RU2133673C1 - Press-roll unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for plastic working of powdered materials used in construction material, chemical and other branches of industry. SUBSTANCE: press-roll unit has two pairs of pressing rolls, charging hopper positioned above rolls and premolding mechanism positioned within charging hopper and separated from charging hopper wall by guarding plates. Prepressing mechanism has two parallel cheeks with hollow bodies. Cheeks are fastened at their upper parts by adjustable shackles. Working surfaces of cheeks positioned in their lower parts are beveled and oriented inward. Working surfaces are rigidly connected with coupling cross-pieces attached to central parts on drive shafts. Cross-pieces are pivotally connected with arced sealing members composed of rubberized rolls with scrapers fixed on their pins. Rubberized rolls are fastened by pins in arced plate pivotally secured with its lower part. EFFECT: wider operational capabilities, increased efficiency, improved quality of briquets by introducing additional components into burden. 3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to equipment for pressing powdered materials and can be used in various industries of building materials: cement, ceramic, glass, in the production of wall materials, as well as mining, chemical and other industries.

 Known press roll units in which the preliminary compaction of powdered materials is carried out using rolls, augers, paddle feeders and other devices / a.s. 956305, 07.09.82, B 30 B 15/30, a.s. 1397309, 05.23.88, B 30 B 11/18, a.s. 742133, 06.25.80, B 28 B 3/12 /.

 However, these devices do not provide uniform distribution of the charge along the width of the rolls, the necessary degree of preliminary compaction of the material and energy consumption.

 The closest solution in terms of technical nature and the achieved effect is a press-roll assembly containing rolls rotating towards each other, a feed hopper and a prepress mechanism, mounted in parallel with two cheeks mounted pivotally in its upper part to the hopper using adjustable earrings, and in the central one with the help of drive axles with adjustable eccentricity / а.с. SU 301223, 21.04.71, B 22 F 3/02 /.

 The disadvantages of the known devices are: low coefficient of preliminary compaction of the mixture; the inability to introduce various components into the pressed mixture (including in liquid or vaporous states); the impossibility of forced injection of material into the molding zone, as well as the production of compressed bodies with a hardened surface layer.

The invention is aimed at improving the performance of the press roll unit, improving the quality of compressed briquettes, as well as ensuring the introduction of additional components (plasticizing additives, fuels and others.) Into the pressed mixture.
A press-roll assembly comprising rolls rotating in the opposite direction, mounted in the housing, a feed hopper and a prepress mechanism, comprising two parallel mounted cheeks pivotally mounted in their upper part to the hopper with adjustable earrings, and in the central part - drive axles with adjustable eccentricity. According to the proposed solution, the cheeks are hollow with beveled, inwardly directed working surfaces in the lower part and make up the jaw seal, and the prepress mechanism additionally contains arcuate seals composed of rubberized rollers and pivotally mounted on its lower part on the side plates of the rolls, and kinematically in the upper part connected through connecting traverses with screws, and the drive axles are rigidly fixed in the central parts of the traverse.

The angle of inclination of the connecting traverse to the vertical surface of the cheeks is 60. . . 80 ^o , which provides effective compaction of the charge in the space between the hollow augers, as well as the necessary injection of the compacted material and the roll space (ramming effect). Stroke cheeks is selected in accordance with the relationship: H _u ≥ 4e sinβ ≥ (K _UPL -1) H _α, wherein H _u - stroke hollow cheeks, e - the eccentricity of the drive axles; β is the angle of inclination of the connecting traverse; K _KPL - the compaction coefficient of the charge in the screw seal; H _α is the thickness of the charge layer, limited by the angle of capture α of the rolls. The fulfillment of this ratio provides an effective preliminary compaction of the charge.

 The angle of capture of the arcuate seal is limited by the condition: γ ≤ 0.5α, where γ is the angle of capture of the arcuate seal; α is the angle of capture of the jaw seal. Compliance with this condition ensures reliable grip of the material to be sealed by arcuate seals.

 In the areas of rubberized rolls of the arcuate seal located in its lower part, devices are installed for periodic supply of plasticizing components from the hollow cheeks of the jaw seal.

The use of this invention provides the achievement of new properties, namely:
1. The possibility of feeding the pressed mixture to the press-roll unit through the central and peripheral loading zones, increasing the time of the preliminary compaction of the mixture (removal of the gaseous phase), and consequently, the briquette density and unit productivity;
2. The possibility of varying the coefficient of preliminary compaction of the charge due to changes in the amplitude and frequency of oscillations of the jaw and arcuate seals;
3. The possibility of forced injection of the pressed charge into the molding zone of the press-roll assembly by changing the angle of vibration and the presence of tampering surfaces of the cheeks;
4. The possibility of introducing plasticizing components (in liquid and vapor states) into the pressed charge from the hollow cheeks of the jaw seal into the molding zone of the arcuate seal;
5. In the possibility of obtaining compressed bodies with the most dense surface layer due to the forced injection of the mixture by an arcuate sealant into the forming elements of the press roll assembly.

 All this allows us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a press roll assembly with a device for preliminary compaction of the charge.

