RU2132131C1 - Collapsible boom for canal embankment sprayer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: boom has sections 1, 2, 3, 4 pivotally connected one with another, feeding pipeline 14 with sprayers 15 and rope pulley suspended to boom. When boom is in operating position, sections 1,2,3,4 are arranged in broken line bending round canal embankment. When boom is in collapsed position, these sections are arranged in parallel one with respect to another to form compact pack. Pivot joint hinges divide angles defined by sections into halves. Such construction allows boom to be employed for treating canals of different width. EFFECT: increased efficiency, wider operational capabilities and enhanced reliability in operation. 6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and is a boom used in sprayers spraying various chemicals (herbicides, pesticides, etc.) in order to adapt these sprayers to treat channel dams, as well as channels in a recess.

 At present, various types of booms are used in sprayers, including folding, consisting of separate sections (modules), which can be folded out manually or with the help of mechanical drives, for example, a.s. N 1419651, A 21 B 3/13 (B.I. N 32 dated 30.09.1988), N 1537199, A 01 M 7/00 (B.I. N 3 dated 23.01.1990), N 1611307, A 01 K 73/05 (B.I. N 45 dated 12/07/1990), as well as with a change in the angle of inclination of the nozzles to increase the spraying efficiency, e.g. N 1531941 A 01 M 7/00 (B.I. N 48 dated 12.30.1989).

 The closest technical solution is a rod according to AS N 1537199 (layout of articulated sections alternately in opposite directions, the presence of docking and elastic elements).

 All of these rods can only process a flat surface and are not applicable for spraying channel dams. Among the various specialized sprayers, for example for grape trellises, tree trunks, etc., there are also no structures that could be used on canal dams.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a specialized rod for processing channels. For this, the following tasks are solved:
- the densest coverage of the dam for spraying the chemical from a minimum height above the plants in order to prevent its removal by the wind to nearby crops and other plants not to be treated;
- the possibility of folding the rod in the transport position with dimensions that meet the safety requirements when moving on roads;
- adaptation of the rod to various sizes of dams and various plant heights;
- the ability to spray channels located in the recess;
- ensuring the stability of the sprayer assembly with a significant unilateral departure of the boom;
- protection of the rod from breakage in case of accidental touching of the ground by the end section.

 Coverage of the dam by the bar is ensured by the form of the bar in the working position in the form of a broken line enveloping the surface of the dam (in cross section). At the same time, the dimensions of the rod are obtained, both in width and in height (in accordance with the dimensions of the canal dams), significantly larger than those allowed by safety regulations for mobile agricultural machines under conditions of travel on roads, structures, under power lines, etc. To reduce the size of the rod in the transport position, it is made folding, consisting of separate sections, pivotally connected. When the boom is folded into the transport position, the sections are hinged and assembled in a bag with dimensions that are acceptable according to safety regulations.

 In existing designs of folding rods, the hinge axes are made vertical, and folding-unfolding occurs in only one horizontal direction (almost always along the working width).

 The main difference of the proposed design is that the axis of the hinges connecting the sections (and lying in the plane of the rod) are made with tilts in different directions, and the tilt angles are selected in such a way that when the rod is laid out, the section (or several sections) closest to the base not only unfolds in the lateral direction, but also rises simultaneously to a height so that the subsequent (or subsequent) section is horizontal, above the level of the channel berm and the plants present on it, and the end (or end) section is acquired AET slope, approximately parallel to the slope opposite the assembly side of the dam. In the folded position, the sections are parallel to each other (according to the largest section size).

 Adaptation of the rod to various dimensions of the dam and plants in height is ensured by tilting the entire rod in a vertical plane using a special mechanism (unlike the analogue in AS No. 1531941, where the angle of inclination of the spraying devices is changed using rocker arms and jumpers).

 Adaptation of the rod to the dimensions of the dam in width is made by turning the rod in a horizontal plane (in plan). In this case, the width of the rod grip changes in the projection onto a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement (the second difference from A.S. N 1531941).

 By combining the turns of the rod in the vertical and horizontal planes, it is possible to achieve practically sufficient adaptation of the rod to the profile of the channel being processed. In the existing analogues and prototype, such adjustments are not available, because they are designed to spray chemicals only over a flat surface and with a maximum working width.

