RU213976U1 - LED phytolamp - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to LED light sources for crop production and can be used to stimulate plant growth by adjusting and maintaining the radiation of LEDs of different glow colors at the required level.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the LED phytolamp containing a housing, a voltage converter, a control unit, a group of red LEDs and a group of blue LEDs, while containing three groups of red LEDs and three groups of blue LEDs, each group of LEDs is equipped with a current stabilizer and an electronic key connected in series with the corresponding group of LEDs, and all groups of LEDs of the same color are equipped with a common light sensor connected to the control unit. The technical result is an increase in the productivity of photosynthesis, an increase in biomass and yield.

Description

The utility model relates to LED light sources for crop production and can be used to stimulate plant growth by adjusting and maintaining the radiation of LEDs of different glow colors at the required level.

A linear LED phytolamp is known (RF patent No. 2709465, IPC F21S 4/24, A01G 7/04, publ. 12/18/2019, bull. No. 35), containing an aluminum housing, an LED strip installed in the lower part of the aluminum housing, and a channel for forced water cooling, and the LED strip contains LEDs of red, blue, yellow and UV emission spectrum, while each LED is equipped with a lens that creates a light beam with an angle of 60 °.

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to control the intensity of the LEDs of each spectrum.

A light emitting device, a light source based on LED (light emitting diode) for crop production and an industrial plant for growing plants is known (RF patent No. 2580325, IPC F21S 8/04, H01L 33/50, A01G 7/00, publ. No. 10) containing an LED (light emitting diode) light source for horticulture, which includes red and blue spectrum LEDs and a phosphor-containing encapsulating resin that coats the LED chips.

The disadvantage of this light-emitting device is the inability to control the intensity of the glow of the LEDs of each spectrum.

A controlled lighting system is known (RF patent No. 2579746, IPC H05B 33/08, publ. 27.08.2013, bull. No. 24), containing a plurality of controllable LEDs, a diffusing optical element that determines the available angular range of light emission, a controller programmed with the possibility of implementation a plurality of different light emission schemes by using a set of pre-programmed control parameters of controlled LEDs, a light sensor, information from which is fed to the controller and used to create various light emission schemes.

The disadvantage of this system is the increased complexity and cost.

A phyto-LED module is known (utility model patent No. 186764, A01G 7/04, publ. 01/31/2019, bull. No. 4), containing a group of LEDs for plants with an emission range from 400 to 700 nm, a varistor and a resettable fuse, a power supply, which includes a diode bridge, a capacitor, a current stabilizer microcircuit, a current-setting resistor, and the phyto-LED module is made in the form of a printed circuit board with an aluminum base, on which LEDs, a varistor, a resettable fuse and all elements of the power supply are installed by automatic surface mounting.

The disadvantage of the phyto-LED module is the increased complexity and the lack of the possibility of separate regulation of the radiation intensity in certain spectral ranges.

Closest to the claimed utility model is a method for energy-saving pulsed irradiation of plants and a device for its implementation (patent for invention No. 2554982, A01G 7/04, A01G 9/26, publ. , three groups of LEDs (red, green and blue radiation spectrum) located in the housing, pulse shapers, control unit, pulse parameter regulators, pulse periodicity setters, pulse amplitude setters, pulse duration setters, pulse phase angle setters included in each group of LEDs , calculator and sensor of plant productivity.

However, pulsations of light for higher plants do not make sense, they are adapted to the continuous light flux of the Sun. Thus, the conversion of continuous radiation into pulsed radiation is associated with energy losses and does not make sense for higher plants. In addition, the presence of green rays contributes to an increase in the air temperature in the room. At the same time, the intensity of respiration in plants increases, and the intensity of photosynthesis decreases. Excessive lighting, accompanied by heating of the air and leaf surface, will reduce the yield.

The task to be solved by the claimed utility model is to develop an LED phytolamp, which provides the possibility of separate regulation of the radiation of LEDs of different luminescence spectrum, and does not affect the climatic factors of the room.

The technical result is an increase in the productivity of photosynthesis, an increase in biomass and yield.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the LED phytolamp containing a housing, a voltage converter, a control unit, a group of red LEDs and a group of blue LEDs, while containing three groups of red LEDs and three groups of blue LEDs, each group of LEDs is equipped with a current stabilizer and an electronic key connected in series with the corresponding group of LEDs, and all groups of LEDs of the same color are equipped with a common light sensor connected to the control unit.