 In FIG. 2 is a diagram of the pressing of a powder mixture.

 In FIG. 3 - experimental diagrams of pressing various materials.

 In FIG. 4 - node in FIG. 1 (site injection plasticizing components in a compacted mixture).

 In FIG. 5 is a view K of herringbone protrusions of the working surfaces.

 The press-roll unit consists of a pair of press rolls 1 and 2 (Fig. 1), a loading hopper 3 mounted above them with a prepress mechanism located inside the separator and separated by guard plates 4. The prepress mechanism contains two parallel mounted cheeks 5 with hollow bodies 6 The cheeks are fixed in their upper part by means of adjustable earrings 7. Hollow cheeks with beveled and inwardly directed working surfaces located in their lower part are rigidly connected to the connecting grass rs 8, fixed in the Central parts on the drive axles 9. The travers are pivotally connected with arcuate seals 10.

The angle of inclination of the connecting traverse to the vertical surface of the cheeks is 60 ... 80 ^o , and the stroke value of the movable cheeks is selected in accordance with the ratio: H _щ ≥ 4e sinβ ≥ (K _upl -1) H _α , where H _щ - the course of the hollow cheeks, e is the eccentricity of the drive axles; β is the angle of inclination of the connecting traverse; K _upl - the compaction coefficient of the charge in the screw seal; H _α is the thickness of the charge layer, limited by the angle of capture α _{in the} rolls.

 The angle of capture of the arcuate seal is limited by the condition: γ ≤ 0.5α, where γ is the angle of capture of the arcuate seal; α is the angle of capture of the jaw seal. In the area of rubberized rolls of the arcuate seal located in its lower part, devices are installed for periodic supply of plasticizing components from the hollow cheeks of the jaw seal.

 The arcuate seals are made up of rubberized rollers 11 (Fig. 4) with scrapers fixed on their axes 12. The rubberized rollers of the arcuate seal are mounted with axes in an arcuate plate 13 pivotally mounted in its lower part on the side walls of the loading hopper 3. Device for introducing plasticizing The components in the charge, for example, are represented as follows: over rubberized rollers in the areas of beveled surfaces 14 of the hollow cheeks, perforated arc-shaped plates 15 are fixed. connected with beveled surfaces hollow cheeks via the spring loaded rods 16 to the top of which are mounted in nests tapered relief valves 17. At the bottom of the hollow cheeks chamfered surface 14 is conjugate to the tapered working surface 18.

 On the working surfaces of the hollow cheeks (figure 5) are located, for example, herringbone protrusions 19, 20, directed by the apex towards the loading hole of the rolls 1 and 2 (figure 1). In FIG. 5, solid and dashed lines show the Christmas-tree-shaped protrusions 19, 20 located respectively on the right and left working surfaces of the hollow cheeks 5.

 Press roll unit operates as follows. The pressed material enters the loading hopper 3, from which it is sent to the prepress mechanism in three directions: A, B and C (Fig. 1). In the direction C, the material enters the jaw seal, and in the directions A and B - in the arcuate seals. The jaw seal is composed of two parallel-lying hollow cheeks 5 with beveled work surfaces 18 (Fig. 4) directed inwardly at the bottom. The preliminary compaction of the material is carried out due to the ellipsoidal movement of the hollow cheeks connected to the drive axles 9, providing movement of the cheeks by means of connecting traverses 8.

The presence of beveled working surfaces 18 (Fig. 4) of the hollow cheeks 5 provides for their ellipsoidal movement to force injection (ramming) of the material being compacted into the forming zone of the rolls 1 and 2 (Fig. 1). When the inclination angle β of the traverse 8 is less than 60 ^o C, the working stroke of the hollow cheeks (in the horizontal plane) is reduced, which negatively affects the efficiency of the sealing process in the jaw seal. When β is greater than 80 ^{o, the} tamping effect of the action of the beveled surfaces of 18 hollow cheeks on the compacted charge is negligible.

To ensure efficient precompaction charge quantity stroke cheeks must satisfy the condition: H _u ≥ 4e sinβ ≥ (K _UPL -1) H _α, where H _w - stroke hollow cheeks; e is the eccentricity of the drive axles; β is the angle of inclination of the connecting traverse; K _upl - the compression ratio of the charge in the jaw seal; H _α is the thickness of the charge layer, limited by the angle of capture α _{in the} rolls.

получим H_щ = (K_упл -1) h_пл.The above expression is due to the following:
The magnitude of the stroke of the cheeks H _Щ is determined by the difference between the initial value of the thickness of the charge layer H _о and the thickness of the compacted plate h _upl : H _щ = H _o - h _pl , or setting

H obtain _u = (K _UPL -1) h _mp.