 The possibility of spraying the channels laid in the recess is provided by lowering the flexible conductive pipeline with sprayers on a special cable-block suspension, mainly its middle part, which allows the pipeline to copy the channel profile. It is advisable to combine the indicated sagging of the conductive pipeline with the lowering of the rod in order to spray the chemical from a minimum height. No analogues were found for this characteristic.

 The transverse stability of the unit is ensured (in addition to the usual ratios of the moments of gravity of the rod and the sprayer) by the fact that when the rod is rotated to the working position, its attachment points along with the horizontal and vertical rotation mechanisms are shifted from the longitudinal axis of the unit in the opposite direction to the rod extension. With such a device, a significant part of the tilting moment created by the boom unilaterally extended relative to the longitudinal axis of the unit is balanced by the relatively heavy mechanisms of horizontal and vertical turns and the fastening elements of the entire boom assembly to the sprayer frame; those. balancing moment is achieved without the use of special balances.

 In addition, it is possible to ensure a sufficient height of the inclined section of the boom above the slope at the maximum approximation of the sprayer to the dam and the relatively low position of the mounting points of the boom, which can significantly reduce the center of gravity of the entire system.

 Such an arrangement of the rod mounting elements along the way provides other advantages, namely increasing the convenience of servicing, folding and unfolding the rod manually and reducing the overall height in the transport position.

 In the analogs and prototype of such measures for balancing the rods and lowering the center of gravity is not used, since they are intended for spraying flat horizontal surfaces. In this case, the balance of the sprayer is ensured by a symmetrical two-console arrangement of the booms, which also have a small height, so their center of gravity lies quite low.

 The design of the rod is illustrated by the following images.

 FIG. 1. Rear view. Dam coverage by a barbell. Lowering the bar to approach plants with small dam sizes and folded bar position.

 FIG. 2. Side view. Folding the lowered bar to the transport position.

 FIG. 3. View in plan. Rotation of the rod in the horizontal plane to match the width of the rod with the dimensions of the dam in width.

 FIG. 4. Rear view. Lowering a flexible conduit with sprayers on a cable-block suspension for spraying a channel laid in a recess.

 FIG. 5. The mechanism of rotation of the rod in the horizontal plane. Shown of the points of attachment of the rod to the side opposite to the departure when turning to the working position, top view.

 FIG. 6. Swivel end section, rear view.

 The rod (Fig. 1) consists of separate sections - lower 1, inclined 2, upper 3 and end 4, interconnected by hinges 5, 6 and 7. The lower end of section 1, the rod is mounted on a rotary frame 8 using a hinge 9 with a horizontal axis . The rotary frame 8 is attached using a hinge 10 with a vertical axis to the frame of the sprayer 11. The hinges 9 and 10 with the corresponding parts of the frames and drives, for example, in the form of hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13 comprise the mechanisms of the inclination of the rod in vertical and rotations in horizontal planes, respectively. The conductive pipe 14 with sprayers 15 is attached to the rod using a cable-block suspension, consisting of ropes 16, passed through blocks 17, mounted on sections of the rod. The end section 4 is equipped with an additional hinge 18 with a horizontal axis and a return spring 19.

 In the working (deployed) position (a), the sections of the rod are located along a broken line covering the dam in cross section.

 When spraying the dams, the conductive pipeline 14 is pulled up by means of a cable-block suspension to the rod, repeating its shape.

 The chemical is supplied through a conductive pipe 14 to the nebulizers 15 and is sprayed by them over the dam. Spraying should be carried out from the lowest possible height in order to avoid drift of the chemical by the wind beyond the limits of the dam surface being treated. Since the dams can have different heights, the position of the rod is adjusted by changing the angle δ of the inclination of the rod to the horizontal using the tilt mechanism in the vertical plane. The reduced position (b) of the rod is shown by a dashed line in the left part of FIG. 1.

 On the right side of FIG. 1, the dashed-dotted line shows the folded position (c) of the rod used as a transport. In this position, the sections are located approximately horizontally and parallel to each other, as a result of which the dimensions of the unit are reduced to the sizes allowed by safety regulations.

