RU2246205C1 - Method for irrigation in the process of plowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural amelioration.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting furrows by means of tillage tool; supplying water or liquid fertilizer into furrow and covering furrow with soil; before plowing, providing deep plowing of field to be irrigated to 1.1-1.4 m depth, with space between adjacent plowing zones being within the range of 1.1-1.4 m; providing direction of tillage during plowing within the range of 15-45 deg with respect to following plowing directions during forming of furrows by means of tillage tool. Water or liquid fertilizer is supplied by flooding or during advancement of mobile unit equipped with vessel for transportation and distribution of said liquids.

EFFECT: uniform distribution of fertilizers applied, reduced power consumption, simplified labor management and increased ecological safety of animal sewage water and solved organic fertilizers applied into soil.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural land reclamation and can be used when applying irrigation water, livestock waste and dissolved organic fertilizers to the soil.

There is a known method of irrigation, including cutting irrigation and feeding furrows and supplying water to them, in which, in order to improve sanitary conditions when irrigating with sewage and increase the uniformity of applying them to the soil, mole drains form at the same time as cutting irrigation furrows at the bottom, and the sewage feed water is carried out forcibly, directly to the mentioned drains (SU, copyright certificate No. 829049. M. class. ³ A 01 G 25/00. Watering method / S.P. Pokromovich, E.I. Lokshin, V.M. Novikov, etc. . (USSR) .- Application No. 2770953 / 30-15; Stated 05/25/1979. Publish. 05/15/1981. Bull. No. 18 // Open tiya. Inventions. - 1981. - No. 18).

The disadvantages of this method include high energy consumption and low reliability of irrigation technology.

The closest method is the method of irrigation during plowing, including the formation of a furrow by a soil-cultivating organ, the supply of water or liquid fertilizer to it, and the subsequent closing of the furrow by soil, in which, in order to increase productivity and uniform distribution of liquid in the soil, before closing the furrow, the soil plowed in the previous the passage, raise above the plow sole, which serves water, forcing it out of the adjacent furrow (SU, copyright certificate No. 1752280. A1. IPC ⁵ A 01 G 25/00. Watering method for plowing and devices about for its implementation / A.B. Yun and I.P. Shchegolev (USSR) .- Application No. 4907644/15. Declared 11.11.1990. Publish. 07.08.1992. Bull. No. 29 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1992 . - No. 29).

The disadvantages of this method, which we adopted as the closest analogue, include high energy consumption, uneven distribution of livestock waste and low technological reliability of the irrigation process.

The essence of the claimed invention.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the environmental safety of livestock stocks, process water and dissolved organic fertilizers introduced into the soil.

The technical result is a reduction in energy consumption and simplification of labor organization.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of irrigation during plowing, including the formation of a furrow by a soil cultivating organ, the supply of water or liquid fertilizer to it and the subsequent closing of the furrow by soil, according to the invention, deep tillage to a depth of 0.4-0 is carried out before plowing , 6 m in increments between loosening zones within 1.1-1.4 m. In this case, the direction of movement when loosening is performed at an angle of 15-45 ° to the subsequent directions when a furrow is formed by the soil cultivating organ, and the feed is not Do not rotate water or liquid fertilizer by inlet or continuous movement of a mobile unit equipped with a container for transporting the mentioned liquids and their distribution.

Due to the fact that the loosening zones are oriented at an angle to the open furrows for feeding livestock drains into them, a uniform distribution of fertilizers is achieved over the entire area of the irrigated field.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 presents the irrigated field for the application of dissolved organic fertilizers when making loosening zones at an angle α to the long side of the plot, plan view.

In Fig.2 - the same process of making a furrow for applying liquid fertilizers or effluents.

Figure 3 is the same, the distribution of livestock stocks on the surface of the plow furrow.

In Fig.4 is a section aa in Fig.1, cross sections of adjacent loosening zones.

In Fig.5 is a section bB in Fig.2, cross sections of loosening zones, open furrows and dumped seams after introducing livestock waste into the open furrow.

Figure 6 - section bb in figure 3, the cross section of the soil layer in the arable layer and the arable horizon after the introduction of wastewater or livestock waste.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed method are as follows.

The claimed method of irrigation during plowing involves the formation of a furrow by a tillage organ, the supply of water or liquid fertilizer to it, and the subsequent closing of the furrow by soil.

Before plowing on irrigated field 1, deep cultivating is carried out by a tractor unit, including a caterpillar tractor of traction class 6 and mounted cultivator RN-80B, while deep cultivating h _p to a depth of 0.4-0.6 m is carried out by step T between the loosening zones 2 within 1.1-1.4 m. The depth of cultivation h _{p is} greater than the depth of plowing and 1.5 ... 2.25 times. The direction of movement when loosening is performed at an angle α equal to 15-45 ° to the subsequent directions when the furrows 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are formed by a known tillage organ. In the open groove 7, the supply of water or liquid fertilizer 8 is carried out by inlet from a temporarily made ditch or with the continuous movement of the mobile unit. It is usually equipped with a capacity of 8-15 m ³ for the transportation of the mentioned liquids and their distribution.

In an equal area, the angle between the directions of motion during loosening and subsequent plowing is set within 15-30 °. On slopes and rugged terrain, the angle α is set to greater than 30. After introducing livestock stock into the open furrow 7, the liquid mass is absorbed into the voids in the loosening zones 2. Then it flows over the dense plow sole 9 into other zones 2, forming a continuous array. This ensures a uniform distribution of dissolved organic fertilizers. Consistent performance of technological operations: loosening the arable horizon and soil - plowing with a turnover of the reservoir - introducing livestock stocks - sheltering the last open furrow ensure high-quality performance of all operations with minimal energy consumption. The organization of the implementation of the method does not require per second execution of synchronous movements of machine-tractor units. Loosening zones 2 serve as bulk storage of mineral nutrition for agricultural plants. Loosening zones 2 exclude the flow of liquid fertilizers along open furrows. When plowing with a five-body plow of the PLN-5-35 family with a total width of 1.75 m and feeding dissolved organic fertilizers into the last furrow with previously made loosening zones 2 to a depth of 0.4 ... 0.45 m in increments of 1.4 m, uneven distribution sewage by area does not exceed 18.7 ... 27.2%.

Claims (1)

The method of irrigation during plowing, including the formation of a furrow by a soil-cultivating organ, the supply of water or liquid fertilizer to it, and the subsequent closing of the furrow by soil, characterized in that before plowing in the irrigated field deep loosening is carried out to a depth of 0.4-0.6 m in increments between zones loosening within 1.1-1.4 m, while the direction of movement when loosening is performed at an angle of 15-45 ° to the subsequent directions when the furrow is formed by the soil-cultivating organ, and water or liquid fertilizer is supplied by inlet or when moving yl machine provided with said container for transporting liquids and their distribution.

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