RU2139118C1 - Football player exercising apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sportive equipment. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has sensor unit sensitive to ball blows and computer. Sensor unit is positioned in the vicinity of goal and is connected to computer. Apparatus may be further provided with ball feeding device, shields-obstacles with sensors, unit for signalling passage of predetermined place on playing field by football player, video camera and video recorder, which are connected to computer. Apparatus is carried by coach and allows program for individual exercising of football player to be set, data on exercising results to be automatically gathered and current exercising results to be compared with previous results by means of computer. EFFECT: increased efficiency and simplified construction. 13 cl, 12 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for sports games, and more specifically, to devices for training a soccer player with a ball, mainly for training shots on goal. In some cases, the proposed device can be used for group exercises of football players related to the ball in front of the goal and then striking at the goal.

 A remote analogue of the invention is a known device for supplying balls to football players (US patent N 4122822, CL F 41 B 7/00, 124.54, priority from 12/13/1976). This device contains an electric motor striking the pusher of the ball and a node transmitting movement from the electric motor to the striking pusher. However, this analogue does not allow measuring and remembering the time and speed characteristics of a football player performing training exercises.

 A device for training when playing the ball is known (USSR patent N 663272, class A 63 B 69/34, 1979), which is selected as a prototype. This device contains a football goal, a sensor unit that responds to a ball hit, made in the form of a shield and located in the plane of the football goal. This device allows you to take into account the accuracy and speed of the ball. However, it does not allow you to accurately record the time of the exercise, does not allow for accurate repeatability of the conditions for the training exercise, does not automatically evaluate the results of training of one or several football players, and also does not automatically compare the results of training of different players and the same soccer player conducted in different conditions and in different periods of time. This well-known device does not allow you to record the correctness of passing the obstacles and labyrinths by the football player, and to automatically record the football player’s exercise on the video equipment.

 The proposed device allows to improve the effectiveness of the training process of a football player. The technical result of the invention lies in the fact that it becomes possible to ensure exact repeatability of the conditions for the implementation of the training exercise, set (enter in the computer) a program for individual training of a football player with a ball, the implementation of which will be monitored by a computer and accurately record the time of the exercise, the start and end time of the exercise . The proposed device will allow you to quickly develop the necessary skills in a football player. In addition, it provides automatic evaluation of each attempt to perform a given exercise, storing grades and calculating averaged grades from the results of one training session and from the results of several training sessions for a given predetermined period of time (week, month, etc.), and compares the training results with the grades of this the same player received at another time, and with the ratings of other players. The proposed device allows you to bring the training conditions closer to the situations that arise in the game, improve the player’s realization of goal scoring opportunities, ensure that the player performs a number of actions (running with or without a ball, tracing obstacles, performing feints, etc.) before the final shot on goal and ask strict time limits on the exercise. The proposed device also allows you to remember the place in the football goal, where the ball falls after the kick of a football player, to remember the power of the ball to hit, measure and remember the duration of the player’s exercise. The proposed device allows you to put a football player in a tight time frame, i.e. limit the time to complete the exercise. The time allocated in the training program for the exercise can be gradually reduced, which allows the player to develop the necessary speed for the exercise. Since the result of each shot on goal and each exercise is recorded, the player gets used to the maximum concentration during each shot and in general each exercise, so the percentage of scoring chances increases.

 The traditional work of a football coach, especially during the training of children and youth teams during the training of novice football players, is associated with the direct participation of the coach in the training process and provides for the constant monitoring of the coach's performance of the specified exercises by the player. The coach subjectively assesses the quality of the exercise and the progress or regression of the football player or his stomping on the spot. At the same time, the number of football players to whom the coach can pay sufficient attention during one training is limited. The proposed device will help the trainer to provide quality training for a significantly larger number of players and receive objective assessments of the results of each football player's training. When working with already established football players, the proposed device will help the coach quickly assess the state of the football player, for example, after forced breaks in training, after the football player arrives in the national team, to assess the improvement in the player’s performance of certain exercises after his independent studies aimed at improving his skill.

 The trained and even outstanding football masters of the proposed device will help to control their condition when preparing for the new season or when recovering from an illness or injury.

