RU2246814C1 - Apparatus for treatment of seeds with electromagnetic field (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: seed production, in particular, equipment for presowing treatment of seeds of different kinds of farm crops.

SUBSTANCE: according to first and second versions, apparatus has drum mounted for free rotation on rollers disposed in bearings on bed. Axes of rotation of rollers are extending in parallel with axis of rotation of drum. Drum is manufactured from radio wave transmitting material with low loss value, such as polystyrene, and has thickness multiple t_side=λ/2√ε_s. According to first version, end walls of apparatus are manufactured from current conductive material, such as aluminum alloys, or from dielectric material with plated inner surface. Inner surface of drum walls is made ribbed, with height of ribs being multiple λ/4 and width of ribs and rib spacing being substantially lower than λ/2. According to second version, end walls of drum are made from current conductive material. Grid adjoining inner side of each end wall is composed of metal conductors extending in parallel with one another and end surface of drum. Distance from grid to inner end surface of drum is multiple t_e=λ/2√ε_e.

EFFECT: reduced treatment time, increased efficiency and simplified construction.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of seed production and may find application in agricultural enterprises for presowing treatment of seeds of various crops.

Known installations for presowing treatment of seeds, see, for example, SU No. 1787347, BI No. 2, 1993, class. A 01 C 1/00, SU No. 1738117, BI No. 21, class A 01 C 1/00, RU No. 2083072, class A 01C 1/00, containing a source of microwave energy, an irradiator and a moving conveyor belt.

The disadvantage of these devices is that they do not provide the necessary uniformity of seed treatment by the electromagnetic field and have an increased level of electromagnetic field radiation into the surrounding space, which complicates the protection of personnel from the harmful effects of electromagnetic energy.

The prototype of the technical solution is a seed treatment device, patent RU No. 2187920, BI No. 24, 08.28.2002, which contains a drum with a loading hole with a cover on a cylindrical mounted horizontally mounted on two hollow half shafts mounted on a frame in bearings Microwave energy emitter, which is connected to the microwave energy source, is introduced into the drum through one of the axle shafts and pairwise located inside of it by counter-inclined ribs a range connected to the control unit, characterized in that each of the half shafts is made with an axial hole with a diameter less than the wavelength λ of the microwave energy source of the microwave range and is rigidly fixed in the center of one of the side walls of the drum, inside each of the half shafts is installed with the possibility of rotation is a metal throttle sleeve with a length of (2n + 1) λ / 4, where n is an integer having a coaxial ring undercut with a depth of λ / 4 at the outer end of the sleeve and a cylindrical surface coated with a layer of high a high-frequency dielectric, and a microwave line is passed through one of the semi-axes inside the drum, an EHF line is connected through the other, each connected to its own sleeve, at the inner ends of which are emitters of electromagnetic energy of the microwave and microwave ranges, respectively, and the outer ends are connected respectively, with a microwave energy source and a microwave frequency source connected to the control unit, while the cover of the loading hole of the drum is made of two meta -crystal discs and mounted on it through a feeding tube coaxially disposed metal ring _{to the} diameter d _{of holes} ≅ d + λ / 2, where _holes d - diameter of the feed inlet, and a thickness h = (3-4) t, where t - the thickness of the disks, and the latter have d ₁ > d _k and d ₂ <d _k and are coaxially closed to each other with a gap B = (ht) in diameter d _z ≅ d ₂ -λ / 2, in addition, inside the drum along the edge of the feed hole rearward relative to the direction of rotation set curved at an angle α <60 ° screen height 0≤ n <R and a width of 0 <C <l _b, R - the radius of the drum, l _b - length of the generatrix of the bar ana.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the insufficiently high productivity of the installation associated with the large investment of time in loading the seeds and unloading them after processing through the loading hole on the side surface of the drum. In addition, due to the interference of waves reflected from the end walls of the drum inside the drum filled with seeds, sections with insufficiently high electromagnetic field intensity are formed. The presence of sites with insufficient field intensity leads to an increase in the total processing time (see, for example, the article by Agliullin A.F., Anfinogentova V.I. and Sedelnikov Yu.E. Using probabilistic approaches in the design of microwave processing plants. In Proc. 7 Transactions -th International Conference “Radar, Navigation, Communication” April 24-26, 2001, Voronezh, 2001, v.1, pp. 640-646).

