RU2128754C1 - Machine for cleaning ballast of railway track - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway track repair and maintenance machinery and equipment. SUBSTANCE: machine has at least four frames resting on power-driven railway trucks. Second and third frames are interconnected by automatic coupler so that they can be detached for independent operation of machine including first and second frames carrying corresponding devices and including third and fourth frames which carry corresponding devices mounted on them. Installed on end sections of extreme frames are machine control cabs. Installed on second frame of machine as to its direction of operation are following units: one ballast cleaning device, device for cutting out ballast at ends of sleepers, device for cutting out ballast from under end portions of sleepers, and device for placing cleaned ballast back into rail track. Mounted on third frame of machine as to direction of its operation are following units: second ballast cleaning device, device for cutting out ballast from under rail-and-sleeper assembly, and device for placing cleaned ballast back into rail track. Introduced in operating zone of device for cutting out ballast from under rail-and-sleeper assembly is punching member which is intended for piercing ballast in sleeper spaces. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for repairing a railway track.

 A known machine for cleaning the ballast of a railroad track, comprising at least 3 frames supported by running trolleys, a rubble-cleaning unit and a power unit installed on a frame in the machine’s first direction of operation, a ballast cutting device mounted on a second frame and mounted on a third frame a second device for cutting ballast, a hoisting device, a device for laying clean ballast in a path, and a device for leveling and sealing the ballast, conveyors mounted along the machine for feeding the cut ballast to the crushed stone cleaning device, conveyors for removing weeds, conveyors for supplying clean ballast to the device for laying it in the path and conveyors for loading the ballast cut out by the second device for cutting ballast into the special composition (European Patent Office application 0629744, cl. E 01 B 27 / 10, 1994).

 A known machine for cleaning the ballast of a railway track, comprising a frame supported by running trolleys, a rubble-cleaning device mounted on it and rotary excavators, on which scraper containers for cutting ballast from under the rail-sleeper grid are mounted with the possibility of rotation in horizontal and vertical planes (US patent 4674208, C. E 01 B 27/04, 1987).

 A known machine for cleaning the ballast of a railway track, comprising at least four frames supported by running trolleys, machine control cabins installed on the end sections of the outer frames, and a device mounted on the frames for cutting ballast at the ends of the sleepers, a device for cutting ballast from under end sections of sleepers, a device for cutting ballast from under the rail-sleeper grid, two devices for cleaning ballast, conveyors for supplying cut ballast to a device for cleaning it, a device for stacking that ballast in the way and conveyors for removal of weeds (international application 91/11557, CL E 01 B 27/10, 1991).

 The technical result of the present invention is to increase the reliability and productivity of the machine, increasing the depth of cut of the ballast, and therefore the increase in the volume of cleaned ballast.

 To achieve this technical result, a machine for cleaning the ballast of a railway track, comprising at least four frames supported by running trolleys, machine control cabins installed on the end sections of the extreme frames, and mounted on the frames of the device for cutting ballast at the ends of the sleepers, a device for cutting ballast from the end sections of the sleepers, a device for cutting ballast from under the rail-sleeper, two devices for cleaning the ballast, conveyors for feeding the cut out ballast to the device for och sources, a device for laying clean ballast on the way and conveyors for removing weeds, is equipped with a ballast puncher in the sleepers, one device for cleaning the ballast, a device for cutting ballast at the ends of the sleepers, a device for cutting ballast from - under the end sections of the sleepers and a device for laying clean ballast on the way, and on the third frame - a second device for cleaning ballast, a device for cutting ballast from under the rail-sleeper and a device for laying clean ballast on the way, while the specified ballast breaker is mounted on a third frame in the area of the device for cutting ballast from under the rail-sleeper grid, and the second and third frames are interconnected by an automatic coupler to separate them and the independent operation of the machine as part of the first and second frames and as part of the third and fourth frames.