 The described technical result is achieved in that the device for training a football player comprises a football goal, a sensor unit responsive to a ball hit made in the form of a shield and located in the plane of the football goal (the distinguishing features follow) the device also contains a computer, a unit for supplying soccer balls , means for controlling a node for supplying soccer balls and a node for signaling a player passing a predetermined place on a soccer field, the sensor node, a node for signaling the passage of football the volume of a given place on the football field and the control unit for supplying soccer balls are connected to a computer. The above shield may occupy part of the plane of the football goal.

 The site for signaling the passage of a football player a given place on the football field can be made in the form of a light source and a photocell located in a given place of the football field so that the beam from the light source is directed to the photocell, the output of which is connected to the input of the computer, and the football player the specified beam crosses the specified beam.

 The site for signaling the passage of a football player a given place on the football field can be made in the form of a shield lying on a given place of the football field and containing at least one pressure sensor, the output of which is connected to the input of the computer. A device for training a football player may include an obstacle shield that is located on a soccer field and contains a pressure sensor connected to a computer.

 The proposed device may contain a video camera, video recorder and television, and the video camera is connected to a video recorder that is connected to the TV, and the video camera, video recorder and TV are connected to a computer.

 The proposed device may contain a node for dialing a code of a football player connected to a computer. Moreover, the footballer's code dialing unit can be made in the form of a number of toggle switches and / or buttons, as well as in the form of a telephone dial pad.

 A device for training a football player may include a node issuing a football player a signal about the start of a given exercise, and the specified node is connected to a computer.

 In the proposed device, the shield may contain several shields that are spaced at intervals less than the diameter of a soccer ball and contain at least one pressure sensor.

 The sensor node may contain a set of parallel horizontal bare wires, a set of parallel vertical bare wires, a power source and sensors for the presence of current flowing in each wire, and adjacent parallel wires in each set are at fixed distances smaller than the diameter of the soccer ball, and horizontal and vertical wires are located at a distance that can be reduced to zero, with each horizontal wire connected to the same pole source supply, and each vertical wire is connected to the other pole of the power source.

 The sensor node may contain a set of parallel horizontal bare wires, a set of parallel vertical bare wires, a power source, resistors, a horizontal wire number encoder and a vertical wire number encoder, with adjacent parallel wires in each set being at fixed distances smaller than the diameter of the soccer ball, and horizontal and vertical wires are located at a distance that can be reduced to zero, one of the ends of each horizontal water is connected through a resistor to one of the poles of the power supply, the other end of each horizontal wire is connected to the encoder of the horizontal wire number, one end of each vertical wire is connected through the resistor to the other pole of the power supply, and the other end of each vertical wire is connected to the encoder of the vertical wire number .

 Description of the invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device for training a football player.

 In FIG. 2 shows an option for attaching a shield.

 In FIG. Figure 3 shows the installation of the shield in a soccer goal when the shield occupies part of the goal area.

 In FIG. Figure 4 shows the option of installing a shield in a soccer goal when the shield covers the entire area of the soccer goal.

 In FIG. 5 shows a shield with four sensors in the corners of the shield.

 In FIG. 6 shows the installation of several shields in a football goal.

 In FIG. 7 shows the option of attaching several shields in the gate.

 In FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a sensor assembly of wires.

 In FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of a sensor assembly of wires.

 In FIG. 10 shows the sensor assembly in the form of a grid on stretch marks.

 In FIG. 11 shows a node for signaling the passage of a football player of a given place on the football field (top view and sectional view).

 In FIG. 12 shows an obstacle shield (front and side views).

In the drawings indicated:
1 - football field
2 - football goal,
3 - horizontal bar
4 - goal post,
5 - sensor node,
6 - node supply balls
7 - means of control node supply balls
8 - node signaling the passage of a football player of a given place on the football field,
9 - turnstile,
10 - node dialing code of a football player,
11 - node issuing a football player a signal about the start of a given exercise,
12 - shield obstacle
13 - video camera,
14 - VCR and TV,
15 - computer
16 - shield
17 - pressure sensor
18 - supporting rack,
19 - horizontal bare wire,
20 - vertical bare wire,
21 - power source,
22 - current sensor,
23 is a resistor
24 - encoder,
25 - mesh
26 - stretching
27 - sensor tensile forces,
28 - obstacle shield,
29 - support.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device for training a football player, which comprises a football goal 2 mounted on a football field 1, comprising a crossbar 3 and a bar 4, wherein a sensor assembly 5 is placed in the football goal 2, which responds to a hit by a soccer ball. The output of the sensor node 5 is connected to the input of the computer 15, and the connection between the sensor node 5 and the computer 15 is not shown.

