RU2245291C2 - Load-gripping device with self-release hook and self-opening lock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; materials handling facilities.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to load-gripping devices designed for lifting, transportation, lowering and removing of containers and other loads from load-lifting devices with rigid and semirigid slings. Proposed device includes self-release hook and self-opening lock. According to invention, with self-release hook arranged with its mouth downwards, gravity centers of self-release hook and lock mechanism are located higher than points of rotation of self-release hook and lock mechanism, accordingly. Thanks to it, with no load on self-release hook, or when load is located on hard surface and slings are slack, self-release hook can automatically set in safe position, i.e. with its mouth upwards, and automatically open mouth of self-release hook, and when hook is in operating position and lug of container or other load fitted in mouth of self-release hook, automatic locking of mouth of self-release hook is provided. Load can be removed from self-release hook without assistance of slinger.

EFFECT: mechanization of load-handling operation, facilitated loading and unloading, provision of reliable displacement of loads, enlarged sphere of application and reduced cost of manufacture.

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Description

The invention relates to load gripping devices intended for raising, moving, lowering and removing from hoisting devices with rigid and semi-rigid slings of “Big-Bag” containers, as well as other cargoes.

Currently, load gripping devices are used to capture cargo, based on a pull hook with various types of locks, which can prevent accidental detachment of cargo (patents DE 3938364 C2, US 4293156 A, DE 8326565 U1, application DE 3942739 A1). The modernization of hooks is reduced mainly to the modernization of closures (locking devices), which provide locking the throat of the hook for safety reasons when using the hook to move heavy loads. A common drawback of existing hooks is the availability of auxiliary devices (magnets, electromagnets, ropes, cables and other devices), which basically provide for the mandatory participation of the slinger.

Known load-gripping device, patent DE 3938364 C2, consisting of a hook and a housing, inside which is located the locking-unlocking mechanism of the hook. The disadvantages of this device include:

- design complexity;

- frequent maintenance of the mechanism, in which there are traction of several springs, which under uneven loads can be destroyed;

- a large number of complex parts that are difficult to manufacture;

- the high cost of the device due to the large number of parts;

- a very large mass of the device compared to the mass of the hook.

Known chain hook with a locking mechanism, application for invention DE 3942739 A1, the operation of which is based on the engagement of the chain link of the adapted part of the hook. A lock is provided as a stopper, which captures the held chain link with its knees. The disadvantages of this design include the fact that

- the hook is adapted to work with chains;

- the work of locking and unlocking, as well as fixing and removing the chain from the hook, is carried out by the slinger.

According to the method of locking the pharynx of the hook, the hook according to the patent US 4293156 A is close to the invention. This hook consists of two parts: a handle with a locking mechanism and a suspension device, which is also a lock. The disadvantages of this device include the fact that

- there is a spring, which under alternating loads can be destroyed;

- Work on locking and unlocking the pharynx of the hook, as well as fixing and removing the chain from the hook, is carried out by the slinger.

Closest to the proposed invention relates to a lifting device, which we take as a prototype, consisting of a hook and a bolt, with which the hook pharynx is closed or opened when the connecting element is inserted or removed (utility model DE 8326565 U1).

The shutter consists of two plates, between which there is a hook and a control element mounted on one of the shutter plates. The center of gravity position of the control in action is designed to hold the shutter in the closed position. The hook consists of a standard hook with a cut end, a spring clip and two stops along the outer contour of the standard hook. The hook is mounted on the suspension and can rotate freely around the axis of attachment. Lifting device operates as follows. When the lifting device moves the connecting element with the load suspended on it, the shutter completely closes the hook's jaw and reliably blocks the load on the hook. When the load is lowered, the connecting element is between the control and the shutter. Subsequently, due to the stops and spring force, the hook pharynx is released and the hook is released from the connecting element with the load. The disadvantages of this device include:

- the presence of a large number of parts that are laborious to manufacture, because they require high quality workmanship;

- the presence of a spring, which is often a weak link in products, because with alternating uneven loads, it can be destroyed;

- the need for repeatedly raising and lowering the lifting device to remove the load from the hook.