 The possibility of folding the rod in this way (Fig. 2) is ensured by the fact that the axes of the hinges 5, 6 and 7 connecting the sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 are located in the plane of the rod, with an angle so that they halve the angles α, β , γ formed by sections.

Due to this tilt of the axes, adjacent sections in one of the positions form a predetermined angle in the plane of the rod, and after turning on a hinge (180 ^o ) they are parallel (angles β and γ are formed when the rod is in working position, and angle α - when transported (folded).

 The same principle (tilting the axes) can be formulated differently: the hinge axes halve the angles between the directions of the sections at their working and folded positions.

 Folding the rod is done by turning sections 2, 3 and 4 on the hinges 5, 6, 7, as a result of which they are applied to each other and to the lower section 1. This process can be carried out using a special mechanism or manually from the ground at the lowest position of the rod ( shown in figure 2).

 When the layout is reverse, sections 2, 3, and 4 simultaneously rise to a height and are located along a broken line, providing coverage of the dam when the rod is in the operating position (see Fig. 1).

 Depending on the required dimensions of the rod in the working position, the number of sections may be different, for example, two inclined, two horizontal, etc.

 The rotation mechanism in the horizontal plane (figure 3) allows you to rotate the rotary frame 8 together with the rod mounted on it on the hinge 10 using a special drive made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 13. In this case, the angle φ of the installation of the rod changes in plan and accordingly the width of its capture in projection onto a plane perpendicular to the dam axis. Thus, the rod is adapted to the dimensions of the dam in width. The same mechanism rotates the folded rod to a position along the axis of the unit for moving and vice versa - to the working position.

 If necessary, spraying the channels laid in the recess (Fig. 4), the pipe 14 is lowered on the ropes 16, copying the internal profile of the channel. It is advisable to combine the lowering of the pipeline on a cable-block suspension with the rotation of the rod in a vertical plane to the lower position. The sagging of the conductive pipe 14 on the ropes 16 can be regulated, for example, by means of a drum with a manual or mechanical drive and brake, or by means of a hydraulic cylinder, etc. In the drawings, the rope tensioning mechanism is not shown, because consists of well-known elements.

 Improving the lateral stability of the unit is ensured by the fact that when the rod is rotated to the working position (Fig. 5), the rotary frame 8 is installed so that the heaviest parts of the tilt and rotation mechanisms (hinge 9 of the rod, hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13) due to their eccentric arrangement (shifted towards the opposite extension of the boom) on the rotary frame 8 are shifted in the opposite direction of the extension of the boom, beyond the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the sprayer, creating a balancing moment.

 The end section 4 (Fig. 6) has the ability to deflect on the hinge 18 in the vertical plane by a certain angle θ. This prevents the rod from breaking if it is accidentally touched by the end section of the earth due to road profile errors or control errors. Bringing the section to its original position occurs under the action of the return spring 19.

Claims (6)

 1. Folding boom for spraying the channel dams, including sections articulated between each other, a conductive pipeline with sprayers and a cable-block suspension to the boom, characterized in that the sections in the working position are located along the broken line enveloping the channel dam, and in the folded position are parallel to each other, in a compact package due to the fact that the axis of the hinges divide the angles formed by the sections in half.  2. The rod according to claim 1, characterized in that it is mounted on the sprayer frame using a hinge with a horizontal axis of rotation, which enables tilting in the vertical plane using a special drive.  3. The boom according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is mounted on the sprayer frame by means of an additional rotary frame with a vertical axis of rotation and a special drive that provides adjustment of the gripping width of the boom by turning it in a horizontal plane.  4. The rod according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the points of its attachment with a horizontal hinge, as well as tilt and swing drives, are eccentrically located on the rotary frame relative to the axis of rotation so that when the rod rotates towards the dam, its attachment points together with the drives are mixed in the opposite direction, for the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the unit, creating a balancing moment.  5. The rod according to claim 1, characterized in that the cable-block suspension of the conductive pipeline provides the possibility of its adjustable sagging by copying the profile of the channel located in the recess.  6. The rod according to claim 1, characterized in that its end section has an additional hinge with a horizontal axis of rotation and a return spring, which allows the section to be deflected by accidentally touching the ground and then returning to its original position.

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