RU2244731C1 - Method and plant for processing and utilization of roofing bitumen-containing materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processing materials, such as roofing bitumen-containing materials.

SUBSTANCE: waste are ground and loaded in bitumen melting boiler for separation of them from cardboard base in presence of liquid contact heat-transfer agent. During heating, flue gas is evacuated from furnace of boiler through box used for reduction of flue gas pressure via pipe line to gas separator for entrapping and settling of soot. Then gas directed to filtering unit where it is cleaned and is discharged into atmosphere in form of clean air. Molten bitumen and cardboard pulp are extracted from melting boiler and are cooled to temperature not above 140^oC, after which cardboard pup is washed in bitumen-dissolving reagent and is used for manufacture of roofing materials and/or materials for furnaces; liquid phase remaining after washing is used as base for production of bitumen varnish; soot is used for manufacture of rubber articles or dye or pigment for paints and varnishes. Plant proposed for realization of this method is provided with gas separator, gas filtration unit and bitumen melting boiler.

EFFECT: optimization of process; enhanced ecological safety; increased productivity; reduced usage of materials.

22 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the processing of materials, in particular to the processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste.

Currently, for the processing and disposal of roofing waste containing a base and bitumen impregnation, technologies are widely used in which bitumen-containing waste is crushed, placed in a boiler, where heat treatment is carried out to separate bitumen from the base. After separation of the coating mass, the obtained bitumen composition is poured for further use, and the base is destroyed, for example, burned or preserved by burial (see patents: RF 2148599, class C 08 L 95/00 from 05/10/2000; RF 2195475, class C 10 C 3 / 10 dated 12.27.2002; WO 02/28610, class B 29 B 17/02 dated 11.04.2002; JP 10046156, class C 10 C 3/10 dated 02.17.1998).

The main disadvantages of similar technologies are the incomplete separation of the coating mass from the base, low efficiency and high energy costs. At the same time, well-known technologies for the processing and disposal of bitumen-containing waste are aimed at the disposal of bitumen, and the materials generated in the process and remaining after processing should not be recycled.

Known methods of processing bitumen-containing materials, in particular roofing waste, which are also placed in boilers for smelting bitumen, carry out heating, as a result of which the bitumen melts. The molten bitumen is poured for future use, and the remaining base is disposed of. In this case, several types of finished materials are obtained (patent US 4330340, class C 08 L 95/00 from 05/18/1982). All processing is carried out on a bulky installation containing an extensive system of transportation of raw and recycled materials.

The known method is energy intensive and requires large material costs with low efficiency. In addition, well-known technologies are not environmentally friendly.

Moreover, the production of finished bitumen in known methods does not exceed 1000 kg per shift, which, taking into account the formation and accumulation of waste containing bitumen, and taking into account the energy and material spent, is a very low rate and an increase in output per shift of processed bitumen by 100 kg is already significantly reduces energy and material costs. For example, in Moscow alone, between 25,000 and 4,000 tons per year of roofing waste material is generated and processing of these waste materials with an increase in the production of finished bitumen by 100 kg can significantly reduce material costs and, accordingly, increase profits from the sale of finished bitumen.

At the same time, roofing waste is an excellent raw material for the regeneration of bitumen, as well as for obtaining related materials during processing, such as roofing bitumen, bitumen varnish, gas soot, corrugated roofing material.

Smelted bitumen can be used in construction or for domestic purposes, as well as for the production of bitumen materials. Bitumen diluted in solvents is used for the production of roofing primers (primers), modified bitumen (with additives) - for the production of roofing emulsions and mastics.

Carbon black can be used in the manufacture of rubber products, as a dye in the textile industry and, finally, as a pigment in paint and varnish production.

After melting the bitumen and washing it in a solvent and / or diluent, the cardboard base of the roofing material remains, which is partially burned (that is, used as a heating material for melting bitumen), and the rest is to be disposed of for the production of corrugated roofing materials of the Benit type, “Ondulin.” In this case, the liquid phase is used for the production of varnish.