The technical problem to be solved is to reduce processing time and increase plant productivity, simplifying its design.

где λ - длина волны колебания источника электромагнитной энергии, ε _б - относительная диэлектрическая проницаемость материала боковой стенки, торцевые поверхности барабана выполнены из электропроводящего материала с ребристой внутренней поверхностью, причем глубина ребер выбрана кратной λ /4, а ширина ребер и расстояние между ними выбрано значительно меньшими λ /2, загрузочное отверстие с крышкой выполнено на одной из торцевых стенок барабана, который установлен свободно с возможностью вращения на роликах, механически соединенных с электрическим приводом, причем оси вращения роликов параллельны оси вращения барабана, излучатель электромагнитной энергии установлен снаружи барабана около его боковой стенки, барабан, излучатель электромагнитной энергии и источник электромагнитной энергии заключены в корпус, выполненный из электропроводящего материала, снабженный крышкой.The technical problem to be solved in a seed treatment device with an electromagnetic field in its first embodiment, comprising a rotatably mounted drum having a loading hole with a lid and counter-inclined ribs arranged in pairs inside it, an electromagnetic energy emitter that is connected to an electromagnetic energy source, and an electric drive connected to the control unit is achieved by the fact that the side wall of the drum is made of radiolucent material with a thickness that is a multiple of

where λ is the wavelength of the oscillation of the source of electromagnetic energy, ε _b is the relative dielectric constant of the side wall material, the end surfaces of the drum are made of an electrically conductive material with a ribbed inner surface, and the depth of the ribs is a multiple of λ / 4, and the width of the ribs and the distance between them are significantly less than λ / 2, a loading hole with a cover is made on one of the end walls of the drum, which is mounted freely with the possibility of rotation on rollers mechanically connected to the ele an insulating driven rollers the axes of rotation parallel to the drum rotation axis, the electromagnetic energy emitter is mounted outside the drum about its lateral wall, a drum, an emitter of electromagnetic energy source and electromagnetic energy are enclosed in a housing made of an electrically conductive material, provided with a lid.

где λ - длина волны колебания источника электромагнитной энергии, ε _б - относительная диэлектрическая проницаемость материала боковой стенки, торцевые стенки барабана выполнены из электропроводящего материала, с внутренней стороны каждой из которых установлена сетка из металлических проводников, параллельных друг другу и торцевой поверхности барабана, причем расстояние от сетки до внутренней торцевой поверхности барабана выбрано кратным

где ε _m - диэлектрическая проницаемость материала, расположенного между сеткой из металлических проводников и внутренней поверхностью торцевой стенки, а поперечные размеры проводников и расстояния между ними выбраны значительно меньшими длины волны колебания источника электромагнитной энергии, загрузочное отверстие с крышкой выполнено на одной из торцевых стенок барабана, который установлен свободно с возможностью вращения на роликах, механически соединенных с электрическим приводом, причем оси вращения роликов параллельны оси вращения барабана, излучатель электромагнитной энергии установлен снаружи барабана около его боковой стенки, барабан, излучатель электромагнитной энергии и источник электромагнитной энергии заключены в корпус, выполненный из электропроводящего материала, снабженный крышкой.The technical problem to be solved in a seed treatment device with an electromagnetic field in its second embodiment, comprising a rotatably mounted drum having a loading hole with a lid and counter-oblique ribs arranged in pairs inside it, an electromagnetic energy emitter that is connected to an electromagnetic energy source, and an electric drive connected to the control unit is achieved by the fact that the side wall of the drum is made of radiolucent material with a thickness that is a multiple of