Light absorption is carried out by specific pigments. At the same time, the most numerous pigment, chlorophyll, most effectively absorbs red (≥630 nm) and blue (450-480 nm) light. Auxiliary pigments such as carotenoids and xanthophylls absorb some blue and violet (≤450 nm) light and transmit it to the photosynthesis reaction center. In general, plants absorb blue and red, while green (from 510 to 550 nm) reflects or transmits. That is why the leaves of plants are mostly green.

Light is a source of energy for photosynthesis, and the maximum absorption of energy by chlorophylls in the leaves of higher plants is in the blue and red regions of the spectrum. In addition, blue and red light play a key role in the processes of photomorphogenesis and photoperiodism. The blue and red light reception system is activated during germination and regulates the growth of the hypocotyl, the straightening of the hypocotyl hook, the growth of cotyledons, the synthesis of anthocyanins in the seedling, and the synthesis of ethylene. The intensity of the reactions is directly proportional to the power of the light flux.

The essence of the design is to use groups of efficient red and blue LEDs, where each group of LEDs is connected in series with a current stabilizer and an electronic key, which allows you to turn on and off groups of LEDs by a signal from a light sensor, changing the ratio of the blue and red parts of the spectrum, and thus control plant photomorphogenesis indoors. The device changes the ratio of the blue and red parts of the spectrum, as a result of which blue and red light receptors are activated in plants, and the corresponding reactions are triggered. The device allows you to simulate indoor lighting conditions for light-loving and shade-tolerant plants, lighting conditions in the mountains and valleys, at different geographical latitudes, as well as in the morning, afternoon and evening hours. At the same time, the device does not heat the room and the surface of the sheets, that is, it does not violate the required microclimate in the room, as a result of which the most optimal conditions for photosynthesis and the accumulation of plant biomass are provided.

The figure shows a block diagram of an LED phytolamp.

The LED phytolamp contains a housing 1, a voltage converter 2, the input of which is connected to a 220 V mains, current stabilizers 3, 4, 5 groups of red LEDs are connected to the output of the voltage converter 2, to the output of which controllable electronic switches 6, 7, 8 groups of red LEDs are connected with groups of red LEDs 9, 10, 11 connected in series, respectively, current stabilizers 12, 13, 14 groups of blue LEDs are also connected to the output of the voltage converter 2, to the output of which controlled electronic switches 15, 16, 17 groups of blue LEDs with series-connected groups are connected blue LEDs 18, 19, 20, respectively, a light sensor 21 groups of red LEDs, and a light sensor 22 groups of blue LEDs connected to the control unit 23. The control inputs of controlled keys 6-8, 15-17 are also connected to the control unit 23.

LED phytolight works as follows.

When voltage converter 2 is connected to AC 220 V, a stabilized DC voltage of 12 (24) V appears at its output, which is fed to current stabilizers 3, 4, 5 groups of red LEDs operating in the range of 440-450 nm, and current stabilizers 12 , 13, 14 groups of blue LEDs operating in the range of 650-660 nm. Controlled electronic keys 6, 7, 8 groups of red LEDs are electronic current switches, and switch the current through groups of red LEDs 9, 10, 11, respectively, emitting in the range of 440-450 nm, on command from the control unit 23. Controlled electronic keys 15 , 16, 17 groups of blue LEDs are also electronic current switches, and switch the current through the groups of blue LEDs 18, 19, 20, respectively, emitting in the range of 650-660 nm, on command from the control unit 23. Light sensor 21 groups of red LEDs and light sensor 22 groups of blue LEDs provide information to the control unit 23 about the level of illumination in the red and blue spectra. The use of a light sensor of 21 groups of red LEDs and a light sensor of 22 groups of blue LEDs makes it possible to more accurately automatically or manually adjust the intensity of the LEDs, which allows you to achieve maximum intensity of plant growth.

The control unit 23 adjusts the intensity of the luminous flux of the groups of red and blue LEDs depending on the type of plants, and depending on the time of day by controlling electronic keys, while the number of switched on groups of red and blue LEDs changes.