However, existing technologies for the processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste do not fully utilize the possibilities of recycling bitumen and residual waste.

Thus, the task to which the claimed invention is directed is the creation of a method and installation for processing roofing bitumen-containing wastes that would not contain the indicated disadvantages.

Solving this problem, a technical result is achieved, consisting in the possibility of non-waste, environmentally friendly processing of bitumen-containing roofing waste with the lowest energy and material costs while increasing the production rate of finished bitumen, soot and varnish. The technical result is also achieved, which consists in optimizing the process of waste-free, environmentally friendly processing of bitumen-containing roofing waste by eliminating intermediate stages of processing, which allows for the entire processing in one technological cycle; due to a significant reduction in material consumption and simplification of the method and installation; by increasing the productivity and efficiency of waste management, which allows to minimize processing time, and also by improving the characteristics of finished processed products. Installation for implementing the inventive method and the individual nodes of this installation also allow for the environmentally friendly processing of bitumen-containing roofing waste, reduce energy and material costs when implementing the inventive method, make the method easier to implement due to the ease of extraction of recycled materials for further disposal and simplification of technological processes equipment settings for implementing the claimed method and by reducing the material consumption of installations At the same time by increasing the production of finished products.

Moreover, according to the proposed method for the processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste, a plant for implementing the method, a gas separator, a boiler and a filtering device, the production rate of finished bitumen can be increased to 1200 kg per shift or more. Productivity of soot production is 100 kg / shift, lacquer output is 500 kg / shift, while processing 3.6 tons of waste.

These technical results are achieved by the implementation of the claimed method and by using the claimed installation and all its nodes according to the independent claims and their subordinate dependent points in all areas of the alternatives contained in the claims.

According to the claimed method of processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste, consisting of a cardboard base and bitumen-containing impregnation, the waste is crushed, loaded into a boiler with a furnace part, to melt the bitumen and separate it from the cardboard base in the presence of a liquid contact coolant, when heated, the flue gas is removed under pressure from the furnace part of the boiler through the box, designed to reduce the pressure of the furnace gas, through a pipeline to a gas separator for trapping and sedimenting soot, and n sent to the filtering device, where they are cleaned and released into the atmosphere in the form of clean air. The molten bitumen and cardboard pulp are removed from the melting pot, cooled to a temperature of not more than 140 ° C, after which the cardboard pulp is washed in a dissolving bitumen reagent and used for the production of roofing materials and / or as a heating material, and the liquid phase remaining after washing is used as the basis in the production of bitumen varnish, while carbon black is used, at least in the manufacture of rubber products or as a dye, or as a pigment in the paint and varnish industry.

Roofing waste is crushed to sizes from 200 × 200 mm to 500 × 500 mm and loaded into the boiler of 150-200 kg, with a boiler capacity of not more than 300 liters.

Used liquid oils and / or low-quality oil products are used as the liquid contact coolant.

Waste heating is carried out in several stages, in the first of which the waste is heated to a temperature of 100-110 ° C for 2 hours and held in the second stage for 1 hour to remove 80% moisture, in the third stage for 30-60 minutes, heated waste up to 180-235 ° С for the melt of bitumen and its separation from the base.

As a dissolving bitumen reagent, kerosene or Wayspirite with diesel fuel is used in a ratio of 1: 2.

The claimed installation for implementing a method for the processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste contains a boiler for melting bitumen, which contains a working chamber and a furnace part connected through a flue gas outlet pipe to a duct to reduce the pressure of the flue gas stream. In addition, the installation contains a gas separator for trapping and sedimentation of soot and a filtering device for purifying flue gas and a pipeline connecting the duct, separator and filtering device in series.

The capacity of the working chamber does not exceed 300 liters.

The unit is equipped with a fan or pump for the removal of flue gas.

The claimed gas separator for trapping and sedimenting soot in an installation for implementing a method for processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste, contains at least one chamber, with removable cellular vertical partitions whose height is smaller than the height of the chamber and are installed on the upper and lower walls cameras in a checkerboard pattern, alternating one after another.

