RU2138000C1 - Muzzle brake - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automatic small arms. SUBSTANCE: muzzle brake has a cylinder with a front wall and rear piston; the wall and the piston have central holes receiving the arms barrel. The barrel communicates with the cylinder cavity through gas escape holes, and the cylinder communicates with the atmosphere through vertical opposite slots. The cylinder with the piston is installed on the barrel rectilinearly for movement between the front and rear stops secured on the barrel. The cylinder is spring-loaded towards the rear stop, being engageable with one arm of the rocker hinged to the rear stop, and the piston is engageable with the other arm. EFFECT: efficient reduction of recoil energy, flame extinction and reduction of shot sound. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to small arms and more specifically to muzzle devices to reduce recoil.

 It is known that the use of a muzzle brake on a firearm and, above all, a manual automatic weapon significantly increases the effectiveness of its use.

 The diverse designs of the known muzzle brakes use the energy of the jet of powder gases flowing from the barrel.

 The first muzzle brakes appeared in the second half of the 19th century in artillery (R.A. Durlyakhov, Russia, A.Trel de Beaulieu, France). These brakes worked on a reactive principle, i.e. gunpowder gases of high temperature and pressure were diverted from the bore to the side opposite to the direction of the shot.

 In the 1870s, Colonel A. Trill de Beaulieu experimented with a muzzle brake for a rifle, borrowing the principle of artillery for him. Its rifle brake consisted of 36 backward inclined holes made in the muzzle of the barrel, the total cross-sectional area of which was equal to the cross-sectional area of the barrel bore.

 Despite the fact that the efficiency of damping the recoil of the jet brake was quite high, it was not widespread in hand weapons, since the flame of the powder gases taken back dazzles, and the sound of a shot stuns the shooter. In this regard, the use of jet brakes was limited to long-barreled, mainly artillery weapons, where the muzzle is far enough from the firing, or small-caliber automatic weapons like AK-74.

 In 1926, the United States patented the active brake of Colonel R. Kutz, who was tested in the army with rifles, PP, machine guns.

 This brake is a cylinder screwed onto the barrel at the muzzle end, the cavity of which essentially serves as a receiver of powder gases. On the sides of the cylinder has opposing vertical slots.

 Unlike a jet brake, R. Kutz's brake noticeably reduces the sound of a shot, effectively extinguishes the flame and reduces recoil energy by 46%. The low cost of manufacture, simplicity of design and maintenance ensured the widespread use of R. Kutz brakes. In particular, he had a SVT-40 rifle (see the magazine "Shotgun", October / November 96, p. 35.

 Somewhat less effective, but cheaper and simpler is J.Sev's active brake, first used in 1954 on an FNFAL rifle.

 It is also a cylinder, but it does not have vertical narrow multiple, but a small number of horizontal (longitudinal) wide slots, it effectively extinguishes the flame, reduces the sound of a shot and, although it reduces recoil by only 20-25%, it is the most powerful rifle and machine-gun cartridge reliable, in connection with which it is used, for example, on such weapons as SVD, PKM, RPK-74.

 The general principle for various designs of active and many reactive brakes is that they reduce the temperature and pressure of the powder gases entering the atmosphere, in which they approach the silencers, which, in addition to their intended purpose, effectively reduce recoil anergy.

 So, for example, when the weight of small arms is 4 kg, the recoil energy of the rifle cartridge is reduced by the active brake from 18 J to 11.5 J, by the dual-chamber reactive - by 7.84 J, and by the multi-chamber silencer Maxim - by 10.7 J.

 However, the widespread use of silencers is hindered by their bulkiness, complexity, high cost and considerable weight, which increases the weight of the weapon and disrupts its balance.

 For example, the high-performance Thundertrap silencer for a 7.62x51 NATO sniper rifle with a length of 215 mm and a diameter of 40 mm weighs 0.78 kg and costs $ 950.

 In addition, no matter how perfect the design of the brake or silencer, they cannot completely extinguish the recoil energy even theoretically.

 This is explained by the fact that the recoil energy is added, firstly, from the reaction of the jet of powder gases flowing from the barrel, and, secondly, from the reaction of a bullet flying out of the barrel (Newton’s third law). Hence: if the reaction of powder gases can be almost completely extinguished (due to their rotation in the jet brake, lowering temperature and pressure), then none of the known muzzle brakes can extinguish the reaction of a bullet. Moreover, the higher the weight and the initial velocity of the bullet, the stronger will be the recoil that is fought today with the only known method - increasing the mass of the weapon (the amount of movement of the bullet, i.e., its mass times the speed, is equal to the amount of movement of the weapon, whose speed , which determines the force of bestowal, will be the lower, the greater its mass).

 The set of essential features closest to the invention is a small arms muzzle brake containing a powder receiver cylinder mounted on the barrel, having a wall with a central hole for the barrel and slots communicating the cylinder cavity with the atmosphere described in application FR 2693547, A1, cl. F 41 A 21/36, 01/19/92.

