RU2137983C1 - Vortex heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat-power engineering; heat supply systems for domestic, industrial and agricultural objects. SUBSTANCE: system includes thermal pump made in form of vortex tube and enclosed inside hermetic heat exchange chamber. Vortex tube is connected with impeller pump. System includes two ultrasonic radiators at resonance frequency relative to liquid used. One radiator is located at pump impeller outlet and is made in form of circular grid with slotted holes; second radiator is mounted at vortex tube outlet and is made in form of impact jet vibrator - turning fork. Chamber of system is filled with permanent heavy inert gas. EFFECT: increased conversion factor of thermal pump; increased rate and temperature of heating without additional consumption of power. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a power system, and more particularly to liquid heaters using heat pumps, as well as vortex tubes and vortex heat transformers operating on the Rank-Hills effect, and can be used in heat supply and heating systems of industrial, agricultural, transport and utility facilities .

 A known heating system comprising a heat pump enclosed inside a sealed heat exchanger chamber with a liquid and gaseous working medium in the form of a vortex tube with a tangential nozzle inlet, a vane swirl at its outlet and a vane pump connected to it with an impeller and an engine [1].

 The known heating system allows for the heating of a liquid with an energy conversion coefficient above 1.0. The increase in thermal energy is achieved through the injection of energy from the environment using centrifugal and inertial forces in the processes of compressing the working medium on the peripheral wall of the pipe, pump blades and its expansion with desorption and cooling of dissolved gases in the axial region during continuous circulation.

 The injection of energy from the environment, which determines the conversion coefficient, heating time, and the maximum achievable temperature, is largely activated by cavitation processes in a liquid working medium and the accompanying ultrasonic radiation [2].

 A disadvantage of the known heating system is that cavitation and accompanying ultrasonic radiation occur and take place in uncontrolled and unregulated conditions in a very wide band of the spectrum, the intensity of cavitation and ultrasonic radiation may also be insufficient for effective heating.

 There is also a method of intensifying the heating of a liquid working medium (water) by exposing it to a circulating flow (quantization) by ultrasonic shock waves with a frequency in the range of 20-30 kHz.

 The impact on the circulating water flow by shock ultrasonic waves allows a 2.5 to 3 times increase in the heating temperature [3].

 This frequency causes a resonant development of cavitation in water, however, the saturation of water (saturation) with compressed gases, in particular heavy inert ones, which can significantly increase its boiling point, replacing water with other liquids, such as antifreeze, change the resonance frequency band, introduces additional resonances.

 The proposed device aims to eliminate these disadvantages of the known, increase the conversion coefficient of the heat pump, increase the speed and temperature of heating without additional energy costs.

The goal is achieved in the invention by the fact that:
the heat pump is additionally equipped with at least two shock-jet ultrasonic emitters with resonant oscillation frequencies, one of which is placed in the pump casing at the outlet of the impeller, and the second at its inlet and outlet of the vortex tube.

 In addition, the vane pump is made centrifugal, with a closed symmetrical wheel immersed in the liquid with a two-way inlet and additional vortex vanes between the main blades, the first emitter made in the form of an annular lattice with slit-like openings conjugated with the inter-blade channels of the wheel, and the second in the form shock tuning fork of ultrasonic frequency, rigidly connected with the blades of the swirler.

 In addition, the vortex tube is made dish-shaped, sectional, and its swirl is placed in each section at its outlet.

 The arrangement of the vortex heating system is shown schematically in FIG. 1 - vertical axial section.

In FIG. 2 shows an example of a centrifugal pump wheel and an annular lattice with slotted holes, axial and transverse sections. The device contains:
a sealed heat exchange chamber with a liquid and gaseous working medium 1, a heat pump in the form of a vortex tube 2 with a tangential nozzle inlet 3, a vane swirl 8 at its outlet, a centrifugal vane pump 4 with an impeller 5 and an engine 6 connected to it by its outlet and inlet.

 The impeller of the pump is made by closed side covers, symmetrical, with a bilateral entrance and additional shortened (vortex) blades 12, made between the main blades 13. At the output of the impeller of the pump is placed the first emitter in the form of an annular lattice 7 with slotted holes and jumpers 14. Channels between the blades of the wheel and the slotted holes of the annular lattice form when they are combined supersonic nozzle 15.

 The working chamber 1 is additionally equipped with a sealed jacket 11 and is closed by a cover on which a pump casing with a vortex tube and an engine is fixed and nozzles 9 with spring-loaded check valves for pumping compressed inert gas and 10 with a valve for filling with a liquid working medium and deaeration of the chamber are made.

 The vortex tube 2 is made in a sectional, dish-shaped form, all sections are interconnected by their outer diameter and equipped with tangential inlets 3 with profiled nozzles and flow expanders at the outlet of each section. The outputs of the sections form an ejector bell, and the expanders are made in the form of blade gratings and are additionally equipped with cantilever vibrators - tuning forks 8 of the shock-jet action of an ultrasonic vibration frequency resonant for a liquid working medium, for example, 25 ± 5 kHz of water.