The gas separator contains at least 15 partitions, the mesh size of which is 1-5 mm.

The capacity of the gas separator is at least 6 m ³ .

The claimed device for filtering gas in an installation for implementing a method for processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste contains a housing filled with water, at the bottom of which a gas divider is installed, made in the form of a hollow tank with a pipe for supplying gas and perforated tubes installed on its side surface.

The claimed boiler for melting bitumen, which is used in the installation for implementing a method for processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste, contains a working chamber and a furnace part with a pipe for removing flue gas, and the working camera is equipped with a horizontal mesh screen for roofing waste, a pipe for removing molten bitumen, located at the bottom of the working chamber, the bottom of which is made in the form of a surface of a body of revolution with a horizontal axis.

The features expressed as alternatives in the entire claims, for any choice made by such alternatives, together with other features of the claims provide the specified technical results. At the same time, obtaining these results is ensured by combining each of the alternative characteristics of one attribute with each of the alternative characteristics of the other signs separately. Thus, in the claimed invention, in all combinations of any alternatives, the requirement of the unity of the invention is observed.

The invention will now be disclosed with reference to the drawings, in which:

Figure 1 - General diagram of the installation;

In figure 2, 2A - gas separator;

Figure 3, 3A - water shutter;

In figure 4, 4A - the boiler;

Figure 5 is a flow chart.

Figure 1 presents the General scheme of the installation for implementing the method of processing and disposal of roofing waste, consisting of a cardboard base and bitumen impregnation.

The installation contains boilers 1 for the melt of bitumen and a hollow box 2 to reduce the pressure of the flow of flue gas compared with the pressure in the boilers. Box 2 communicates via pipeline 3 with a gas separator for trapping and sedimenting soot (hereinafter referred to as a soot trap) 5. At the end of pipeline 3, which is placed in box 2, a spark arrester is installed 4. For example, the spark arrester is a pipe coaxially installed in the main pipeline and of smaller diameter . In this case, the spark arrester tube is fixed with a collar at one of its ends, about which part of the sparks breaks. At the other end, at some distance, a protective shield is installed, about which the remaining part of the sparks breaks.

The soot trap 5 is connected to the filtering device 7. At the outlet of the soot trap 5, there may be a filter 6, for example a cloth.

Smoke is removed from the boilers 1, passes into the duct 2 and passes through the pipe 3 further, pumped by the fan 8.

The proposed method is as follows.

Before processing, roofing waste is cut into pieces (crushed) in cutting machines, for example, guillotine type or with circular knives. Roofing waste is cut into pieces with dimensions of 300 × 300 mm and placed in boilers of 150-200 kg. Such dimensions and weight are determined by the capacity of the boilers. Boilers are manufactured with a volume of not more than 300 liters, which greatly simplifies the extraction of recycled materials for further utilization and simplifies the process of technological adjustment of equipment, for example, cleaning boilers for the implementation of the claimed method. Moreover, such a size of boilers and a mass of waste is optimal for increasing the output of finished bitumen and other materials. Waste can be collected in briquettes, and can be stacked in boilers without preliminary assembly and picking of briquettes.

According to the technological process presented in the technological scheme (Fig. 5), the cut roofing waste is placed in melting boilers 1, on a metal mesh 20 (Fig. 4), where the bitumen-containing waste is heat treated in the presence of a liquid contact coolant 22 at a temperature of at least 400- 450 ° C between the flame and the contact surface of the furnace part of the boiler.

When this heating is carried out in several stages. In the first stage, the waste is heated for about 2 hours to a temperature of 100-110 ° C, at which partial removal of physical and chemical moisture occurs.

For more efficient heating and separation of bitumen from the base, a contact coolant is used, which is poured into the boiler. As contact coolant, used oils and / or low-quality oil products (fuel oil, etc.) are used, increasing the economy of the process of processing roofing waste and increasing the speed of the process.

Part of the waste is laid in the furnace part of the boilers 18 (FIGS. 4, 4a) as a furnace material and burned, thereby saving energy resources during heat treatment, without leaving waste that requires additional destruction and / or preservation.

