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RU2138223C1 - Device for stereotaxic guiding of surgical tool - Google Patents

Device for stereotaxic guiding of surgical tool Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2138223C1
RU2138223C1 RU98103641A RU98103641A RU2138223C1 RU 2138223 C1 RU2138223 C1 RU 2138223C1 RU 98103641 A RU98103641 A RU 98103641A RU 98103641 A RU98103641 A RU 98103641A RU 2138223 C1 RU2138223 C1 RU 2138223C1
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ring
segment
removable segment
guiding
stereotaxic
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RU98103641A
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Russian (ru)
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А.С. Иова
Ю.А. Гармашов
А.Ю. Гармашов
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Иова Александр Сергеевич
Гармашов Юрий Анатольевич
Гармашов Андрей Юрьевич
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Abstract

FIELD: medicine, neurosurgery; applicable in performance of operations on head and neck, and in other fields of medicine. SUBSTANCE: device has main ring, phantom ring with coordinate appliance and transfer bow with guide module for surgical tool. Rings are made with removable segment. Transfer bow is secured to removable segment with the help of axle and may move and turn relative to axle. Axle is mounted on segment for moving along it. Removable segment may be alternately installed on both rings. EFFECT: higher accuracy in guiding of surgical tool, extended access to operation field in stereotaxic operations and provided use of stereotaxic guiding in all main types of neurosurgical operations on head and neck. 1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Изобретение относится к медицине и может быть использовано в нейрохирургии для операций на голове и шее, а также в других областях медицины. The invention relates to medicine and can be used in neurosurgery for operations on the head and neck, as well as in other fields of medicine.

Известно устройство для стереотаксического наведения хирургических инструментов, состоящее из рабочего кольца, идентичного ему фантомного кольца с координатным приспособлением, а также переносной дуги с направляющим модулем для хирургического инструмента (см. Абраков Л.В. Основы стереотаксической нейрохирургии, 1975, с. 189-214 - прототип). A device for stereotactic guidance of surgical instruments is known, consisting of a working ring, an identical phantom ring with a coordinate device, and also a portable arc with a guiding module for a surgical instrument (see L. Abrakov, Fundamentals of stereotactic neurosurgery, 1975, p. 189-214 - prototype).

Композиционная схема прототипа представлена на фиг. 1, где показаны замкнутое целое основное кольцо 1, такое же фантомное кольцо 2, переносная дуга 3, на которой устанавливается направляющий модуль 4 для хирургического инструмента 5. Дуга 3 может вращаться относительно оси 6 обоих колец и закрепляется в выбранном положении с помощью специального устройства (см. описание прототипа, стр. 192, рис. 84, деталь 3). The compositional scheme of the prototype is shown in FIG. 1, where a closed whole main ring 1 is shown, the same phantom ring 2, a portable arc 3, on which a guide module 4 for a surgical instrument 5 is mounted. Arc 3 can rotate about the axis 6 of both rings and is fixed in the selected position using a special device ( see prototype description, p. 192, Fig. 84, detail 3).

Порядок работы с данным устройством подробно приведен в представленной копии материала. The procedure for working with this device is given in detail in the submitted copy of the material.

Недостатками прототипа являются недостаточная точность наведения хирургического инструмента, а также ограниченность доступа к операционному полю из-за замкнутой конструкции основного кольца и расположения дуги и элементов ее крепления в области операционного поля (см. описание прототипа, стр. 192, рис.84, детали 2 и 3). The disadvantages of the prototype are the lack of accuracy of the guidance of the surgical instrument, as well as the limited access to the surgical field due to the closed design of the main ring and the location of the arc and its fastening elements in the surgical field (see the description of the prototype, page 192, Fig. 84, details 2 and 3).

Цель изобретения - повышение точности наведения хирургического инструмента, расширение доступа к операционному полю при стереотаксических операциях и возможность использования стереотаксического наведения при всех основных видах нейрохирургических операций на голове и шее. The purpose of the invention is to increase the accuracy of guidance of a surgical instrument, expand access to the surgical field during stereotactic operations and the possibility of using stereotactic guidance in all major types of neurosurgical operations on the head and neck.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что в устройстве для стереотаксического наведения хирургического инструмента, содержащем основное кольцо, фантомное кольцо с координатным приспособлением, а также переносную дугу с направляющим модулем для хирургического инструмента, кольца выполнены со съемным сегментом, переносная дуга закреплена на съемном сегменте посредством оси с возможностью смещения и поворота относительно указанной оси, которая смонтирована на сегменте с возможностью смещения вдоль него, а съемный сегмент выполнен с возможностью поочередной установки на обоих кольцах. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for stereotactic guidance of a surgical instrument containing a main ring, a phantom ring with a coordinate device, as well as a portable arc with a guiding module for the surgical instrument, the rings are made with a removable segment, the portable arc is fixed to the removable segment via the c axis the possibility of displacement and rotation relative to the specified axis, which is mounted on the segment with the possibility of displacement along it, and the removable segment is made with zhnosti alternate mounting on both rings.