To ensure the efficient operation of the press roll unit, the condition must be observed: h _pl ≥ H _α .
Given geometric parameters: R is the radius of the rolls; δ is the gap between the rolls; α _in - the angle of capture and compaction of the mixture. The value of H _α is determined by:
H _α = 2R (1-cosα _in ) + δ
Then, finally, the magnitude of the stroke of the cheeks, expressed through predetermined geometric parameters, is determined by the condition:
H _u ≥ (K _UPL -1) [2R (1-cosα _a) + δ].
In FIG. 2 is a classic diagram of the charge pressing with the zones: pre-compaction - section AB, pressing - section BC, elastic deformation - section CD. The pressing diagram describes the dependence of the degree of density of the material E,% (or the stroke of the pressing punch H ₁ , mm) on the pressing force P ₀ (H). In FIG. 3 shows the experimental diagrams of pressing for various materials: 1 - marl; 2 - chalk; 3 - limestone + (20% slag); 4 - dolomite; 5 - pyleunos expanded clay production.

100% или

100%, где h_i - текущее значение уплотняемого слоя шихты. Величина хода пустотелых щек для каждого материала определяется протяженностью зоны уплотнения участка АВ, характеризующегося наибольшим коэффициентом уплотнения K_упл, реализуемого в щековом уплотнителе на диаграммах прессования материалов (фиг. 2, фиг. 3).The value of E% is determined by the ratio of the current volumetric mass of the material ρ _i (kg / m ³ ) for a given pressing force ρ ₀ (H) to the limiting value of the density of the pressed material ρ _ist (kg / m ³ );

100% or

100%, where h _i is the current value of the compacted charge layer. The magnitude of the stroke of the hollow cheeks for each material is determined by the length of the sealing zone of section AB, characterized by the highest sealing coefficient K _UPL realized in the jaw seal on the diagrams of material compaction (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).

 In addition to preliminary compaction of the charge in the jaw seal, its compaction also takes place in arcuate seals; the latter are kinematically connected to the jaw seal by means of connecting traverses 8. Moreover, the angle of capture of the arcuate seal is γ ≤ 0.5α, where γ is the angle of capture of the arcuate seal; α is the angle of the jaw seal. If this condition is violated, reliable grip of the material being compacted is not ensured (for γ> 0.5α).

 To increase the strength of compressed briquettes by obtaining a hardened surface layer or by introducing special components (in gaseous or liquid states) into a compacted charge located in an arcuate seal, a special bypass device of FIG. 4. When synchronized oscillations of arcuate seals around the hinges rigidly fixed in their lower part, the rubberized rollers 11 located in the area of the chamfered surface 14 of the hollow cheeks periodically come into contact with the perforated plates located above them 15. The latter, when the rubberized rollers are pressed on them by means of spring-loaded rods 16 s conical bypass valves 17 open the nest plate (sloping surface 14) of the hollow cheeks. In this case, the plasticizing components that are in a liquid or vapor state in the hollow cheeks, pass through the openings of the beveled surfaces 14 and the perforated plate 15 by means of rotating rubber rollers 11 into the compacted charge located in the arcuate seals. This ensures the introduction of plasticizing components into the layers of the mixture located in the arcuate seals, while forming a hardened surface layer of compressed briquettes.

 To clean the working surfaces of the rubberized rollers 11 from adhering particles of material, scrapers 12 are used, mounted on the axes of the rollers.

 To ensure uniform distribution of the charge along the width of the rolls on the working surface 5 of the hollow cheeks, Christmas-tree-like protrusions 19, 20 (Fig. 5) are made, directed vertices in the direction of movement of the material.

 Thus, the proposed design of the press-roll unit allows to increase its productivity by increasing the degree of preliminary compaction of the charge before it is pressed in the rolls, to improve the quality of briquettes by increasing the pressing pressure, and also provides the possibility of introducing additional components (solid fuel - into the pressed charge various zones of supply of material, plasticizing components - into the sealing zones of arcuate seals), due to technological requirements yami production.

Claims (3)

 1. A press-roll assembly comprising rolls rotating in the opposite direction, mounted in the housing, a feed hopper and a prepress mechanism, comprising two parallel mounted cheeks pivotally mounted in their upper part to the hopper using adjustable earrings, and in the central part, drive axles with adjustable eccentricity, characterized in that the cheeks are hollow with beveled, inwardly directed working surfaces in the lower part and constitute a jaw seal, and the additional pressing mechanism o contains arcuate seals composed of rubberized rollers and pivotally mounted in its lower part on the side plates of the rolls, and in the upper - kinematically connected through connecting traverses with cheeks, and the drive axes are rigidly fixed in the central parts of the traverses. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the connecting traverse to the vertical surface of the cheeks is 60 ... 80 ^o , and the magnitude of the stroke of the cheeks is selected in accordance with the ratio
H _u ≥ 4e sinβ ≥ (K _UPL -1) H _α,
where H _u - the course of the hollow cheeks;
e - eccentricity of drive axles;
β is the angle of inclination of the connecting traverse;
To _upl - the compression ratio of the charge in the jaw seal;
H _α is the thickness of the charge layer, limited by the angle of capture α of the rolls. 3. The unit according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the angle of capture of the arcuate seal is limited by the condition
γ ≤ 0.5α,
where γ is the angle of capture of the arcuate seal;
α is the angle of capture of the jaw seal,
and in the area of the rubberized rollers of the arcuate seal located in its lower part, devices are installed for periodic supply of plasticizing components from the hollow cheeks of the jaw seal.

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