Upon reaching the waste temperature of 100-110 ° C, the induction period begins (second stage), when the temperature practically does not increase. However, during the induction period - about 1 hour, up to 80% of moisture is removed.

Then the temperature rises sharply to 180-235 ° C (third stage). This temperature is sufficient to melt the bitumen and separate it from the cardboard base in boilers with a capacity of not more than 300 l of a given mass of roofing waste for 30-60 minutes.

The boilers 19 are made of metal, and it is very important to choose the correct metal thickness for the furnace part 18 of the boilers. If the metal thickness of the furnace part 18 of the boiler is less than 2 mm, the formation of pitch occurs during heating (i.e., burning of the contact coolant with impurities), which is difficult to clean, and after 4 times melting of the waste metal burns out on the bottom with the formation of holes.

When the metal thickness of the furnace part of the boiler is more than 5 mm, due to the increased heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the metal, during and after the discharge of molten bitumen (even in the absence of fire), spontaneous combustion of waste occurs. In addition, with such a thickness, the temperature in the center of the loaded waste mass is not sufficient to sufficiently melt the bitumen.

It was established by an experimental method that the optimal metal thickness of the furnace part of boilers with a volume of 300 l is 3-4 mm. With an increase in the volume of the furnace part of the boilers, it is impossible to determine the induction period and the heating period to remove physical and chemical moisture.

The molten bitumen flows through a metal mesh 20 to the bottom 25 of the working chamber of the boiler, which is made in the form of a surface of a body of revolution with a horizontal axis, while the bottom 25 is made inclined and poured through the pipe 21 of the outlet of the molten bitumen. In a preferred embodiment, the boiler bottom is made in the form of a cylindrical surface, while the axis of the cylindrical surface is inclined relative to the horizontal axis. However, the shape of the working part of the boiler is not limited to this embodiment and can be in the form of any body of revolution, for example, a body of revolution of a trapezoid (conical surface), body of revolution of a semicircle (spherical surface), body of revolution of a second-order curve (elliptical or torus surface), etc. .

At the same time, the design of the furnace part of the boiler provides for the possibility of using all types of fuels - solid, liquid and gas when using appropriate burners.

When igniting flue material (roofing waste), an exhaust fan 8 is switched on (Fig. 1) to remove flue gas (process smoke). The smoke comes from the boilers, pumped by the fan 8 under pressure and with a high flow rate. In the duct 2, smoke is distributed with a decrease in pressure, flow rate and the achievement of an equivalent low pressure value, sufficient for passage through pipeline 3 without excessive pressure, i.e. pressure is reduced and equalized. Then, through the spark arrester 4, the smoke enters the two-chamber metal gas separator (soot trap) 5.

In an example implementation of the method, the gas separator is made up of two chambers.

Each chamber of the soot trap contains a housing 9 (Fig. 2, 2a), in which at least 15 are installed, in the preferred embodiment, 20-25 removable metal partitions 10 made of mesh material with cells from 1-5 mm. The size of the partitions 10 in height is less than the height of the chamber and mounted on the upper and lower walls of the chamber in a checkerboard pattern, alternating one after another. At the same time, the capacity of each chamber of the gas separator is at least 6 m to significantly reduce the flow rate, and the cell sizes are selected with the condition of the best capture of soot and free passage of air when the cells are clogged with soot.

Partitions 10 are installed one after another, for example, parallel to the direction of the smoke flow, so that one partition is installed close to, for example, the upper wall, forming a free technological passage in the lower part, and the next, respectively, is installed close to the lower wall, forming a free technological passage at the top. And the inlet 11 and the transition hole 12 and, respectively, the outlet 13 are located diagonally to each other, thereby allowing smoke to pass through all the partitions, describing a zigzag path.

When passing through the soot trap, smoke enters the first chamber through the inlet 11 from the end of the soot trap and, pumped by the fan through the mesh partitions and free passages, passes to the opposite wall, where there is a transition hole 12 into the second chamber, where in the same way the smoke passes through all partitions to the outlet 13. If the soot trap is single chamber, an outlet is installed instead of the vias.