 In addition, the device for cutting ballast at the ends of the sleepers consists of bucket rotors mounted on both sides of the machine with the ability to move the respective drives in the vertical and horizontal planes, the device for cutting ballast from under the annular sections of the sleepers consists of two carriers placed on both sides of the machine frames, screws installed on the bearing frames and located across the machine, and bucket elevators installed on the bearing frames on the outside of the screws, with each bearing frame mounted on The corresponding machine frame with the possibility of moving across and rearranging in height with appropriate drives, the screws being made of various sizes and mounted on bearing frames with the possibility of interchangeability, and the device for cutting ballast from under the rail-sleeper grid consists of two endless drive chains spaced along the machine with blades, located in the guide grooves vertically across the machine and mounted on its frame with the possibility of rearrangement of the height of the respective drives, and breaking ballast infrared is installed between the indicated chains, or the device for cutting the ballast from under the rail-sleeper grid consists of a drive endless chain with blades, including side sections enclosed in guide channels located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the machine along it and at an angle to the horizontal connecting the side sections of the lower transverse section, placed in the area of the ballast cut under the rail-sleeper, and the upper section, placed in the zone of the device for cleaning the ballast, and the lower transverse the section and each side section of the endless chain are formed by two branches of this chain located at different heights, and its upper section is formed by two loops, and the branches of the lower transverse sections of this chain are mounted with the possibility of height adjustment by actuators, and the ballast fixture consists of two pairs of levers located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the machine and mounted on its frame with the possibility of rotation around the horizontal axes of the drives.

 In FIG. 1 shows a machine for cleaning the ballast of a railway track, general view. In FIG. 2 - the same, top view. In FIG. 3 - an embodiment of a device for cutting ballast from under the rail sleeper. In FIG. 4 is a section AA of FIG. 1. In FIG. 5 is a section BB of FIG. 1.

 The machine for cleaning the ballast of the railway track contains six frames, based on drive output trolleys. In FIG. 1, which is the first in the direction of operation of the machine, a machine control cabin 2 is installed, located at its end section, and a traction and power plant 3 for powering the respective drives of the four running trucks and devices. On the frame 5, the second in the direction of operation of the machine, installed hydraulic equipment 7 to power the respective drives of the machine. Frame 5 is pivotally connected to frames 1 and 6 and rests on their end sections. On the frame 6, the third machine in the direction of operation of the machine, two devices are installed for cutting ballast at the ends of the sleepers, located on both sides of the machine and consisting of bucket rotors 8 and 9 mounted on the frame 6 with the possibility of movement of the drives in vertical and horizontal planes. A device for cutting the ballast from under the end sections of the sleepers is also installed on the frame 6, consisting of two load-bearing frames located on both sides of the machine, screws 10 and 11 mounted on the load-bearing frames and located across the machine, and bucket elevators 13 and 12 (Fig. 5) installed on the supporting frames from the outside of the screws 10 and 11. The screws 10 and 11 are made of various sizes and installed on the supporting frames with the possibility of interchangeability. Depending on the required volume of ballast cutting per unit time (depth and width of cutting and machine speed), screws 10 and 11 can have different diameters and lengths. Depending on the specific operating conditions of the machine, the screws 10 and 11 are replaced. Each carrier frame is mounted on the frame 6 with the possibility of moving across the machine and shifting in height by appropriate drives. The ballast cut by the screws 10 and 11 is fed to the bucket elevators 12 and 13, which load it onto the conveyor 14, which feeds it to the conveyor 18, from which this ballast enters the device 15 for cleaning it, which is installed on the frame 6. Cut by bucket rotors 8 and 9, the ballast is fed to conveyors 16 and 17, from which it enters the conveyor 18, and then to the device 15 for cleaning the ballast, which is a vibrating screen. The weeds screened in the device 15 from the ballast are fed to conveyors 23, 24, 25 and 26 sequentially mounted on the frames 6, 5 and 1 to remove the weeds. The cleaned ballast from the device 15 enters the sequentially mounted on the frame 6 conveyors 19, 20 and 21 and the hopper-distributor 27 of the cleaned ballast, which also acts as a device for laying clean ballast in the way.

 A device 29 for cutting the ballast from under the rail-sleeper grid, a second device 30 for cleaning the ballast, which is a vibrating screen, a lifting and leveling device 31, a punch 32 of the ballast in the sleeper boxes and a scheduler 33 of the ballast, are installed on the frame 28, the fourth machine in the direction of operation of the machine. The ballast cut by the device 29 enters the conveyor 34 mounted on the frame 28 and feeds it to the device 30. The weeds eliminated in the device 30 go to the conveyors 37 and 38 sequentially mounted on the frame 28. From the conveyor 38, the weeds are loaded onto the container 22 and then into a hopper 48, from which it is poured onto the conveyor 23. The conveyor 22 and the hopper 48 are mounted on the frame 6. On the frame 28 is also installed a cab 39 of the operator, controlling the operation of devices and conveyors of the machine.

 The hydraulic equipment 41 is installed on the fifth frame in the direction of operation of the machine 40 for powering the drives installed on the sixth frame 42, on which the second traction and power installation 3 and the second machine control cabin 2 are mounted, located on the end section of the frame 42. Installation 3 is designed to power the drives four running trolleys on which the frames 28 and 42 are supported, and drives of devices located on these frames. Cabins 2 and 39 are equipped with automatic machine control systems. A machine can have four frames 1, 6, 28, and 42 instead of the six frames indicated. At the same time, hydraulic equipment 7 is mounted on frame 1, and equipment 41 is mounted on frame 42.