where λ is the wavelength of the oscillation of the source of electromagnetic energy, ε _b is the relative dielectric constant of the side wall material, the end walls of the drum are made of electrically conductive material, on the inside of each of which there is a grid of metal conductors parallel to each other and the end surface of the drum, and the distance from mesh to the inner end surface of the drum selected multiple

where ε _m is the dielectric constant of the material located between the grid of metal conductors and the inner surface of the end wall, and the transverse dimensions of the conductors and the distances between them are chosen much smaller than the wavelength of the oscillation of the electromagnetic energy source, the loading hole with the cover is made on one of the end walls of the drum, which is mounted freely rotatably on rollers mechanically connected to an electric drive, and the axis of rotation of the rollers parallel to the axis of rotation eniya drum electromagnetic energy radiator mounted outside the drum about its lateral wall, a drum, an emitter of electromagnetic energy source and electromagnetic energy are enclosed in a housing made of an electrically conductive material, provided with a lid.

Figure 1 shows the device for treating seeds with an electromagnetic field according to its first embodiment (front view), figure 2 is a side view (section), figure 4 shows a diagram of the formation of an electromagnetic field inside the drum according to the first embodiment. Figure 3 shows the device for treating seeds with an electromagnetic field according to its second (front view), figure 5 shows schematically the formation of an electromagnetic field inside the drum according to the second embodiment.

где λ - длина волны колебания источника электромагнитной энергии, ε _б - относительная диэлектрическая проницаемость материала, из которого выполнена боковая стенка барабана 1. Ролики механически соединены с электрическим приводом, состоящим из электродвигателя 5 и редуктора 6. Внутри барабана 1 имеются встречно-наклонные ребра 7 для перемешивания семян при вращении барабана 1. Одна из торцевых стенок 8 барабана 1 выполнена съемной, образующей крышку для загрузки и выгрузки семян, вторая торцевая стенка 9 неподвижно соединена с боковой поверхностью 10 барабана 1. На станине 4 закреплен излучатель электромагнитной энергии 11, соединенный с источником электромагнитной энергии 12 при помощи волновода 13. Источник электромагнитной энергии 12 и электродвигатель 5 при помощи проводников 14 и 15 соединены с блоком управления 18. Источник электромагнитной энергии 12, волновод 13, блок управления 18 и электродвигатель 5 и редуктор 6 выполнены по известным стандартным схемам. Барабан 1, излучатель электромагнитной энергии 13 и источник электромагнитной энергии 12 заключены в корпус 16, снабженный крышкой 17. Корпус 16 установлен на станине 4 и выполнен из металла или диэлектрического материала с металлизированной поверхностью. Источник электромагнитной энергии 12 и электродвигатель 5 присоединены к электрической сети через блок управления 18.The device for treating seeds with an electromagnetic field according to the first and second variants contains a drum 1 mounted freely with the possibility of rotation on rollers 2 mounted on bearings 3 on the bed 4. The axis of rotation of the rollers 2 are parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum 1. The drum is made of a small transparent material loss, for example polystyrene, and has a thickness that is a multiple of

where λ is the wavelength of the oscillation of the source of electromagnetic energy, ε _b is the relative dielectric constant of the material from which the side wall of the drum 1 is made. The rollers are mechanically connected to an electric drive consisting of an electric motor 5 and a reducer 6. Inside the drum 1 there are counter-inclined ribs 7 for mixing seeds during rotation of the drum 1. One of the end walls 8 of the drum 1 is removable, forming a cover for loading and unloading seeds, the second end wall 9 is fixedly connected to the side surface 10 drum 1. On the bed 4 is mounted an electromagnetic energy emitter 11 connected to a source of electromagnetic energy 12 using a waveguide 13. An electromagnetic source 12 and an electric motor 5 using conductors 14 and 15 are connected to a control unit 18. An electromagnetic energy source 12, a waveguide 13, the control unit 18 and the electric motor 5 and the gearbox 6 are made according to known standard schemes. The drum 1, the emitter of electromagnetic energy 13 and the source of electromagnetic energy 12 are enclosed in a housing 16 provided with a cover 17. The housing 16 is mounted on a bed 4 and is made of metal or dielectric material with a metallized surface. The electromagnetic energy source 12 and the electric motor 5 are connected to the electric network through the control unit 18.