The heating system works as follows:
the vane pump 4 draws in a liquid working medium saturated with heavy inert gas from the chamber 1 through the upper symmetric inlet and pumps it under the working pressure into the tangential inlets of the vortex tube sections, after passing it through the slotted holes of the annular grating 7. When the pump class is rotated relative to the grating 7, the inter-vane the channels 15 are sequentially overlapped by jumpers 4 (Fig. 2), modulating the fluid flow and generating hydraulic shock pressure pulsations. The ripple frequency is determined by the number of wheel blades, both main and shortened vortices, the number of slot holes in the sieve, which should be greater than the number of blades, and the angular speed (number of revolutions) of the engine, and is:
F = K • P • F,
where K is the number of blades,
P is the number of holes of the lattice,
Ф - engine speed (Hz).

 For example, at К = 24, П = 25, Ф = 50, the ripple frequency is: Ф = 24 • 25 • 50 = 30000 Hz.

 Intense pulsations in a liquid of ultrasonic resonance frequency cause powerful cavitation of the circulating flow. Moreover, at the moments when the channel is blocked, the pressure in the liquid drops sharply, the liquid breaks, affecting the intermolecular and molecular bonds, forming a large number of gas cavitation bubbles filled with desorbed inert gases and with the products of the breakdown of water (or another liquid) with a diameter up to 150 microns.

 When the lattice opening is opened, the pressure increases sharply with a supersonic shock wave, gas cavitation bubbles also collapse sharply, forming a compression wave of up to 10 - 50 MPa. The gas temperature inside the bubbles rises above 5000 K. During the formation of bubbles, an intensive injection of the energy of external fields takes place and its transition into the kinetic form of motion (expansion) of the bubbles. When the bubbles collapse, all the energy injected from the outside is converted into heat, causing rapid heating of the circulating liquid. The pressure pulses during the collapse of the bubbles penetrate through the tangential inlets 3 into the sections of the vortex tube, providing pulsed ejections of fluid to the inner walls and providing a spiral motion (rotation) of the jets from the inlets to the outlet. When a gas-liquid jet rotates in sections of a vortex tube, it undergoes centrifugal compression, cavitation bubbles collapse on the walls, transferring their energy in the form of compression heat washing the working fluid outside it.

 Blade eddies 8 stop the rotation of the output stream and excite ultrasonic vibrations of the cantilever vibrators-tuning forks, supporting cavitation in the vortex tube and at the pump outlet and efficient heating of the liquid.

 The design of the impeller of the centrifugal pump symmetrical allows you to remove axial loads from the shaft and bearings of rotation of the engine, thereby significantly increasing the permissible level of pressure developed by the pump, and the symmetric inlet allows for independent input of fluid from chamber 1 (through the upper inlet) and vortex tube (through the lower input).

 Thus, the heating system device fulfills its goal: it increases the energy conversion coefficient due to the introduction of additional ultrasonic emitters of a resonant frequency, increases the heating speed and temperature due to the sectional vortex tube, increases the pump pressure due to wheel symmetry and ripple depth, and provides the possibility of switching to other workers liquids (antifreezes) by installing a removable annular lattice 7 with a specially selected number of holes, calculated x to a different resonant frequency.

 The use of a jacket 11 with nozzles on the heat exchange chamber 1 allows you to remove heat with an intermediate coolant without losing expensive heavy inert gases that saturate the working fluid in the chamber, thereby reducing gas consumption and the cost of heat.

 The technical effect consists in obtaining thermal energy from the environment with a high conversion coefficient.

Used information sources
1. Patent N 2089795, F 25 B 29/00, publ. 09/10/97, bull. 25.

 2. Patent N 2065127, F 24 H 3/00, publ. 08/10/96, bull. 22.

 3. Margulis M. A. Sound-chemical reactions and sonoluminescence. - M.: Chemistry, 1986, p. 210.

Claims (3)

 1. A vortex heating system comprising a heat pump enclosed inside a sealed heat exchange chamber with a liquid and gaseous working medium in the form of a vortex tube with a tangential nozzle inlet, a vane swirl at its outlet and a vane pump connected to it with an impeller and an engine, characterized in that the heat pump is additionally equipped with at least two shock-jet ultrasonic emitters with resonant vibration frequencies, one of which is placed in the pump housing at the outlet of the working forests, and the second - at its entrance and exit of the vortex tube.  2. The vortex heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the vane pump is made centrifugal, with a closed symmetric wheel immersed in the liquid with a bilateral entrance and additional vortex vanes between the main blades, the first radiator made in the form of a removable annular lattice with slotted holes interfaced with the inter-blade channels of the wheel, and the second - in the form of a shock tuning fork of ultrasonic frequency, rigidly connected with the blades of the swirler.  3. The vortex heating system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the vortex tube is made in a plate shape, sectional, and its swirl is placed at the outputs of each section and is made in the form of a removable blade grid.

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