RU2131555C1 - Deaerator (heat-and-mass exchanger) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: deaerators. SUBSTANCE: deaerator has cylindrical housing, centrifugal separator connected with interior of housing by means of holes made in lower portion of housing, tangential liquid medium supply branch pipe, at least one gaseous medium supply branch pipe and liquid and gaseous media discharge branch pipes connected with interior of separator; branch pipe discharging gaseous medium from separator passes through hosing. EFFECT: improved quality of deaeration of water; use of low-potential steam for deaeration and heating of water. 5 cl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used for thermal deaeration of feed water of steam boilers and make-up water of heating grids as contact coolers for evaporating deaeration plants, as contact heat and mass exchangers when heating water due to direct contact with steam or with hot gases.

 Known heat and mass exchanger - deaerator, containing a cylindrical body with upper and lower end caps, a centrifugal separator made in the form of a shell and connected to the inner part of the housing through holes made in the lower part of the housing through holes made in the lower part of the housing, a tangential nozzle for supplying a liquid medium at least one nozzle for supplying a gaseous medium and nozzles for removing liquid and gaseous media connected to the inner space of the separator (see RF patent N 2095125, class C 02 F 1/20, 11/10/97).

 The disadvantage of this invention is the low quality of deaeration.

 The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of deaeration of water, increase the functionality of the apparatus, providing the ability to use low-grade steam for deaeration and heating of water.

 The problem is solved in that the branch pipe of the gaseous medium from the separator passes through the housing, which allows for separate heating of the water and separation of gases from it, thereby improving the quality of water deaeration and reducing the amount of steam output with vapor.

 In addition, the nozzle for supplying a gaseous medium is connected tangentially to the housing.

 In addition, the heat and mass exchanger-deaerator contains an annular collector connected to the inner part of the housing through openings made in the housing, and a pipe for supplying a gaseous medium is connected to the specified collector. And inside the case, above the holes connecting the case with the separator, an annular partition is installed that separates the case into the input and output compartments.

 The connection of the gaseous medium supply pipe to the upper end cover of the housing allows not only high-potential steam, but also low-potential steam to be used in the deaerator / heat and mass exchanger /. The installation of an annular collector connected with a steam line of high-potential steam by a tangential nozzle, and with the inside of the housing by horizontal or inclined slots made in the housing, allows you to save the moment of momentum of the steam and transfer it to water. Due to this, water exits the apparatus to restore static pressure.

 The installation of an annular partition dividing the housing into the input and output compartments allows more efficient use of high-potential steam. Allows you to keep a layer of rotating fluid through which the vapor inside the housing is bubbled, not less than a certain thickness.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an apparatus capable of operating as a deaerator, a contact vapor cooler, a contact water heater, in which water can be heated by steam or hot flue gases;
in FIG. 2 - version of the same apparatus / fragment of the upper part /;
in FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section through a variant of a deaerator that can operate on both low potential and high potential steam and superheated water;
in FIG. 4 is a top view of that apparatus;
in FIG. 5 is a variant of a longitudinal section of the lower part of the apparatus, where instead of holes in the lower part of the casing short tangential nozzles are installed.

 The heat and mass exchanger has a cylindrical body 1, with upper 2 and lower 3 end caps, a tangential pipe 4 for supplying heated (deaerated) water, a pipe 5 (steam pipe) for supplying steam (it can be connected tangentially or radially to the housing 1) and (or) a pipe 18 for supplying steam through a central hole in the top cover 2 (pipe 5 — the steam pipe can be connected tangentially to pipe 18 or it can be a continuation of pipe 18). Inside the housing 1, the heat and mass exchanger has an annular partition (washer) 7 separating the housing into the inlet and outlet compartments, openings 8 (or short tangential nozzles) for the media to exit the housing into a centrifugal separator (cyclone) having a shell 9, upper 10 and lower 11 covers (bottoms), a tangential pipe 12 for draining the liquid after heating or deaeration, a pipe 13 for venting a gaseous medium (or vapor).

 The heat and mass exchanger shown in FIG. 3, has openings 14 in the body (they can be made in the form of radial or tangential rectangular or round or in the form of nozzles).

 These holes connect the inner part of the housing 1 with an annular chamber located around the housing made of a shell 15, an annular cover 16 and a partition 10. A nozzle 17 for supplying a gaseous medium (steam) is connected to this chamber. The tangential pipe 12 serves to drain the liquid medium from the separator (cyclone). The media interface is indicated by 19.