Введение в устройство съемного сегмента позволяет исключить установку на кольцах имитатора трепанационного отверстия с помощью координатных шкал, что исключает неточность расчета и установки, а следовательно, повышает точность наведения хирургического инструмента. Съемный сегмент, кроме того, позволяет освободить операционное поле от инструментов, что расширяет сферу применения предлагаемого устройства, распространив его на все основные виды нейрохирургических операций. Наличие подвижных узлов дуги, оси, направляющего модуля для хирургического инструмента обеспечивает оптимальность их пространственного расположения над операционным полем или возможность вывести их за рамки операционного поля. The introduction of a removable segment to the device eliminates the installation on the rings of the simulator trepanation holes using coordinate scales, which eliminates the inaccuracy of calculation and installation, and therefore increases the accuracy of the guidance of the surgical instrument. The removable segment, in addition, allows you to free the surgical field from tools, which extends the scope of the proposed device, extending it to all major types of neurosurgical operations. The presence of movable nodes of the arc, axis, guide module for the surgical instrument ensures the optimum spatial location above the surgical field or the ability to move them outside the surgical field.

Устройство поясняется фиг. 2, где показана композиционная схема предлагаемого устройства. Это устройство содержит основное кольцо 1, фантомное кольцо 2, общий для них съемный сегмент 3. На сегменте 3 закреплена посредством оси 4 переносная дуга 5. Дуга 5 на оси 4 закреплена с возможностью смещения по отношению к оси, вращения вокруг нее и качания относительно оси 4. Сама ось 4 имеет возможность смещения вдоль сегмента 3. На дуге 5 смонтирован направляющий модуль 6 с хирургическим инструментом 7. Кроме того, устройство содержит элементы фиксации всех подвижных узлов (как в прототипе, на фиг. 2 не показаны). The device is illustrated in FIG. 2, which shows a compositional diagram of the proposed device. This device comprises a main ring 1, a phantom ring 2, a removable segment 3 common to them. A portable arc 5 is fixed to the segment 3 through the axis 4. 4. The axis 4 itself can be displaced along the segment 3. A guide module 6 with a surgical instrument 7 is mounted on the arc 5. In addition, the device contains fixing elements for all movable nodes (as in the prototype, not shown in Fig. 2).

Имеется также имитатор трепанационного отверстия 8, на подвижной штанге которого смонтировано колечко 9. Имитатор может быть установлен на сегменте 3. На фантомном кольце 2 имеется три координатные линейки 10, кончик одной из них 11 имитирует точку цели. There is also a trepanation hole simulator 8, on the movable rod of which a ring 9 is mounted. The simulator can be mounted on segment 3. On the phantom ring 2 there are three coordinate lines 10, the tip of one of them 11 imitates the target point.

