helps to weaken the tightening, and often the destruction of the fasteners.

The deformation of the collector and the weakening of the tightening leads to a violation of the tightness of the connection of the collector and cylinder head. The air entering the exhaust system of the engine due to leaks in the connection is the cause of unstable operation of the engine at idle and the non-calculated mode of operation of the oxygen sensor used to control the engine.

There is a known exhaust gas system in which the exhaust manifold is cast from cast iron and, through four steel gaskets, is attached with eight studs to the cylinder head (GAZ-3110 Volga automobile. Device, operating features and repair manual for ZMZ 4062.10, 402.10, 4021.10. M engines .: LLC Atlases of automobiles, 2000. Page 21).

Also known is the exhaust system, in which the inlet and outlet pipes are made of cast iron in the form of one common or two separate castings. For a number of engines (for example, ZIL-130, GAZ-53), the intake pipes are cast from an aluminum alloy. The outlet flanges on the asbestos gasket are the flanges of the nozzles, and the inlet pipes on the paronite are connected to the crankcase or cylinder head with the help of studs and nuts. (Gurevach A.M., Sorokin E.M. Tractors and automobiles. - Ed. 4th, revised and enlarged. - M.: Kolos, 1979. P. 120.).

These exhaust systems have the following disadvantages.

The deformation of the collector is restrained only by the mounting details. At the same time, the load is acted upon by the load directed perpendicularly to the connection plane and parallel to it. Additional load on the mounting parts from deformation of the collector leads to a weakening of the tightening, as a result of which the tightness of the connection is violated.

In addition, deformation of the collector leads to a decrease in the gap between the mounting studs and the holes of the collector. The lack of clearance increases the load on the studs and fastening nuts, which contributes to their destruction.

In the case of joint fixing of the collector and the inlet pipe, the force on the inlet pipe from the deformation of the collector is the cause leading to leaks in the connection between the cylinder head and the inlet pipe.

The objective of the invention is the elimination of leaks in the connection and the reduction of loads on the mounting parts arising from deformation of the collector.

This is achieved by the fact that the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder head, a manifold, fasteners by means of which the collector is attached to the cylinder head, additionally contains at least two power elements that absorb the load from the deformation of the collector, parallel to the connection plane of the collector and cylinder heads, and the power elements are perpendicular to the plane of connection of the manifold and cylinder head.

Power elements can be placed both on the cylinder head and on the exhaust manifold.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the exhaust system with power elements made on the cylinder head.

Figure 2 shows the exhaust system with power elements made on the manifold.

The exhaust system includes a cylinder head 1, a manifold 2, fasteners 3, which can be used as bolts or studs with nuts, a gasket 4 through which the manifold 2 is attached to the cylinder head 1, as well as power elements 5. By means of fasteners the manifold 2 is attached to the cylinder head 1.

The exhaust system works as follows.

The collector 2, as a rule, has a different wall thickness, and also heats unevenly during operation. Therefore, a change in size (volume) due to a change in the microstructure of cast iron under the influence of high temperatures leads to irreversible deformation of the collector 2. In addition, the collector 2 fixed to the cylinder head 1 deforms from expansion when heated to operating temperature.

Power elements 5, made in the cylinder head 1 or in the collector 2 perpendicular to the plane of connection of the collector 2 and the cylinder head 1, limit the deformation of the collector 2 and perceive the load directed parallel to the plane of the connection. In this case, the fasteners 3 only perceive the load directed perpendicular to the plane of connection of the collector 2 and the cylinder head 1. Thus, the plane of the collector 2 is maintained, along which it connects to the cylinder head 1, and the fasteners are unloaded from loads directed parallel to the plane of the collector connection 2 and cylinder heads 1.

The proposed exhaust system allows, having simple in design and manufacturing power elements, to limit the deformation of the collector, thereby eliminating the violation of the tightness of the connection of the collector and cylinder head, as well as unload the mounting parts.

Claims (3)

1. The exhaust system of an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head, a manifold, fasteners by means of which the collector is attached to the cylinder head, characterized in that it further comprises at least two power elements that absorb the load from the thermal deformation of the manifold, parallel to the plane the connection of the collector and cylinder head, and the power elements are perpendicular to the plane of the connection of the collector and cylinder head. 2. The exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that the power elements are made on the cylinder head. 3. The exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that the power elements are made on the manifold.

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