RU2249124C1 - Combination method of locomotive diesel engine electric starting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport; locomotive diesel engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention provides 100% use of energy of one or more capacitor gangs, reduction of magnetic flux at starting and increase of torque. For this purpose in locomotive diesel engine starting system implementing proposed combination method of electric starting contains starter-generator, generator-exciter mechanically coupled with shaft of armature of starter-generator and parallel-connected power supply sources in form of standard storage battery and capacitor gangs, and also device to control starting and sequence of connection of capacitor gangs. Aline with standard method of diesel engine starting from storage battery, provision is made for separate excitation of generator-exciter from storage battery and connection of its armature circuit to one of capacitor gangs. Moreover, in 2-3 sec after initial moment of starting, connection of separate winding of starter-generator to second capacitor gangs is provided. In process of diesel engine starting, capacitor gangs are disconnected from storage battery. In process of diesel engine starting disconnection of potentials of capacitor gangs and their connection to armature circuit of generator exciter and to separate winding of starter-generator and, after starting of diesel engine, connection of potentials of capacitor gangs to storage battery is provided by interlocking starting contactors.

EFFECT: provision of faultless starting of locomotive diesel engines.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to systems that ensure the operation of internal combustion engines, and in particular to methods that ensure the reliability of starting diesel diesel engines, especially in the cold season.

Known systems for electric start-up of internal combustion engines contain a storage battery (AB) connected in parallel through a semiconductor valve to one or a group of sections of capacitor units (KB), control devices for starting and controlling the sequence of connecting KB units to the starter or to the starter-generator [1, 2 , 3].

The main disadvantages of the known systems of electric starter starting are: oversaturation of the poles and overheating of the starter windings at the initial moments of start-up, and the absence of conditions for the complete transfer of energy from the capacitor block.

Oversaturation of the poles, which depends on the starting current, limits the speed of the starter armature and increases the heating of the starter windings and the loss of electricity.

The incompleteness of the energy transfer from the capacitor block is explained by the fact that, when the KB and AB are connected in parallel, the energy transfer depends on the potential difference between the voltage U _KB and U _AB .

The aim of the present invention is a 100% use of energy from one or more capacitor units, a decrease in magnetic flux at the moments of a starting start, and, at the same time, an increase in torque.

This goal is achieved in a diesel engine start-up system that implements a combined method of electric start-up, according to which the diesel-engine start-up system includes a starter-generator, an exciter-generator kinematically connected to the armature shaft of the starter-generator, and parallel connected power sources in the form of a standard battery and capacitor units, as well as control devices for starting and controlling the sequence of connection of capacitor units. At the same time, along with the standard way to start the diesel engine from the battery, independent excitation of the generator-exciter from the battery and the connection of its anchor circuit to one of the capacitor units are ensured. In addition, after 2-3 seconds from the initial moment of start-up, an independent winding of the starter-generator is connected to the second capacitor block. Capacitor units during the start-up of a diesel engine are galvanically disconnected from the battery. In the process of starting the diesel engine, disconnecting the potentials of the capacitor units and connecting them to the anchor circuit of the generator exciter and to the independent winding of the starter generator and then, after starting the diesel engine, connecting the potentials of the capacitor units to the battery is ensured by blocking the starting contactors.

The purpose of the invention is achieved in that it is possible, in addition to the standard launcher, to use an independent winding of the traction generator, which, together with the launcher, is located on the main poles. The purpose of the present invention is also solved by the possibility of using the energy of the generator-exciter, which is kinematically connected with the anchor of the traction generator and then with the crankshaft of the diesel engine.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a schematic electrical diagram of a diesel engine start system that implements a combined method of electric starting diesel locomotive diesel engines according to the invention.

The combined method of electric start-up operates as follows. In the process of starting the diesel engine, the battery switch R _AB is turned on, the oil system is pumped, and then starting contactors P1 and P2 are automatically connected. From this moment, through the inverse locks P1, the positive potential of the capacitors C1 and C2 is disconnected with the potential AB, the time relay RV is connected, and also through the locks P2 the anchor circuit of the generator exciter of the GV is connected to the common minus, and an independent excitation winding of the NVG is connected from the AB pole. Also, from the moment of connecting P1 and P2, the diesel engine is started according to the standard scheme and its additional twist due to the electric power from the capacitance block C1, which is supplied through the thyristor VS1 to the anchor circuit of the generator-exciter GV (thyristor VS1 opens after connecting the starting contactor P1).

After 2-3 seconds of scrolling the diesel, the RV time relay is activated, and through the direct blocking of the RV, the VS2 thyristor opens. From this moment, additional scrolling is provided due to electric power from the capacitance block C2, which is supplied through the thyristor VS2 to an independent excitation winding of the NG generator, which, as already noted, operates in the starter-generator mode.

Thus, the total torque after 2-3 seconds of diesel scrolling is:

where M _kSG is the torque created by the starter-generator according to the standard scheme;

M _kGV - torque created by the exciter generator from the energy of the capacitor block C1;

;i is the gear ratio of the drive of the generator-exciter

;

M _kNG is the torque created by the starter-generator due to the independent excitation winding of the NG from the energy of the capacitor block C2.

After the diesel engine starts, train contactors are switched off by means of the “Start” return button and then the power supply circuits from the capacitor blocks C1 and C2 are automatically disassembled, and through the blocking P1, diodes VD1 and VD2 and current-limiting resistances R4 and R5, the blocks C1 and C2 are charged .

Possible oversaturation of the main poles of the starter generator when connecting an independent NG winding to the capacitor block C2 is excluded, since the NG connection is carried out with a delay of 2-3 seconds from the moment of regular start-up. Over such a period of time, the speed of the armature of the starter-generator will increase and thereby due to the counter-EMF, the current in the starting winding of the starter-generator will decrease by 30-40%, as already noted, placed at the poles together with an independent one.

The completeness of energy use during the start-up of a diesel engine from C1 and C2 is explained by the fact that the capacitor units are independently connected to energy consumers and thereby complete discharge of the KB.

The effectiveness of the combined method of electric start-up of diesel diesel engines is achieved by providing additional torques during the start-up of the diesel engine and due to 100% energy use from the capacitor units.

The effectiveness of the method is also achieved due to the reliability of start-up, even with unacceptably low battery capacity.

Sources of information:

1. A.S. USSR No. 1455030, class F 02 N 11/08, publ. 01/30/1989.

2. A.S. USSR No. 1739066, class F 02 N 11/08, publ. 06/07/1992.

3. Koshevoy V.A., Kornev A.N. Starting diesel locomotives using pulse capacitors. Lokomotiv, No. 12, 1994, p.29.

Claims (2)

1. A combined method for the electric start-up of diesel diesel engines, comprising a starter-generator, an exciter-generator kinematically connected to the armature shaft of the starter-generator, and parallel-connected power sources in the form of a standard battery and capacitor units, as well as start-up control devices and connection sequence control devices capacitor units, characterized in that, along with the standard method of starting the diesel engine from the battery, they provide independent excitation of the generator alarm from the battery and connecting its anchor circuit to one of the capacitor units, as well as after 2-3 seconds from the initial moment of starting, connecting the independent winding of the starter-generator to the second capacitor unit, which during the start of the diesel engine is galvanically disconnected from the battery. 2. The combined method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process of starting the diesel engine, disconnecting the potentials of the capacitor units and connecting them to the anchor circuit of the generator exciter and to the independent winding of the starter generator and then after starting the diesel engine, connecting the potentials of the capacitor units to the battery is ensured by interlocks of starting contactors P1 and P2.