 A device for training a football player comprises a soccer ball feeding unit 6. The soccer ball feeding unit 6 comprises means for controlling the soccer ball 7, which is connected to the computer 15, receives control signals from the computer 15 and, in accordance with the received signals, controls the mechanism of the soccer ball. If the solenoid (electromagnetic) principle of operation of the ball feed unit 5 is used, then the control means of the unit 6 includes voltage to the winding of the solenoid, the core of which hits the ball. The ball feed assembly may include a platform rotating and tilting at different angles on which a solenoidal impact mechanism is mounted to provide control over the direction of the ball releasing from the ball feed assembly. The force of impact of the core of the solenoid on the ball can be adjusted by the current strength in the solenoid. The necessary control signals are issued from the computer in accordance with the program specified by the user. If the ball-feeding unit uses not an electromagnetic device, but a mechanical one, as in the above patent, then the force of impact on the ball can be controlled by increasing the speed of rotation of the percussion mechanism. If the pneumatic principle of the impact mechanism will be used, the control signal from the computer will ensure the opening of a valve controlled, for example, by a solenoid, which releases a stream of air into the ball under pressure.

 A device for training a football player comprises a node 8 for signaling the passage of a football player of a predetermined place on the football field connected to the computer 15, wherein said node 8 can be made in the form of a light source and a photocell (Fig. 1) located in a football field location specified by the football player or coach, that the beam of the light source is directed at the photocell, and the football player crosses the specified beam during its movement. In another embodiment, the signaling unit 8 of a football player passing a predetermined place on the football field may contain (Fig. 11) a shield 16 with pressure sensors 17, while the shield 16 must lie on a predetermined location of the football field and be thin enough not to interfere with the movement of the football player, and at the same time durable. Instead of a shield, you can use a rug with many pressure sensors 17.

 The sensor unit 5 can be made (Fig. 2, side view) in the form of a shield 16 on which one or more pressure sensors 17 are installed. The shield 16 can be, as shown in FIG. 2, is attached to the support column 18. The pressure sensor is connected to the computer 15. The shield 16, as shown in FIG. 3 may occupy part of the plane of the football goal 2 or, as shown in FIG. 4, the shield 16 may occupy the entire plane inside the football goal 2. wherein the shield has a rectangular shape.

 As shown in FIG. 5. the shield 16, which occupies the entire plane of the football goal 2 (in Fig. 4), can have one pressure sensor 17 in each corner. The shield 16, on which the pressure sensors 17 are installed, must ensure satisfactory transmission of sound waves through the shield, which , of course, depends on the choice of shield material, moreover, the shield must have sufficient strength, withstand ball impacts and conduct sound waves. The pressure sensors 17 are connected to the computer 15.

 In the plane of the football goal 2 (Fig. 6), several shields 16 can be installed with gaps between them less than the diameter of the soccer ball, with each shield having at least one pressure sensor 17. The pressure sensors 17 used can record only the moment the ball is hit about the shield, in other cases, the sensors can allow you to record the force of impact of the ball on the shield. A possible fastening of the shields 16 is shown in FIG. 7.

 The sensor node 17 may contain in the plane of the football goal 2 (Fig. 8) a set of parallel horizontal bare wires 19, a set of parallel vertical bare wires 20, a power source 21 and current sensors in the wire 22. Neighboring parallel wires in each set are at fixed distances smaller than the diameter of a soccer ball. The horizontal wires 19 from the vertical wires 20 are at such a distance that, when hit by a ball due to the flexibility of the wires, can be reduced to zero, while contact arises between part of the horizontal wires and part of the vertical wires. Each horizontal wire 19 is connected to a power source 21 directly or through a current sensor 22 (depending on the type of sensor 22 used, in Fig. 8 current sensors are located near the wires), and connected to the other pole of the power source 21 directly or through current sensors 22 parallel vertical wires 20. If current sensors 22 are not directly connected to the current flow circuit, as can be the case when electromagnetic relays or electronic relays are used as current sensors, then current sensors 22 have They are located in the immediate vicinity of wires 19 and 20, in order, for example, to respond to the magnetic field that occurs when current flows through wires 19 and 20.

