RU2241518C2 - Apparatus for a gravity separation of mixes and extractive clearing of a heavy phase - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical industry; gravity separation of mixes.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with gravity separation of mixes and extractive clearing of a heavy phase and may be used chemical industry, in particular, in production of acetic acid. The apparatus contains a cage, inlet and outlet branch-pips, a built-in cover-free chamber for extraction. At that the cage is made out of coupled hollow horizontal and vertical cylinders with location of the second cylinder under the first one with a shift to a side opposite to the side, on which there is the inlet branch-pipe. T upper part of the chamber for extraction is located above the level of a liquid in the apparatus. Devices for feeding a heavy phase and an extractant are located accordingly in the upper and lower parts of the chamber, and the device for withdrawal of an extract are in the upper part of the chamber. The chamber for extraction may be made with a layer of packed elements and has a form of a cylinder. The cage is supplied with a chipper mounted opposite to the inlet branch-pipe. The outlet branch-pipes for liquid phases are supplied with the longitudinal plates mounted at the branch-pipes entry. The invention allows to increase the depth of a heavy phase extractive clearing, to eliminate difficulties in operation concerning the phases withdrawal in the case of small amount of a heavy phase.

EFFECT: the invention allows to increase the depth of a heavy phase extractive clearing, to eliminate difficulties in operation of phases withdrawal for a case of small amount of a heavy phase.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction of combined apparatuses for separating mixtures and can be used in chemical and related industries, in particular, in the production of acetic acid to reduce its losses.

Known sump, which contains a housing in the form of a vertical hollow cylinder, inlet and outlet pipes (Calculations of the main processes and apparatuses of oil refining. Reference. / Ed. By E.N. Sudakova. - M.: Chemistry, 1979, p. 494, Fig. VIII-2c).

A disadvantage of the known device is the small deposition area, which negatively affects its performance and makes it impossible to clean the heavy phase from one or another component with its multicomponent composition.

Also known is a sump containing a housing in the form of a horizontal hollow cylinder, inlet and outlet pipes. (Calculations of the main processes and apparatuses for oil refining. Handbook. / Ed. By E.N. Sudakov. M. “Chemistry.” 1979, p. 494, Fig. VIII-2a).

A disadvantage of the known device is the small height of the layers of settled light or heavy phases with a small amount of one or the other, which causes operational difficulties associated with the withdrawal of phases and the inability to clean the heavy phase from one or another component with its multicomponent composition.

Closest to the proposed solution is a device for gravitational separation of the mixture and extractive purification of the heavy phase, comprising a housing, inlet and outlet pipes, and a mixing chamber without a cover, used for extraction, is integrated into the housing (G. Yagodin. Basics of liquid extraction. - M. : Chemistry, 1981, p. 284-286).

The disadvantages of the known device are

- the impossibility of more than one step of changing the concentration during extraction, because the starting materials enter the apparatus by direct flow, and not by countercurrent;

- design complexity, because it is necessary to install an electric motor with a drive;

- power consumption.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the apparatus for gravitational separation of mixtures and extractive purification of the heavy phase, in which, thanks to the installation of the extraction chamber above the liquid level, as well as the original design of the apparatus, separation of multiphase multicomponent mixtures and extractive purification of the heavy phase is carried out.

The problem is solved in that in the apparatus for gravitational separation of mixtures and extractive purification of the heavy phase, comprising a housing, inlet and outlet nozzles, an integrated sleeveless extraction chamber, according to the invention, the housing is made in the form of articulated hollow horizontal and vertical cylinders with the second one under the first with a shift in the direction opposite to that on which the inlet pipe is located, the upper part of the extraction chamber being located above the liquid level in the apparatus, Twa for entering the heavy phase and the extractant are located respectively at the top and bottom of the chamber, and for their output devices are respectively disposed in upper and lower parts of the chamber.

The extraction chamber may be hollow or with a layer of packing elements.

The extraction chamber is in the form of a cylinder or part thereof.

The housing is equipped with a chipper installed opposite the inlet pipe.

The outlet nozzles for the liquid phases are provided with longitudinal plates mounted at their inlet.

The flushless extraction chamber integrated in the housing at any place allows the extractive cleaning of all or part of a given component from the specified component with extractant, which is part of the light phase.

The overall configuration of the apparatus in the form of articulated hollow cylinders, as well as the installation of a chamber for extraction above the liquid level, unlike the prototype, allows to increase the height of the built-in chamber and, together with the organization of the countercurrent phases, provide increased separation ability of the chamber, and the installation of a fixed layer of the nozzle eliminates the need for mixing . The countercurrent of phases in the extraction chamber is ensured by the fact that the devices for introducing the heavy phase and the extractant are located respectively in the upper and lower parts of the extraction chamber, and the devices for their output, respectively, in its lower and upper parts, the open upper end of the chamber being the device for extracting the extractant for extraction.