An object of the invention is the mechanization, simplification and acceleration of loading and unloading of soft containers such as “Big-Bag”, as well as other goods, ensuring reliable operation when moving goods during loading and unloading, expanding the scope and reducing manufacturing costs through the use of lightweight in the manufacture of parts.

To achieve the task in the load gripping device with the hook positioned, the centers of gravity of the hook and bolt are shifted above the rotation points of the hook and bolt, respectively. The shutter mechanism is greatly simplified. The shutter consists of one part, which can move along the guide located at the top of the hook. All this allows, when there is no load on the hook or when lowering the load on a hard surface, when the slings are loose, the hook is automatically set to a safe position, i.e. throat up, and automatically open the throat of the hook, and when installed in the working position and install the eye of the load in the throat of the hook-self-locking system, the pharynx of the hook-self-locking screw is automatically locked.

A distinctive feature of the proposed load-gripping device from the prototype is that the bolt consists of one part that moves along a guide located at the top of the hook, and when the hook is throated down, the centers of gravity of the hook and the shutter mechanism are located above their rotation points, due to this the hook self-installs in a stable position - yawning up.

Due to the presence of these features, our invention allows us to achieve the following results:

- the gripping device mechanizes, speeds up and simplifies loading and unloading, since, unlike the prototype, when fixing and removing the load, multiple lifting and lowering of the lifting device is not required, special devices for opening the shutter mechanism, such as a connecting element, are not required;

- the load gripping device ensures reliable operation during loading and unloading operations, since there is no spring in the load gripping device, which breaks under uneven loads;

- the scope of the load gripping device is expanding, since it is possible to carry out loading and unloading operations with lifting devices not only with rigid slings, but also with semi-rigid ones;

- the cost of the load gripping device is lower, since it has a minimum number of parts in the locking mechanism and the suspension mechanism of the lungs in manufacture.

Our proposed gripping device is illustrated by the drawings shown in Fig.1,2.

Figure 1 shows the lifting device in the idle position.

Figure 2 - load-gripping device in working position.

The load gripping device that we offer contains a hook 1 and a bolt 2 fixed to it, which moves along a guide 3 located at the top of the hook. The hook is attached to the suspension and can rotate freely around the axis of attachment. A suspension bracket with a load gripping device is fixed vertically downwards on lifting devices such as a beam or on a suspension with one hook. The operation of the load gripping device is as follows. In the idle state, the load gripping device is independently installed in a safe position - with the yaw of the hook upward, while the shutter mechanism opens the yaw of the hook (Fig. 1). When you install the sling of the eye of the load 4 (figure 2) in the throat of the hook of the gripping device, the shutter automatically closes due to its own weight, moving along the guide in the upper part of the self-detaching hook. Under the weight of the load and the tension of the sling, the self-tipping of the hook-hook in the load gripping device is excluded, because the common center of gravity of the load handling device and the load is in the carried load. As soon as the load falls on a hard surface, the tension of the sling begins to weaken, the hook-hook in the load-gripping device acquires an unstable balance and tends to take up a balance that is convenient for itself - yawning, since the center of gravity turns the hook-hook. Simultaneously with the movement of the hook-hook begins to move along the guide mechanism of the shutter. After the self-locking hook is in steady balance, the shutter latch opens fully. And when the crane operator takes the crane device to the side, the hook-hook of the load gripping device independently leaves the load. Due to this, the load gripping device is used where the presence of the slinger is impossible or prohibited when removing the load. When lifting the sling, the hook-hook of the load gripping device is automatically set to a safe position - yawning.

Claims (1)

A load gripping device, consisting of a hook attached to the suspension with free rotation around the axis of attachment, and a bolt mechanism mounted on the hook with the ability to block the pharynx of the hook when moving the load and self-opening when removing the load from the hook, characterized in that when the hook is throated down the centers of gravity of the hook and the shutter mechanism are located above the points of rotation of the hook and the shutter mechanism, respectively, while the shutter is movable along a guide located at the top asti hook.

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