In the device for treating seeds with an electromagnetic field according to its first embodiment, the end walls 8 and 9 are made of an electrically conductive material, for example, aluminum alloys or a dielectric material with a metallized inner surface (FIG. 1). The inner surface of the end walls of the drum is ribbed, with the depth of the ribs being a multiple of λ / 4, and the width of the ribs and the distance between them selected significantly smaller than λ / 2, where λ is the wavelength of the oscillation of the electromagnetic energy source.

где ε _m - диэлектрическая проницаемость материала, расположенного между сеткой из металлических проводников 19 и внутренней торцевой поверхностью барабана 1, а поперечные размеры проводников 19 и расстояния между ними выбраны значительно меньшими длины волны колебания источника электромагнитной энергии. Торцевые стенки в устройстве для обработки семян электромагнитным полем по его второму варианту могут быть изготовлены из диэлектрического материала, например полистирола с металлизированными внешней и внутренней поверхностями. Сетка из параллельных друг другу металлических проводников выполняется, например, фотохимическим способом.In the device for treating seeds with an electromagnetic field according to its second embodiment, the end walls 8 and 9 of the drum are made of electrically conductive material, on the inside of each of which there is a grid of metal conductors 19 parallel to each other and the end surface of the drum 1, the distance from the grid to the inner end the surface of the drum 1 is selected as a multiple

where ε _m is the dielectric constant of the material located between the grid of metal conductors 19 and the inner end surface of the drum 1, and the transverse dimensions of the conductors 19 and the distance between them are chosen significantly less than the wavelength of the oscillation of the electromagnetic energy source. The end walls in the device for treating seeds with an electromagnetic field according to its second embodiment can be made of a dielectric material, for example polystyrene with metallized external and internal surfaces. A grid of metal conductors parallel to each other is performed, for example, by a photochemical method.

где λ - длина волны колебания источника электромагнитной энергии, ε _б - относительная диэлектрическая проницаемость материала боковых стенок барабана, электромагнитные волны, падающие от излучателя электромагнитной энергии 11 и отраженные от его внешней и внутренней поверхностей взаимно компенсируются. Благодаря этому потери электромагнитной энергии имеют наименьшее возможное значение. Семена при вращении барабана 1 роликами 2 перемешиваются встречно-наклонными ребрами 7. Равномерное распределение поля обеспечивается излучателем, создающим равномерное облучение ближайшей к нему поверхности семян. При вращении барабана 1 за счет перемешивания обрабатываются равномерно семена по всему объему. За счет выполнения торцевых стенок 8 и 9 барабана 1 ребристым происходит дополнительное улучшение равномерности распределения электромагнитного поля внутри барабана 1. Это объясняется следующим образом. В каждую точку внутреннего объема барабана 1 электромагнитные волны поступают по нескольким путям: непосредственно от излучателя электромагнитной энергии 11 и после отражения от торцевых стенок 8, 9 барабана 1 (фиг.3). В результате интерференции в некоторых участках объема барабана 1 эти волны складываются в противофазе, что приводит к появлению областей с недостаточной интенсивностью электромагнитного поля. Семена, находящиеся в указанных областях, не подвергаются необходимой обработке. Поэтому наличие таких областей приводит к увеличению общего времени обработки. При выполнении торцевых стенок ребристыми, отражение волны происходит от внешней поверхности ребер на торцевых стенках 8 при параллельном расположении ребер по отношению к вектору напряженности электрического поля и от внутренней поверхности ребер при перпендикулярной ориентации (см. например Корниенко Л.Г.Теория и техника излучающих и направляющих систем, изд-во ХВУ, Харьков, 1994, стр. 375). При вращении барабана 1 за один оборот дважды происходит изменение ориентации. В результате в каждой точке объема происходит периодическая смена характера интерференции указанных волн и соответственно происходит смена противофазного сложения на синфазное. В результате в среднем за один оборот барабана 1 происходит дополнительное выравнивание распределения электромагнитного поля. Это, в свою очередь, позволяет сократить время обработки. После окончания обработки устройство управления 18 выключает источник электромагнитной энергии 12 и электродвигатель 5. После этого открывают крышку корпуса 17, извлекают барабан 1 с обработанными семенами, разгружают его, помещают в него партию необработанных семян.The device according to its first embodiment works as follows. The seeds are loaded through the previously removed cover 8 into the drum 1, the drum 1 is mounted on the rollers 2, the cover 17 is closed and the source of electromagnetic energy is turned on through the control unit. The control unit provides motor control and on / off switching of the electromagnetic energy source 12 according to a specific program depending on the type of seeds and their quantity. For example, for seeds of this type and quantity treatment is required for a time t at a rotation speed of W ₁ . The operation algorithm of the control unit is as follows: 1) a command is issued to select the rotation speed W ₁ , 2) a command is issued to turn on the electric motor, 3) a command is issued to turn on the electromagnetic energy source, 4) after the time t has passed, a command is issued to turn off the electromagnetic energy source and electric motor. In this case, when the source of electromagnetic energy 12 is turned on, it is emitted by the emitter 11, the emitted wave acts on the seeds through the radiolucent side surface 10 of the drum 1. When the drum wall is made of radiolucent material with a thickness multiple of

