RU2245393C1 - Method of processing of the waste lead storage batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrochemical industry; processing of waste lead storage batteries.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with the methods of electrochemical productions, in particular with processing waste storage batteries. Then the electrolyzer is filled up with a solution 2М of sulphaminic acid and the unbroken leaden plates with an active mass are dipped into it for a day. Then they fix a cathode made out of a pure lead and the selected lead plates from the waste lead storage batteries are used in the capacity of an anode. Then the system is connected to a direct current source. Further the process of electrowinning of lead is conducted at simultaneous dissolution in it of unbroken leaden plates at the anode current density of 10-20 mA/cm² with provision of an increase of productivity of the process at the expense of absence of the labor-consuming production operations. The sulphaminic electrolyte used in the process is harmless, whereas other electrolytes are toxic. Antimony does not dissolve in it and passivation of anodes in it is minimum. The method also ensures practically full utilization of lead from the waste lead storage batteries.

EFFECT: the invention ensures an increase of the process productivity, safety and full utilization of lead from the waste lead storage batteries.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of electrochemical production, in particular to methods for utilizing lead from lead-containing waste, and can be used as one of the methods for producing lead for the production of batteries, as a lining and electrode material in the chemical industry, etc.

There is a method of processing lead plates that have fallen into disrepair, including the smelting of metal grids, grinding of the sulfate-oxide fraction, loading the powder fraction into the cathode space of the electrolyzer, electrolysis, sponge lead extraction, briquetting and remelting. The electrolyte can be either acidic or alkaline [A.S. 74728, cl. 21 B, 26/01].

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the process.

The closest way to the same purpose for all the features is a method of processing lead-acid batteries, in accordance with which the electrochemical dissolution of undestroyed lead plates with an active mass in sulfamic acid is carried out [Pat. GB 1486738, CL C 25 C 1/18, 09/21/1977].

The proposed method differs from the aforementioned analogue in that, after electrochemical dissolution, lead is electrolytically separated.

The task of the invention is to protect the environment and improve the processing of secondary lead raw materials.

The technical result is the efficiency and environmental friendliness of the process due to the use of less toxic electrolyte, high productivity of the process.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method for processing lead batteries includes the electrochemical dissolution of undestroyed lead plates with an active mass in sulfamic acid, after electrochemical dissolution, lead is electrolytically separated while dissolving undestroyed lead plates at a current density of 10-20 mA / cm ² .

The essence of the proposed method is as follows.

A solution of 2M sulfamic acid is poured into the electrolyzer and undestroyed lead plates with an active mass of 24 hours are lowered into it. The cathode of pure lead is fixed, and the lead plates of the spent battery are used as anodes, then a direct current is connected to the system. Next, lead is electrolytically separated while dissolving undestroyed lead plates in it. The electrolysis of the proposed method allows you to recycle worn out lead batteries to obtain pure lead.

Table 1 shows the dependence of the current efficiency on the electrolyte composition and current density.

Table 1 Electrolyte composition Current density, mA / cm ² Current output,% Sulfamic acid, 2 M 10 96.7 Sulfamic acid, 2 M phenol, 3 g / l; glue 4 g / l fifteen 97.9 Sulfamic acid, 2 M phenol, 3 g / l; glue 4 g / l twenty 97.6

Example 1. A 2 M solution of sulfamic acid is poured into a 1 L glass container, then undestroyed lead plates with an active mass of 24 hours are placed there. The cathode is a plate of pure lead. Anode - non-destroyed lead plates with active mass. The current density is 10 mA / cm ² . The resulting precipitate has a loose spongy structure. The current efficiency is 96.7%.

Example 2. The electrolysis is carried out according to claim 1 with the difference that phenol - 3 g / l and adhesive - 4 g / l are added to the electrolyte. The precipitate has a dense crystalline structure. The current efficiency is 97.9%.

Example 3. The electrolysis is carried out according to claim 1 with the difference that phenol is added to the electrolyte - 3 g / l and adhesive - 4 g / l at a current density of 20 mA / cm ² . The current efficiency is 97.6%.

The proposed method has several advantages:

1. High productivity of the process due to the absence of labor-intensive technological operations.

2. Environmental cleanliness, as the proposed sulfamine electrolyte is harmless, while other electrolytes are toxic, antimony is insoluble in it, and passivation of the anodes in it is minimal.

3. Waste-free technology due to the almost complete utilization of lead from spent lead-acid batteries.

For the claimed method in the form described in the independent clause of the claims, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described in the application is confirmed.

Claims (1)

A method of processing lead-acid batteries, including electrochemical dissolution of undestroyed lead plates with an active mass in sulfamic acid, characterized in that after electrochemical dissolution, electrolytic separation of lead is carried out while dissolving undestroyed lead plates in it at a current density of 10-20 mA / cm ² .