All soot is trapped and retained on the mesh partitions 10 and is used in the manufacture of rubber products as a dye in the textile industry or as a pigment in paint and varnish production. At the same time, for ease of soot extraction, the camera body contains covers on the upper and side surfaces (not shown).

The gas cleaned in the soot trap 5 (FIG. 1) from the soot through the filter 6 enters the filter device 7, where it is finally cleaned and released into the atmosphere as clean air.

The filtering device 7 (FIGS. 3, 3a) contains a housing 14 with a capacity of 3-4 m ³ filled with water 17, at the bottom of which an air splitter 15 is installed, made in the form of a hollow tank, for example, a cylindrical shape to reduce gas pressure and exhaust from dividers in the form of perforated tubes 16 located on the side surface of the tank. In this case, the perforations are made downward.

During the heat treatment of bitumen-containing waste, for 2-4 hours, bitumen melts and flows to the bottom of the boiler, which is made inclined. Through the pipe for the removal of molten bitumen 21 (Fig.4, 4A), the molten bitumen is poured for further use. Bitumen is poured into molding containers and sent to a cooling section, for example, by sprinkling.

After the discharge of molten bitumen, the boilers cool, then they are cleaned of the remaining base and debris (solid inclusions). For simplicity of the boiler cleaning process, the internal working part of the boilers is made in the form of a conical surface with a horizontal axis. The remaining base and debris are placed in metal containers of 200 l each, which are filled with a reagent dissolving bitumen, a solvent and / or diluent, with constant stirring. In a preferred embodiment of the method, kerosene or Wiistspirite with diesel fuel (diesel fuel) in a ratio of 1: 2 is used as a washing liquid. At the same time, the temperature of the processed mass should not exceed 140 ° C. After 20 minutes of processing with constant stirring, the resulting mass is filtered at a temperature of at least 90 ° C and part of it with garbage is used as a heating material for heating boilers, i.e. part of the mass is returned to the technological process, and part is used for the manufacture of corrugated roofing materials (slate) such as “Ondulin”, “Benit”. The liquid phase merges with the subsequent filtration and is used for the manufacture of bitumen varnish BT series. Technological parameters - time, temperature of all the indicated washing stages, the choice of washing liquid are selected with the condition that it is possible to carry out a one-time washing for changing the processing of roofing bitumen-containing waste, which greatly simplifies the method and saves time and material costs.

Thus, this method of processing and disposal of bitumen-containing roofing waste does not leave unprocessed material. All material obtained during the technological processing of roofing waste, from smelted bitumen to soot obtained by burning combustion products, must be disposed of. In addition, the proposed method is more environmentally friendly than the known, because It allows you to use all the materials obtained during the processing of bitumen-containing waste, which used to be buried and polluted the environment, and harmful emissions into the surrounding atmosphere are excluded. In this case, the energy and material costs for the implementation of the claimed method are minimal, and the installation and its individual components are simple to manufacture and use and are made taking into account the implementation of the claimed method when the claimed result is achieved.

At the same time, the technological parameters are selected in such a way that with a decrease in energy consumption and a decrease in metal consumption, optimal processing modes are achieved, in which the output of finished products increases.

Claims (22)