where λ is the wavelength of the oscillation of the source of electromagnetic energy, ε _b is the relative dielectric constant of the material of the side walls of the drum, electromagnetic waves incident from the emitter of electromagnetic energy 11 and reflected from its outer and inner surfaces are mutually compensated. Due to this, the loss of electromagnetic energy is the least possible value. Seeds during rotation of the drum 1 by the rollers 2 are mixed by counter-inclined ribs 7. A uniform field distribution is provided by the emitter, which creates uniform irradiation of the surface of the seeds nearest to it. When the drum 1 is rotated, the seeds are processed uniformly throughout the volume. Due to the implementation of the end walls 8 and 9 of the drum 1 ribbed, there is an additional improvement in the uniformity of the distribution of the electromagnetic field inside the drum 1. This is explained as follows. At each point in the internal volume of the drum 1, electromagnetic waves arrive in several ways: directly from the emitter of electromagnetic energy 11 and after reflection from the end walls 8, 9 of the drum 1 (Fig. 3). As a result of interference in some parts of the volume of the drum 1, these waves are added in antiphase, which leads to the appearance of regions with insufficient intensity of the electromagnetic field. Seeds located in these areas are not subjected to the necessary processing. Therefore, the presence of such areas leads to an increase in the total processing time. When the end walls are ribbed, the reflection of the wave occurs from the outer surface of the ribs on the end walls 8 with the ribs parallel to the electric field vector and from the inner surface of the ribs with a perpendicular orientation (see, for example, Kornienko L.G. Theory and technique of radiating and guide systems, KhVU publishing house, Kharkov, 1994, p. 375). When the drum 1 rotates in one revolution, a change in orientation occurs twice. As a result, at each point in the volume, a periodic change in the nature of the interference of the indicated waves occurs and, accordingly, the in-phase addition changes to in-phase. As a result, on average, for one revolution of the drum 1 there is an additional equalization of the distribution of the electromagnetic field. This, in turn, reduces processing time. After processing, the control device 18 turns off the source of electromagnetic energy 12 and the electric motor 5. After that, open the lid of the housing 17, remove the drum 1 with the treated seeds, unload it, place a batch of unprocessed seeds in it.