To achieve a technical result (management of plant photomorphogenesis), it is necessary to change the ratio of the blue and red parts of the spectrum, as a result of which blue and red light receptors will be activated in plants, and the corresponding reactions will be triggered. In addition, it will be possible to simulate lighting conditions for light-loving and shade-tolerant plants, lighting conditions in mountains and valleys, at different geographical latitudes, as well as in the morning, afternoon and evening hours.

In particular, when growing seedlings, a change in the ratio of blue and red rays is used as follows. At the beginning of germination, it is desirable that there are more red rays than blue ones, therefore, a ratio of blue: red rays of 1:3 is used.

After the appearance of the first true leaves, it is desirable to increase the proportion of blue light: the ratio of blue: red rays is 3:1. This allows you to build a good root system.

When the set of green mass begins, the proportion of blue is reduced: the ratio of blue: red rays is 1: 3, this becomes a signal for accelerated growth and development. An excess of blue spectrum can result in oversized leaves and short internodes.

The net productivity of photosynthesis (NPP) is determined both by the accumulation of a substance during photosynthesis and its consumption during respiration. It characterizes the intensity of photosynthesis of crops and is measured by the amount of dry mass of plants (g), which synthesizes 1 m ^{2 of} the leaf surface in 1 day. NPF is determined for any period or on average for the growing season:

NPF \u003d (B ₂ - B ₁ ) / FP,

where B ₁ and B ₂ - dry weight of plants per unit area at the end and at the beginning of the period, FP - photosynthetic potential.

FP \u003d S × T,

where S is the average leaf area for the period (half the sum of leaf areas for two subsequent determinations), thousand ^m2 /ha; T is the duration of the period, days.

Table 1

Index A full range of Red, green and blue rays Red and blue rays Wheat Lgovskaya 8, tillering - BBCH 23-29 FP, thousand m ² /ha day 183.7 203.2 342.4 NPF, g/m ² days 3.42 3.90 5.38 Cucumber Dolomite, protected ground Leaf area, cm ² 407.3 427.4 478.2 FP, million m ² /ha day 3.76 3.94 5.42 Productivity, kg/m2 16.4 16.8 19.7 Potato Gala Leaf area, thousand m ² / ha 36.5 35.5 37.9 FP, thousand m ² /ha day 1387 1396 1572 NPF, g/m ² days 26.2 26.4 37.6 Productivity, kg / m ² 29.7 30.1 42.0

Table 1 shows the results of comparative studies on the effects of LED phytolamps - the claimed and the prototype, as well as the results of full spectrum lighting.

The intensity of illumination by phytolamps was the same in three variants. In cucumber plants, NPP was not determined due to repeated collections of greens.

As can be seen from Table 1, when illuminated with light of the same intensity, including the full spectrum and a set of red, green, and blue rays, the PP and NPP almost did not change in wheat, cucumber, and potato plants. The exclusion of inefficient quanta of the green part of the spectrum (red and blue rays) led to an increase in the PP, NPP and plant yield.

Data on the length and dry weight of shoots of tomato plants (12 days), illustrating the efficiency of biomass accumulation under illumination with red and blue spectrum lamps, are shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from Table 2, the accumulation and distribution of plant biomass depends on the ratio of blue and red rays.

table 2

Index The ratio of the intensity of illumination by blue and red rays 3:1 1:3 Dry weight of leaves, mg 66 43 Stem dry weight, mg 16 fifteen Dry weight of the root, mg 40 32 Shoot length, mm 51 78

Blue rays contribute to the accumulation of dry mass and inhibition of growth in length. Red rays, on the contrary, contribute to the extension of the stem. By changing the ratio of blue and red rays, it is possible to control the morphogenesis of plants.

Thus, an LED phytoluminaire containing a housing, a voltage converter, a control unit, three groups of red LEDs and three groups of blue LEDs, each of which is equipped with a current stabilizer and an electronic key connected to the corresponding group of LEDs, and all groups of LEDs of the same color are equipped with a common sensor illumination, connected to the control unit, provides an increase in the productivity of photosynthesis, an increase in biomass and yield.

Claims (1)

An LED phytolamp containing a housing, a voltage converter, a control unit, a group of red LEDs and a group of blue LEDs, characterized in that the LED phytoluminaire contains three groups of red LEDs and three groups of blue LEDs, each group of LEDs is equipped with a current stabilizer and an electronic key connected in series with corresponding group of LEDs, and all groups of LEDs of the same color are equipped with a common light sensor connected to the control unit.

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