 The operation of the apparatus is as follows.

 1. The operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 as a deaerator.

 Deaerated water (cold or heated below the saturation temperature) enters the housing through the tangential nozzles 4 and acquires a rotational movement. A vertical interface is established between rotating media, the diameter of which is always larger than the diameter of the hole in the cover 2 (water does not enter the pipe 18). The steam is fed into the housing 1 through a pipe 18 connected to the steam pipe by the end or tangential pipe 5. The steam is in contact with a rotating stream of water through the media interface 19 and moves downward together in a spiral. The steam condenses, and the water heats to a boil, freeing itself from non-condensable gases. Heat and mass transfer occurs. Non-condensable gases rush to the center. Further, water, non-condensable gases and a small excess of non-condensable steam are sent through openings 8 to a separator (cyclone), where media are separated. Gases and a part of non-condensable vapor (vapor) flow into the evaporator pipe 13 through an opening in the cover 3. Deaerated water, while maintaining the rotational movement inside the separator (cyclone), enters the discharge pipe 12. The dynamic pressure of the rotational movement of water becomes static (the water pressure is partially restored ) Further, the deaerated water enters the tank of deaerated water or to the second stage of the deaeration plant - a dispersing device. Through the pipe 18, both low-grade steam (P = 0.2 ati) and higher-grade steam can be supplied.

 2. The operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 as a deaerator.

 The main stream of deaerated water enters the housing through the tangential nozzles 4. The second stream of deaerated water with a lower pressure (cooling water from the contact cooler of the vapor) enters through nozzles 5, 18. The deaerated medium (steam or superheated water) enters through the tangential nozzle 17 into the annular collector formed by the shell 15 and through the holes 14 (which can be slotted, tangential, radial, made in the form of nozzles, etc.), sparging through a rotating layer of deaerated water and heating it to peratures of saturation. Low pressure steam (P = 0.2 ati) can be supplied through the pipe 18 if cooling water is not supplied through it. (Two steam flows from different turbine take-offs: low-potential - through nozzles 5, 18, high-potential - through nozzle 17).

 3. The operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, 2 as a cooler for the vapor of a deaeration plant or condenser.

 Cooling water enters through the nozzle 4 and acquires a rotational movement with a vertical interface of media 19. The vapor from the deaeration plant through the nozzle 18 (with or without swirling using nozzle 5). When steam comes into contact with cooling water inside the housing 1 and when holes (nozzles) 8 pass, it condenses, the water heats up and is supplied to the deaerator or tank. In the cyclone, the vapor (non-condensable gases with a low vapor content) is separated from the water and removed through the pipe 13. Heated water leaves the vapor cooler through the pipe 12.

 4. The device operates as a contact heat exchanger.

 The tangential nozzles 4 and 5 (Fig. 1, 2) or 17, 4, 5 (Fig. 3, 4) are respectively supplied with water and steam with different temperatures. Water heats up, steam condenses. Non-condensable gases and excess steam can be discharged through pipe 13 (pipe 13 can be blocked by a valve). Heated water is discharged through pipe 12.

 5. Work as a contact economizer (Fig. 1, 2).

 Cold water enters through the nozzles 4, and flue gases from the boiler or furnace through the nozzle 18. When water comes into contact with hot gases, water draws heat from them and heats up. The cooled gases are discharged through the pipe 13, the heated water is discharged through the pipe 12. The water vapor contained in the gases condenses, thereby significantly increasing the fuel efficiency.

Claims (5)

 1. Heat and mass exchanger-deaerator containing a cylindrical housing with upper and lower end caps, a centrifugal separator made in the form of a shell and connected to the inside of the housing through openings made in the lower part of the housing, a tangential pipe for supplying a liquid medium, at least one pipe for supplying liquid gaseous medium and branch pipes for discharging liquid and gaseous media connected to the inner space of the separator, characterized in that the branch pipe for discharging gaseous medium from the separator passes Erez body.  2. The heat and mass exchanger-deaerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle for supplying a gaseous medium is connected tangentially to the housing.  3. The heat and mass exchanger-deaerator according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an annular collector connected to the inner part of the housing by openings made in the housing, and a nozzle for supplying a gaseous medium is connected to the specified collector.  4. The heat and mass exchanger-deaerator according to claim 1, characterized in that an annular partition is installed inside the housing above the holes connecting the housing to the separator, separating the housing into the input and output compartments.  5. The heat and mass exchanger-deaerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe for supplying a gaseous medium is connected to the upper end cap.

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