The device for treating seeds with an electromagnetic field according to its second embodiment works as follows. The loading of seeds, their processing by an electromagnetic field is carried out in a manner similar to the first embodiment. In the device according to its second embodiment, an additional improvement in the uniformity of the distribution of the electromagnetic field inside the drum is achieved due to the presence of a grid of metal conductors installed at a distance from the inner surface of each of the end walls 8 and 9 of the drum 1. This is explained as follows. At each point in the internal volume of the drum 1, electromagnetic waves arrive in several ways: directly from the emitter of electromagnetic energy 11 and after reflection from the end walls 8, 9 of the drum 1 (Fig. 5). In the presence of a grid of metal conductors 19 parallel to each other, wave reflection occurs from the outer surface of the metal conductors 19 when they are parallel to the electric field vector and from the inner surface of the end wall with a perpendicular orientation (see, for example, L.G. Kornienko Theory and technology of radiating and directing systems, Publishing House of KhVU, Kharkov, 1994, p. 381). When the drum 1 rotates in one revolution, a change in orientation occurs twice. As a result, a periodic change in the nature of the interference of these waves occurs at each point in the volume, and, accordingly, the antiphase addition changes to in-phase. As a result, on average, for one revolution of the drum 1 there is an additional equalization of the distribution of the electromagnetic field.

Modeling of the processing and testing processes of the manufactured installation according to the first and second options confirmed that the reduction in time due to faster loading and unloading of seeds and due to the improvement of the uniformity of processing makes up an extremely high frequency range (40-60 GHz) depending on the type of seeds when the electromagnetic field is processed and a loading volume of at least 25% compared with the prototype. Unloading in the prototype is about 3 minutes, loading is 2 minutes. Download - unloading in the inventive device 1 minute. Thus, with the required processing time of 16 minutes, the gain is 25%. An additional gain due to reduction in processing time is from 1 to 15%.

Claims (2)

1. A device for treating seeds with an electromagnetic field, comprising a rotatably mounted drum having a loading hole with a lid and counter-oblique ribs arranged in pairs inside it, an electromagnetic energy emitter that is connected to an electromagnetic energy source, and an electric drive connected to the control unit characterized in that the side wall of the drum is made of radiolucent material with a thickness that is a multiple of

where λ is the wavelength of the oscillation of the source of electromagnetic energy, ε _b is the relative dielectric constant of the material of the side wall of the drum, the end walls of the drum are made of an electrically conductive material with a ribbed inner surface, and the depth of the ribs is a multiple of λ / 4, and the width of the ribs and the distance between them are selected significantly smaller than λ / 2, a loading hole with a cover is made on one of the end walls of the drum, which is mounted freely with the possibility of rotation on rollers mechanically connected to an electric drive, with the axis of rotation of the rollers parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum, the electromagnetic energy emitter installed outside the drum near its side wall, the drum, the electromagnetic energy emitter and the electromagnetic energy source are enclosed in a housing made of an electrically conductive material provided with a lid. 2. A device for treating seeds with an electromagnetic field, comprising a rotatably mounted drum having a loading hole with a lid and counter-inclined ribs arranged in pairs inside it, an electromagnetic energy emitter that is connected to an electromagnetic energy source, and an electric drive connected to the control unit characterized in that the side wall of the drum is made of radiolucent material with a thickness that is a multiple of

where λ is the wavelength of the oscillation of the source of electromagnetic energy, λ _b is the relative dielectric constant of the side wall material, the end walls of the drum are made of electrically conductive material, on the inside of each of which there is a grid of metal conductors parallel to each other and the end wall of the drum, and the distance from the mesh to the inner surface of the end wall of the drum selected multiple

where ε _m is the dielectric constant of the material located between the grid of metal conductors and the inner surface of the end wall, and the transverse dimensions of the conductors and the distances between them are chosen much smaller than the wavelength of the oscillation of the electromagnetic energy source, the loading hole with the cover is made on one of the end walls of the drum, which is mounted freely rotatably on rollers mechanically connected to an electric drive, and the axis of rotation of the rollers parallel to the axis of rotation eniya drum electromagnetic energy radiator mounted outside the drum about its lateral wall, a drum, an emitter of electromagnetic energy source and electromagnetic energy are enclosed in a housing made of an electrically conductive material, provided with a lid.

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