 The current limiting resistors 23 may be included in the current circuit. All current sensors through the encoders 24 are connected to the computer 15.

 The sensor assembly 5 shown in FIG. 8 may contain not bare wires, but insulated wires 19 and 20, while the power supply 21 generates an alternating voltage, and current sensors 22 will respond to leakage in the AC wires 19 and 20.

 The sensor unit 5 in the plane of the football goal 2 (Fig. 9) may contain a set of parallel horizontal bare wires 19, a set of parallel vertical bare wires 20, a power supply 21, resistors 23, encoders 24 horizontal 19 and vertical 22 wires. The adjacent parallel wires in each set are at fixed distances less than the diameter of the soccer ball, and the horizontal wires are from the vertical ones at a distance that can decrease to zero when hit by a soccer ball.

 Each horizontal wire 19 is connected on one side through a resistor 23 to one of the poles of the power source, and on the other hand, to the encoder 24 of the horizontal wire number 19. Each vertical wire 20 is connected on one side through 23 to the other pole of the power source, and on the other parties - to the encoder 24 numbers of the vertical wire 20, and the encoders are connected to a computer.

 All of these horizontal wires 19 can, for example, be mounted on a grid that hangs freely in the plane of the football goal 2. And behind the grid, a shield can be mounted on which vertical wires, a power source, resistors, sensors and encoders are mounted.

 The sensor unit 5 may contain (Fig. 10) a net 25, extensions 26 and tensile force sensors 27. The net 25 on the extensions 26 is elastically stretched in the football goal so that it occupies the entire plane of the football goal (in Fig. 10, the net occupies part of the football goal ) The tensile force sensors 27 are located in the extensions 26 so that they can measure the tensile forces in the extensions 26 generated when the ball hits the net 25. The tensile force sensors 27 are connected to the computer 15.

 A device for training a football player may include an obstacle shield 12 (Fig. 1), which is located in a vertical position on the football field 1 and contains a pressure sensor connected to the computer 15.

 A device for training a football player may comprise (Fig. 1) a video camera 13, a video recorder and a television 14, wherein the video camera 13 is connected to a video recorder that is connected to a television. The camcorder, VCR and TV are connected to the computer 15 and controlled from it. For simplicity, FIG. 1, all communications between devices are not shown, but are only described in the text.

 A device for training a soccer player may comprise a soccer player 10 code dialing unit (Fig. 1) connected to a computer 15. This node allows the soccer player to enter his code into computer 15 from where he started the exercise, allowing all the results to be transmitted to computer 15 perform exercises associated with the name of the player. This node can be made in the form of a number of toggle switches, electric return buttons, keyboards, etc.

 A device for training a football player may include a node 11 issuing a football player a signal about the start of a given exercise (Fig. 1). The specified node may be in the simplest case, the source of the light signal connected to the computer. It may also contain an indicator block showing the code or name of the player, the code of the given exercise, the content of the given exercise, the number of specified repetitions of the exercise, the number of exercises performed, the degree of intensity of the exercise, etc. All the necessary data is issued by the computer 15 in accordance with the specified program, and the indicator unit contains the necessary display fields.

 All parts of the device for training a football player are connected to a computer and, as indicated, to each other using conductors or radio communications. Wired communication lines may be hidden at a certain depth under the football field if a stationary device is used. Otherwise, it is preferable to use radio communications. All devices can be powered from AC or DC power, from batteries or accumulators.

 A device for training a football player works as follows.

 In computer 15, a program is introduced that ensures the issuance by computer of the necessary control signals to all nodes and devices at the required points in time, including the issuance of signals to verify operability and preparation for work, the issuance of text on the computer monitor screen with a description of the exercise, the issuance of signals the beginning of the exercise on the node 11 issuing the soccer player a signal about the start of the exercise, issuing a control signal for the direction of movement of the ball, the force of the blow on the ball, the moment the ball leaves the means 7 for controlling the ball feed unit 6. VM 15 also outputs control signals to the video camera, continuously polls all the sensors and records all the information from the sensors.