 Conveyors 45, 44 and 43 are installed on the frames 42, 40 and 28, respectively, for supplying clean ballast from a specialized composition. From the conveyor 44, the clean ballast is fed to the storage hopper 46 mounted on the frame 28. From the storage hopper 46, the conveyor 43 transfers this ballast to the device 47 for laying the clean ballast on the way.

 In the device 47, clean ballast is also supplied by conveyors 19, 20, 21, 35, 36 from devices 15 and 30 for cleaning the ballast.

 Frames 6 and 28 are interconnected by a coupler designed to separate them, for independent operation of the machine in frames 1 and 6 and frames 28 and 42 with devices installed on them that perform the corresponding operations for cutting, cleaning and laying ballast. The composition, which includes frames 1 and 6, and the composition, which includes frames 28 and 42, are self-propelled and can work separately, independently from each other when disconnecting the automatic coupler.

 Depicted in FIG. 1, a device 29 for cutting ballast from under a rail-sleeper lattice consists of two endless chains with tabs spaced along the machine. The chains are located in the guide channels vertically across the machine and are mounted on the frame 28 with the possibility of height adjustment by appropriate drives. Ballast punch 32 is installed between the chains. Chains have individual drives.

 Depicted in FIG. 3, the device for cutting ballast from under the rail-sleeper grid consists of a drive endless chain with blades. The chain includes lateral sections enclosed in the guide channels located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the machine along it and at an angle to the horizontal. In the zone of ballast production under the rail-sleeper grid, the lower transverse section connects the side sections of the chain, and in the zone of the ballast cleaning device 30, the upper section of the chain is formed by two loops connecting the side sections of the chain in its upper part. The lower transverse section of the chain and each of its lateral sections are formed by two branches of this chain located at different heights, while the branches of the lower transverse section of the chain are mounted with the possibility of height adjustment by drives.

 The punch 32 of the ballast in the sleeper boxes (Fig. 4) consists of two pairs of levers located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the machine and mounted on the frame 28 with the possibility of rotation around the horizontal axes of the drives. The action of the leverage of each pair is directed at an angle to the horizontal along the sleeper box, which eliminates the need for lifting the rail-sleeper when cutting the ballast, and therefore its deformation. The use of the punch 32 eliminates the likelihood of underfill space not being filled with cleaned gravel due to the failure of the hanging ballast layer in the sleeper box, which improves the quality of restoration of the ballast layer of the railway track.

 The machine operates as follows.

 The machine includes four (six) frames 1, 6, 28, and 42 (1, 6, 28, 42, 5, and 40).

 Bucket rotors 8 and 9 are lowered to the working position and are installed at the required depth of ballast cutting at the end sleepers. When moving the machine on both sides of the track, trenches come off at the ends of the sleepers. The endless circuits of the device 29 are also installed in the working position, being located by the lower transverse section under the rail-sleeper. In the formed trenches at the ends of the sleepers, the screws 10 and 11 are lowered, installed in the necessary working position for cutting the ballast from under the end sections of the sleepers. Then begins the working movement of the machine. Ballast cut by rotors 8 and 9 by conveyors 16 and 17 mounted on slewing slewing beams is transported to conveyor 18, which feeds ballast to device 15 for cleaning it. The conveyor 18 also receives the ballast from the conveyor 14, transporting the ballast cut out by the screws 10 and 11. When the machine is in ballast cutting without cleaning, the cut ballast from conveyor 18 is fed to conveyor 23 for removal of weeds and conveyors 24, 25 and 26 are reloaded into a specialized composition. On the conveyor 22 through the hopper 48 to the conveyor 23 weeds come from the device 30 for cleaning the ballast.

 The ballast cleaned in the device 15 is transported by conveyors 19, 20 and 21 to the distribution hopper 27, from which it is transported by conveyors 35 and 36 to the device 47 for laying in a way under the rail-sleeper grid behind the zone of the device 29 in the direction of operation of the machine. In the case of operation of the machine in separate formulations with uncoupling of frames 6 and 28, the cleaned ballast is poured into trenches dug by rotors 8 and 9 and by screws 10 and 11.

 Cut out by the device 29, the ballast enters the conveyor 34, from which it is sent to the device 30, where it is cleaned. The cleaned ballast enters the conveyor 36 and then to the device 47 for laying on the road.