 A disadvantage of the known brake is the relatively low efficiency of reducing the recoil energy in that part that is created by the powder gases and in the inability to fend off that part of the recoil energy that is caused by the mass pulse of the outgoing bullet.

 The invention solves the problem of increasing the effectiveness of an active muzzle brake for small arms by reducing that part of the recoil energy, which is due to the interaction of the masses of the bullet and the weapon.

 The problem is solved in that in the muzzle brake of small arms containing a powder receiver cylinder mounted on the barrel, having a wall with a central hole for the barrel and slots communicating the cylinder cavity with the atmosphere, the cylinder is equipped with a rear piston with a central hole for the barrel and mounted on the barrel between the front and rear stops of the barrel is linearly movable and spring-loaded towards the rear stop, while the cylinder interacts with one shoulder of the rocker arm mounted on the rear stop, orshen - with another, and the space between the cylinder wall and the piston is constantly connected to a channel venting hole bore.

 In addition, the slots communicating the cavity of the cylinder with the atmosphere are made opposite vertical.

 The drawing schematically shows the device of the claimed brake, side view, partial section.

 The brake contains a cylinder 1, which serves as a receiver of powder gases. The cylinder has vertical through slits 2 made on the sides (opposite), communicating the internal cavity of the cylinder 1 with the atmosphere. The volume of the cylinder cavity is approximately an order of magnitude larger than the volume of the bore. The front wall 3 of the cylinder has a central hole through which the barrel 4 of the weapon passes freely. At the rear, cylinder 1 is closed by a piston 5 having an opening similar to that of the front wall 3. When assembled, cylinder 1 with a piston 5 is mounted between the front 6 and rear 7 stops fixed to the barrel 4 with the possibility of rectilinear reverse movement along the barrel 4. On the rear stop 7 a rocker 8 is mounted, the lower arm of which interacts with a special protrusion 9 of the cylinder 1, and the upper one with the piston 5. A spring 10 mounted between the front stop 6 and the protrusion 9 acts on the cylinder 1 in the direction of the rear stop 7, Single projection 9 to the lower shoulder of the rocker 8. The cavity of the cylinder 1, bounded by the front end wall 3 and rear - the piston 5, regardless of the relative position of the cylinder 1 and the piston 5 on the barrel 4 is constantly connected with the bore 4 vertical venting hole 11.

 The brake operates as follows.

 When fired, when the bullet, moving along the barrel, passes gas vents 11, part of the powder gases rushes into the cavity of cylinder 1, where, expanding, it loses temperature and about one order of magnitude - pressure. With further expansion already in the cavity of the cylinder 1, the gases push the cylinder 1 and the piston 5 in different directions with velocities inversely proportional to their masses, and since the mass of the piston 5 is much lower, its speed is correspondingly higher. Acting in its movement on the upper arm of the rocker arm 8, the piston 5 rotates the rocker arm clockwise. Accordingly, the lower arm of the rocker arm 8, acting on the protrusion 9, begins to further accelerate the cylinder 1, as a result of which the speeds of the cylinder 1 and the piston 5 are eventually aligned. At the end of its stroke, cylinder 1 encounters the front limit stop 6, telling him, and through it, the barrel 4, a shock pulse that extinguishes the corresponding part of the recoil energy. After the cylinder 1 hits the stop 6, the cylinder, under the influence of the spring 10, returns and all the brake parts return to their original position.

 Thus, leaving the barrel channel first through the gas vents 11, and then from the cavity of the cylinder 1 through the slots 2 into the atmosphere, the powder gases expand twice, as a result of which the flame is completely extinguished and the sound of the shot is significantly reduced, and the brake works not only as an active muzzle brake, but also like a silencer. The inertial impulse transmitted by the cylinder 1 to the barrel 4 extinguishes the remaining recoil energy so much that the small arms acquire new qualities.

 So, with a weapon weight of 4 kg and with a rifle cartridge with a light bullet, the use of the proposed brake reduces the recoil energy from 18 J to 0.84 J (by 95%), which allows aimed fire with long bursts of arms without stopping at the shoulder at ranges up to 150 m (without a muzzle brake - 10-15 m).

 The full cycle of operation of the proposed brake is 0.01-0.02 seconds, while the full cycle of automation of AKM or PKM is 0.1 second, which implies that by selecting the characteristics of the nodes and parts of the proposed brake, it can be used with almost any type of famous small arms.

Claims (2)

 1. A muzzle brake of small arms, comprising a cylinder for receiving powder gases mounted on the barrel, having a wall with a central hole for the barrel and slots communicating the cylinder cavity with the atmosphere, characterized in that the cylinder is provided with a rear piston with a central hole for the barrel and mounted on the barrel between the front and rear stops of the barrel is linearly movable and spring-loaded towards the rear stop, while the cylinder interacts with one shoulder of the rocker arm mounted on the rear stop, the piston with the other, and the cylinder cavity between the wall and the piston is constantly connected to the barrel bore by gas vents.  2. The muzzle brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the slots communicating the cavity of the cylinder with the atmosphere are made opposite vertical.