Устройство используется следующим образом. Голова пациента крепится как обычно (см. прототип) в рабочем кольце 1. Фантомное кольцо 2 расположено рядом. Общепринятым способом осуществляется нейровизуализация (например, вентрикулография, компьютерная томография и пр.) и стереотаксические расчеты координат точки цели. В кости черепа формируется трепанационное отверстие. Съемный сегмент 3 с имитатором трепанационного отверстия 8 устанавливается на рабочем кольце 1, колечко имитатора 9 фиксируется над сформированным в костях черепа отверстием. Затем съемный сегмент с зафиксированным имитатором переносится на фантомное кольцо 2. Таким образом на фантомном кольце точно воспроизводится пространственное положение трепанационного отверстия. С помощью координатных линеек 10 фантомного кольца 2 устанавливается точка цели 11 (как в прототипе). На съемный сегмент 3 крепится ось 4 с дугой 5. В направляющий модуль 6 дуги 5 помещается хирургический инструмент 7, который ориентируется так, чтобы его конец попадал в точку цели 11, а сам инструмент проходил через колечко имитатора отверстия 9. Фиксируются все подвижные узлы. Определяется координата погружения хирургического инструмента по шкале модуля 6. После этого инструмент, перемещаясь в модуле, выводится из зоны колечка 9, а имитатор трепанационного отверстия удаляется с сегмента 3. Съемный сегмент 3 с зафиксированным хирургическим инструментом переносится с фантомного кольца 2 на основное кольцо 1. Затем инструмент перемещается в направляющем модуле на глубину ранее установленной координаты, достигая точки цели. The device is used as follows. The patient’s head is attached as usual (see prototype) in the working ring 1. Phantom ring 2 is located nearby. In the generally accepted way, neuroimaging is performed (for example, ventriculography, computed tomography, etc.) and stereotactic calculations of the coordinates of the target point. A trepanation hole is formed in the skull bone. A removable segment 3 with a simulator of the trepanation hole 8 is mounted on the working ring 1, the ring of the simulator 9 is fixed above the hole formed in the bones of the skull. Then, the removable segment with the fixed simulator is transferred to the phantom ring 2. Thus, the spatial position of the trepanation hole is accurately reproduced on the phantom ring. Using the coordinate lines 10 of the phantom ring 2 sets the point of the target 11 (as in the prototype). An axis 4 with an arc 5 is attached to the removable segment 3. A surgical tool 7 is placed in the guide module 6 of the arc 5, which is oriented so that its end falls at the target point 11, and the instrument passes through the ring of the hole simulator 9. All movable nodes are fixed. The coordinate of immersion of the surgical instrument is determined on the scale of module 6. After this, the instrument, moving in the module, is removed from the ring 9 zone, and the trepan hole simulator is removed from segment 3. The removable segment 3 with the fixed surgical instrument is transferred from the phantom ring 2 to the main ring 1. Then the tool moves in the guide module to the depth of the previously set coordinate, reaching the target point.

Предлагаемое устройство значительно повышает точность наведения хирургического инструмента за счет жесткой фиксации имитатора трепанационного отверстия и переносной дуги на съемном сегменте. Этим исключается перенос имитатора и дуги с основного на фантомное кольцо и обратно с использованием координат шкал. Использование этих шкал всегда связано с риском ошибок в расчете и установке. The proposed device significantly increases the accuracy of the guidance of the surgical instrument due to the rigid fixation of the simulator trepanation holes and portable arc on a removable segment. This eliminates the transfer of the simulator and the arc from the main to the phantom ring and vice versa using the coordinates of the scales. The use of these scales is always associated with the risk of errors in the calculation and installation.

Устранение из области хирургических манипуляций узлов устройства позволяет повысить удобство проведения стереотаксических операций и значительно расширить сферу применения предлагаемого устройства, включив в нее все основные виды нейрохирургических операций на голове и шее, в том числе и новорожденным за счет возможности приближения дуги к голове младенца (при стандартных размерах кольца). Elimination of the device nodes from the field of surgical manipulations allows to increase the convenience of stereotactic operations and significantly expand the scope of the proposed device, including all the main types of neurosurgical operations on the head and neck, including newborns due to the possibility of approaching the arc to the baby's head (with standard ring sizes).

Использованная литература
Абраков Л. В. Основы стереотаксической нейрохирургии. - Л.: Медицина, 1975, с. 189-215.
References
Abrakov L.V. Fundamentals of stereotactic neurosurgery. - L .: Medicine, 1975, p. 189-215.

Claims (1)

Устройство для стереотаксического наведения хирургического инструмента, содержащее основное кольцо, фантомное кольцо с координантным приспособлением, а также переносную дугу с направляющим модулем для хирургического инструмента, отличающееся тем, что кольца выполнены со съемным сегментом, переносная дуга закреплена на съемном сегменте посредством оси с возможностью смещения и поворота относительно указанной оси, которая смонтирована на сегменте с возможностью смещения вдоль него, а съемный сегмент выполнен с возможностью поочередной установки на обоих кольцах. A device for stereotactic guidance of a surgical instrument, comprising a main ring, a phantom ring with a coordinate device, as well as a portable arc with a guiding module for a surgical instrument, characterized in that the rings are made with a removable segment, the portable arc is fixed to the removable segment via an axis with the possibility of displacement and rotation relative to the specified axis, which is mounted on the segment with the possibility of displacement along it, and the removable segment is made with the possibility of alternating second installation on both rings.
RU98103641A 1998-02-19 1998-02-19 Device for stereotaxic guiding of surgical tool RU2138223C1 (en)

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