 When the machine is operating in the ballast cutting mode without cleaning it, the ballast cut out by the device 29 enters through the guide chute (not shown in the drawing) to the conveyor 37 for removal of weeds, and then to the conveyors 38, 22 and further, as indicated earlier, in a specialized composition. The conveyor 38 is mounted rotatably with a drive around a vertical axis, and when it is rotated and installed across the machine, the ballast or weeds are dumped either on the side of the track or in a specialized train standing on the adjacent track.

 The ballast dumped by the device 47 is torn apart by the scheduler 33.

 In the process of cutting the ballast from under the rail-sleeper grid by the device 29, the punch 32 pushes out the caked ballast, which is stuck between the sleepers, and this ballast is captured by a chain with blades and transferred to the conveyor 34.

 Using the punch 32 makes it possible to cut ballast from under the rail-sleeper grid without lifting it, excluding its deformation.

 Lifting and leveling device 31, located in front of the device 29 in the direction of operation of the machine, helps to increase the speed of the working movement of the machine in the case of cutting the ballast to a depth not exceeding the height of the legs of the endless chains.

 When the machine is operating, the volume of cut ballast is divided approximately equally between the bucket rotors 8 and 9 mounted on the frame 6 and the screws 10 and 11 and between the device 29 installed on the frame 28, which makes it possible to facilitate the working conditions of the device 29, increasing its reliability and reducing traction the force of the machine, while providing greater depth of the cleaned ballast.

 The reliability of the operation of the machine device is achieved by the fact that the traction and energy and power supply devices are installed separately from devices operating with ballast.

 The machine can provide sequential cutting and cleaning of ballast, working with two separate compounds when uncoupling frames 6 and 28, as well as cutting and cleaning of ballast in the necessary zones of the ballast prism during operation of the composition, including frames 1 and 6, cutting and cleaning of ballast at the ends of the sleepers and under their end sections, and during operation of the composition, which includes frames 28 and 42, cutting and cleaning the ballast under the rail-sleeper.

Claims (7)

 1. A machine for cleaning the ballast of a railway track, comprising at least four frames supported by running trolleys, machine control cabins installed on the end sections of the outer frames, and mounted on the frames of the device for cutting ballast at the ends of the sleepers, a device for cutting ballast from under the end sections of sleepers, a device for cutting ballast from under the rail-sleeper grid, two devices for cleaning ballast, conveyors for supplying cut ballast to devices for cleaning it, devices for laying a clean ba fins on the way and conveyors for removing weeds, characterized in that it is equipped with a ballast punch in the sleeper boxes, one device for cleaning the ballast, a device for cutting ballast at the ends of the sleepers, a device for cutting ballast under the end sections of sleepers and a device for laying clean ballast on the way, and on the third frame - a second device for cleaning ballast, a device for cutting ballast from under the rail-sleeper and a device for laying chi that ballast in the way, while the specified ballast breaker is mounted on a third frame in the area of the device for cutting ballast from under the rail-sleeper, and the second and third frames are interconnected by a coupler to separate them and the independent operation of the machine as part of the first and second frames and the composition of the third and fourth frames.  2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for cutting the ballast at the ends of the sleepers consists of bucket rotors mounted on both sides of the machine with the possibility of moving the respective drives in the vertical and horizontal planes.  3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for cutting ballast from under the end sections of the sleepers consists of two load-bearing frames located on both sides of the machine, screws installed on the load-bearing frames and located across the machine, and bucket elevators installed on bearing frames on the outer sides of the screws, each bearing frame mounted on the corresponding frame of the machine with the ability to move across the machine and rearrange the height of the respective drives.  4. The machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the screws are made of various sizes and are mounted on bearing frames with the possibility of interchangeability.  5. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for cutting ballast from under the rail-sleeper lattice consists of two endless chains spaced along the machine with blades located in the guide channels vertically across the machine and mounted on its frame with the possibility of shifting in height appropriate drives, and a ballast punch installed between these circuits.  6. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for cutting the ballast from under the rail-sleeper lattice consists of a drive endless chain with blades, including side sections enclosed in guide channels located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the machine along it and at an angle to the horizontal connecting the lateral sections, the lower transverse section placed in the area of the ballast cut under the rail-sleeper and the upper section placed in the zone of the device for cleaning the ballast, the lower transverse section and each The touch portion are formed by two endless chains positioned at different heights branches of this chain, and its upper portion is formed by two loops, the branch of the lower cross-section of the chain mounted for height adjustment actuators.  7. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ballast punch consists of two pairs of levers located on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the machine and mounted on its frame with the possibility of rotation around the horizontal axes of the drives.

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