The extraction chamber may be hollow, with a dispersant at the inlet of the extractant, but to increase the separation ability of the extraction chamber, it is equipped with a layer of nozzle elements fixed by the support and pressure grids.

The extraction chamber may be of any shape, but the shape of the cylinder or part thereof has an advantage in terms of manufacturability.

The chipper, installed opposite the inlet pipe, serves to prevent or at least reduce disturbances introduced by the input stream of the initial mixture.

To prevent the occurrence of the effect of funnel formation, it is advisable that the outlet pipes for the liquid phases were equipped with longitudinal plates installed at the entrance to them.

The technical essence and principle of operation of the proposed device is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a longitudinal section of the apparatus.

The apparatus comprises a body in the form of an articulated hollow horizontal cylinder 1 and vertical cylinder 2 with the second one located under the first one with an offset to the side opposite to the one on which the inlet pipe 3, bump 4, and outlet pipes 5, 6, 7, respectively, for gas (steam) , light and heavy phases with longitudinal plates 8, 9, a sleeveless extraction chamber 10, preferably of a cylindrical shape, integrated in the housing, with inlet devices 11, 12 for the heavy phase and extractant and discharge devices respectively loi 13 and extractant phase 17, which serves as an open upper end of chamber 10 and packed bed 14, fixed support and the pressure bars 15 and 16, respectively.

The device operates as follows.

The heterogeneous initial mixture enters the horizontal cylinder 1 through the inlet pipe 3 in the form of a jet, gravitationally strikes the chimney 4, which dampens its speed, bypasses it and enters the zone of actual separation of the liquid mixture into light and heavy phases, and the gas (vapor) released is discharged through the nozzle 5. The productivity and dimensions of the apparatus are coordinated so that the residence time of the mixture in the separation zone is sufficient for its separation into light and heavy phases, as well as the height of the layer in the vertical th cylinder 2 even if its a small amount. The light and heavy phases are discharged, respectively, through nozzles 6 and 7, provided with longitudinal plates 8 and 9 to exclude the effect of funnel formation at the points where the phases are output. To extract from the cycle part of the heavy phase of the target component and return it to the process together with the light phase, the heavy phase stream or part thereof is fed by a circulation pump (not shown) through the device 11 to the upper part of the extraction chamber 10, to the lower part of which through the device 12 serves the extractant, which is part of the light phase. In the packed layer 14, fixed support and clamping grids 15 and 16, the extraction process; the extract through the upper end 17 of the chamber 10 is poured and mixed with the light phase returned to the process, the raffinate leaves the extraction chamber 10 and the apparatus through the device 13.

Experiments with process flows for the production of acetic acid gave the following results. In the apparatus according to the invention, after gravitational separation of the multiphase mixture and extractive purification of 113 kg / h of the heavy phase with a concentration of acetic acid 5.136 wt.% Water in the amount of 90 kg / h at one theoretical stage of separation in the extraction chamber, the concentration of acetic acid in the raffinate is 0.460 wt. % If the same heavy phase stream is subjected to extractive purification with water in an amount of 50 kg / h in an extraction chamber with three theoretical stages of separation, then the concentration of acetic acid in the raffinate will be 0.019 wt.%.

Due to the above differences, the apparatus for gravitational separation of mixtures and extractive purification of the heavy phase, in comparison with the prototype, allows for deeper extractive purification of the heavy phase and eliminates the difficulties of operation associated with the withdrawal of phases, even with a small amount of heavy phase.

Thus, the inventive combined apparatus effectively solves the problem and is recommended for industrial use, in particular in the production of acetic acid.

Claims (5)

1. Apparatus for gravitational separation of mixtures and extractive purification of the heavy phase, comprising a housing, inlet and outlet nozzles, an integrated sleeveless extraction chamber, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of articulated hollow horizontal and vertical cylinders with the second one located under the first with an offset to the side opposite to the one on which the inlet pipe is located, with the upper part of the extraction chamber located above the liquid level in the apparatus, a device for introducing a heavy phase and an extractant and located respectively in the upper and lower parts of the chamber, and the device for outputting the extract in the upper part of the chamber. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber for extraction may be with a layer of nozzle elements. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the extraction chamber has the shape of a cylinder. 4. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the housing is equipped with a chipper installed opposite the inlet pipe. 5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the output nozzles for the liquid phases are provided with longitudinal plates mounted at the entrance to them.