 Field 1 sets the nodes and obstacles necessary for the exercise. At the same time, the coach can ask the football player an exercise from a set of typical or specially designed trainer exercises programmed on this computer. For example, on the field there is a knot 6 for supplying the balls, a knot 8 for signaling the player passing a given place on the football field (at the place where the exercise starts) and the same node at the place where the exercise ends. The same node can also be installed to record the moment a footballer passes a point on a football field, for example, when entering a labyrinth with obstacles during the exercise. A turnstile 9 is installed on the field if it is necessary to force the player to start the exercise at a strictly defined point in time. A node 11 for issuing a soccer player a signal about the start of a given exercise is installed, obstacle panels 12 in the form of, for example, a maze to provide additional load for a soccer player, an obstacle shield 12 simulating a goalkeeper and a footballer’s code dialing unit 10.

 The trainer enters from the computer keyboard 15 data that determines the football player’s training plan: number of the player, number of exercises, number of repetitions, intervals between exercises, degree of intensity of the exercise. In the memory of the computer 15 are the results of exercises performed by this and other players in different periods of time: for past years, during pre-season training, at the beginning, middle and end of the season, after injuries and illnesses, etc.

 The training plan can be entered into the computer 15 from a floppy disk or already be in the computer memory and called from the keyboard. A football player gets acquainted with a training plan on a computer monitor screen.

 When a football player is ready to perform exercises, he enters his number into the computer using node 10 dialing the code of the football player. On the site 11 of the issuance of a signal to the soccer player about the start of a given exercise, the computer gives the soccer player permission to start the exercise.

 The footballer starts moving through the signaling unit 8 of the passage of the footballer of the given place on the football field, and the corresponding signal enters the computer 15 and starts the entire program for the execution of the given exercise. The football player then passes, for example, a maze of obstacle shields 12, and the computer 15 captures signals from the sensors of the obstacle shields 12 about touching the football player or ball on the shield. Then the player can go through another node 8 signaling the passage of the player the specified place on the field, go to the goal and hit the goal. The exercise can start with the ball from the very beginning, or the ball is served at a certain point in the program, the computer 15 gives a signal to the node 6 supply balls, which is set to its original state at the right angles. The soccer player uses the submitted ball to hit the goal in accordance with the assignment. The ball after hitting a football player, if he hits the goal, triggers the sensor node 5 installed in the goal. Computer 15 constantly polls sensors 17, 22, 27 and captures their signals. These signals carry information about the ball getting into the goal, about the place in the goal where the ball hit, and about the strength of the ball. During the exercise, the image from the video camera 13, directed to the area of the field where the player is located, is automatically recorded on the VCR 14. After this, the exercise ends, and the player and the coach can watch the record of the player’s actions on the computer monitor 15 or TV 14 and see the results exercises on the monitor.

 A football player can view, for example, at a normal and slow pace and at different angles of view his actions when he hits his head on the goal and compare them with the image of an exemplary performance of a given exercise displayed next to in an adjacent monitor window.

 When describing the operation of the device for training a football player, it is necessary to explain the operation of some nodes. The sensors 17 shown in FIG. 5, when the ball hits the shield 16, they will record a sound wave passing through the shield 16 to the sensors 17 installed in the corners of the shield 16. Computer 15 will calculate the coordinates of the ball. The sensor unit 5, consisting of shields 16 with pressure sensors (in Fig. 6), simply fixes the place in the goal where the ball hit, since each shield 16 with a sensor is installed in a specific area of the goal 2, and all shields 16 with sensors overlap whole area of the gate 2.

 The sensor assembly in FIG. 8 works as follows. When the ball hits the goal, the horizontal wires 19 bend under the action of the ball and come into contact with the vertical wires 20, while the circuit closes for the passage of current, and the sensors 22 detect the passage of current in certain conductors and thereby determine the coordinates of the ball at the goal.

 In the sensor assembly of FIG. 9, when the horizontal 19 and vertical 20 wires are shorted by the impact of the ball, the voltage in the contact area of the vertical and horizontal wires changes, which ensures that the encoders 24 issue the necessary code corresponding to the coordinates of the ball in the goal.