1. A method of processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste, consisting of a cardboard base and bitumen-containing impregnation, in which the waste is crushed, loaded into a boiler with a furnace part, to melt the bitumen and separate it from the cardboard base in the presence of a liquid contact coolant, for this the waste is heated to temperature 180-235 ° С, during heating, flue gas is removed under pressure from the furnace part of the boiler through a box designed to reduce the pressure of the flue gas and reduce the flow rate, by three to the gas separator for trapping and precipitating soot, and sent to a filtering device, where it is cleaned and emitted into the atmosphere in the form of clean air, the molten bitumen and cardboard pulp are removed from the melting boiler and cooled to a temperature of no more than 140 ° C, after which the cardboard pulp is washed in a dissolving bitumen reagent, and used for the production of roofing materials and / or as a heating material, and the liquid phase remaining after washing is used as the basis in the production of bitumen varnish, while soot is used at least in the manufacture of rubber products either as a dye or as a pigment in a paint and varnish production. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which the roofing waste is crushed to sizes from 200 × 200 mm to 500 × 500 mm 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the roofing waste is loaded into the boiler of 150-200 kg, with a boiler capacity of not more than 300 liters. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which used liquid oils and / or low-quality oil products are used as the liquid contact coolant. 5. The method according to claim 3, in which used liquid oils and / or low-quality petroleum products are used as the liquid contact coolant. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5, in which the waste is heated in several stages: in the first of which the waste is heated to a temperature of 100-110 ° C for 2 hours and kept in the second stage for 1 hour for removal of 80% moisture; in the third stage, the waste is heated to 180-235 ° C for 30-60 minutes to melt the bitumen and separate it from the base. 7. The method according to claim 3, in which the heating of the waste is carried out in several stages, in the first of which the waste is heated to a temperature of 100-110 ° C for 2 hours and kept in the second stage for 1 hour to remove 80% moisture, the third stage for 30-60 minutes, the waste is heated to 180-235 ° C for the melt of bitumen and its separation from the base. 8. The method according to claim 4, in which the heating of the waste is carried out in several stages, in the first of which the waste is heated to a temperature of 100-110 ° C for 2 hours and kept in the second stage for 1 hour to remove 80% moisture, the third stage for 30-60 minutes, the waste is heated to 180-235 ° C for the melt of bitumen and its separation from the base. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, in which kerosene or weightspirit with diesel fuel in a ratio of 1: 2 is used as a bitumen dissolving agent. 10. The method according to claim 3, in which kerosene or Wiistspirite with diesel fuel is used as a solvent dissolving bitumen in a ratio of 1: 2. 11. The method according to claim 4, in which as the solvent dissolving bitumen reagent is used kerosene or Wayspirite with diesel fuel in a ratio of 1: 2. 12. The method according to claim 6, in which kerosene or Wayspirite with diesel fuel is used as a solvent dissolving bitumen in a ratio of 1: 2. 13. Installation for implementing a method for the processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste, containing a boiler for melting bitumen, which contains a working chamber and a furnace part connected through a flue gas outlet pipe with a duct to reduce the pressure of the flue gas stream, in addition, the installation contains a gas separator for carbon black collection and deposition and a filtering device for flue gas treatment, and a pipeline connecting in series the duct, separator and filtering device. 14. The installation according to item 13, in which the capacity of the working chamber does not exceed 300 l. 15. Installation according to item 13 or 14, which is equipped with a fan or pump for the removal of flue gas. 16. A gas separator for trapping and precipitating soot in an installation for implementing a method for processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste, containing at least one chamber, with removable vertical mesh partitions whose height is smaller than the height of the chamber and are installed on the upper and lower the walls of the chamber in a checkerboard pattern, alternating one after another. 17. The gas separator according to clause 16, which contains at least 15 partitions. 18. The gas separator according to item 16 or 17, in which the cells of the partitions are 1-5 mm in size. 19. The gas separator according to item 16 or 17, the chamber capacity of which is at least 6 m ³ . 20. The gas separator according to claim 18, the chamber capacity of which is at least 6 m ³ . 21. A device for filtering gas in an installation for implementing a method for the processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing wastes, comprising a housing filled with water, at the bottom of which a gas divider is installed, made in the form of a hollow tank with a pipe for supplying gas and perforated tubes installed on its side surface . 22. A boiler for melting bitumen, used in the installation for implementing a method for processing and disposal of roofing bitumen-containing waste, containing a working chamber and a furnace part with a nozzle for removing flue gas, and the working chamber is equipped with a horizontal mesh screen for roofing waste, a nozzle for removing molten bitumen located at the bottom of the working chamber, the bottom of which is made in the form of a surface of a body of revolution.

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