 In the sensor assembly of FIG. 10, the signals from the sensors 27, fixing the time and tensile strength of the stretch marks 26, are supplied to a computer 15, which calculates the coordinates of the ball in the goal, taking into account different stretching start times and different tensile strength of stretch marks 26.

 Using the device for training a football player is possible not only for individual training, but also for group training, when football players perform the exercise one after another.

 Footballers can also perform exercises in pairs, with the first footballer throwing the ball after moving around the field, and the second footballer after the parallel movement hits the goal. You can also perform the exercise in the confrontation of two or more players.

 The main positive quality of the proposed device is that it is possible to automatically record the duration of the exercise and the accuracy and strength of the shot on goal, as well as automatically and objectively compare the results of the exercise of different soccer players or the same soccer player in different time periods. This allows you to improve the efficiency of the training process, free the coach from routine work and allows him to focus on creative work on the invention of new interesting and more effective training exercises and on analyzing the mistakes of football players in the training process. In addition, using the proposed device, the coach can direct the training of a significantly larger number of players. The proposed device allows you to obtain objective data to determine the form in which the player is, and to compare the players among themselves. Especially useful is the proposed device for young soccer players, for evaluating soccer players in the pre-season period, after injuries and illness, for evaluating the shape of soccer players who have arrived at the game of the national team. It is advisable to have stationary devices for training a football player in football schools and training groups for young soccer players. Such devices are also desirable to have on the basis of national teams and teams of the major league. A device for training a football player can be made in a mobile version.

 The device is industrially feasible, so all parts of the device can be made of parts mastered by the industry using well-known technological methods.

Claims (13)

 1. A device for training a football player, comprising a football goal, a sensor unit responsive to a ball hit, made in the form of a shield and located in the plane of the football goal, characterized in that it comprises a computer, a unit for supplying soccer balls, a means for controlling the unit for supplying soccer balls and a node for signaling a football player passing a given place on a football field, wherein a sensor node, a node for signaling a football player passing a given place on a football field and means for controlling a node for supplying fu the balls are connected to a computer.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said shield occupies part of the plane of the football goal.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the node for signaling the passage of a football player of a given place on the football field is made in the form of a light source and a photocell located in a given place of the football field so that the beam from the light source is directed to the photocell, the output of which is connected to the entrance of the computer, and the football player, when moving in a given place, crosses the specified beam.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the node for signaling the passage of a football player of a given place on a football spot is made in the form of a shield lying on a given spot of a football field and containing at least one pressure sensor, the output of which is connected to the input of the computer.  5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an obstacle shield, which is located on the football field and contains a pressure sensor connected to the computer.  6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a video camera, a VCR and a TV, the video camera connected to a VCR that is connected to a television, and a video camera, a VCR and a TV connected to a computer.  7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a footballer code dialing unit connected to a computer.  8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the footballer's code dialing unit is made in the form of a series of toggle switches and / or buttons.  9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the footballer's code dialing unit is made in the form of a disk telephone dialer.  10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a node issuing a football player a signal about the beginning of a given exercise, and the specified node is connected to a computer.  11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shield contains several shields that are spaced at intervals less than the diameter of a soccer ball and contain at least one pressure sensor.  12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor node contains a set of parallel horizontal bare wires, a set of parallel vertical bare wires, a power source and sensors for the presence of current flowing in each wire, and adjacent parallel wires in each set are at fixed distances smaller than the diameter of the soccer ball, and horizontal and vertical wires are located at a distance that can be reduced to zero, with each horizontal wire connected to the same pole of the power source, and each vertical wire is connected to another pole of the power source.  13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor node contains a set of parallel horizontal bare wires, a set of parallel vertical bare wires, a power source, resistors, a horizontal wire number encoder and a vertical wire number encoder, with adjacent parallel wires in each set at fixed distances less than the diameter of a soccer ball, and horizontal and vertical wires are at a distance at a distance that can be reduced to zero, one of the ends of each horizontal wire is connected through a resistor to one of the poles of the power source, the other end of each horizontal wire is connected to the encoder of the horizontal wire number, one of the ends of each vertical wire is connected through the resistor to the other pole of the power source, and the other end of each vertical wire is connected to the encoder vertical wire numbers.

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