RU2128125C1 - Method of rescue of ship and her crew - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding. SUBSTANCE: after turning the ship with her upward, positive buoyancy and air exchange are formed due to supply of air. After arrival of rescue ship, crew is evacuated to surface through escape device and emergency ship is transported to port for repair. EFFECT: possibility to use this method under any extremal conditions. 2 cl

Description

 The technical solution relates to a method for rescuing a ship, crew, passengers, cargo in the event of an emergency on surface ships under the most adverse conditions: an instant violation of the stability of the ship as a result of damage to the bottom of it from a projectile or torpedo, hitting the ship on an underwater ledge, storm inactivity for a long time when the ship lost control and the ability to maintain its position afloat.

 The generally accepted methods provided for by the instructions are to launch rescue vehicles, land the crew and passengers on them and continue driving on group rescue equipment (sloops, motor boats, etc.).

The disadvantages of such generally accepted rescue measures can be considered:
- in the event of an emergency in time of the onset of an emergency, all these actions cannot be carried out (for example, in 5-10 seconds),
- descent and landing of people during a storm are almost impossible, because the rescue equipment will be smashed on board, turned upside down on the water or will not have time to depart from the side when a funnel is formed from the sinking ship,
-even if the descent of the rescue vehicle is successful, people will be wet for a long time at a low temperature, strong wind, which will also lead to the death of children, women and crew during a storm and this situation for, say, a day. Large vessels have compartments that can be isolated in case of violation of the integrity of the hull in this compartment (see Elementary textbook of physics. Edited by Ladsberg, vol. 1, pp. 352-355). The trim on the stern or bow of the vessel will lead to overflowing of the vessel’s premises through the deck and technological hatches on it, increased draft will lead to an unstable position of the vessel afloat and a partial loss of control. If the storm continues for many hours, it will lead to irreversible destruction of the vessel and its control, and it is practically impossible to remove the crew in stormy weather from either another vessel or by helicopters.

 In all cases, the ship, crew, passengers, cargo perishes, and it can be environmentally hazardous (radioactive materials and other substances).

The purpose of the technical solution is to eliminate these drawbacks, namely:
- preservation of the vessel with cargo,
- preservation of the crew and passengers,
- creating comfortable conditions for people for a long time, for example, for several days.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the compartments of the vessel near the keel, holes are made that are connected by highways with a compressor, sources controlled by compressed air are placed in the compartments, and in the event of an emergency, the vessel is turned upside down with the air supply from the sources under pressure to achieve positive buoyancy and the maximum possible elimination trim and carry out air exchange in the internal cavity of the hull with the help of a compressor and bleed the exhaust air while maintaining avoid flooding, and the hull of the vessel is equipped with a means for the crew to exit to the hull surface, and when the rescue vessel arrives, the salvaged vessel is transported to the port.

The explanation of the method:
1. In the event of a hopeless situation as a result of various reasons that are listed in the known methods, the vessel is turned upside down with a keel. Such a coup can be carried out in various power ways using explosive processes. In particular, such a coup can be carried out by missiles, which are fixed on one side of the ship on its board. The process is almost instant. During a coup, the ship will capture part of the water mass, people will be flipped over to the ceilings of the cabins, part of the free cargo will fall into the water or move if the cargo was not secured. In any case, the center of mass will shift down and the ship will acquire a stable upward position with the keel. Part of the premises will create additional buoyancy due to indoor air, which will also increase stability in the new inverted position.

 Gradually, air will accumulate in the upper parts of the inverted hull, i.e., at the keel. Passengers, warm clothes and food will also be transferred there.

 2. During a coup, a significant amount of water can be captured and, if the compartments are all isolated, and any compartment is destroyed (usually the bow or stern compartments), the vessel is able to go bow or stern to a depth and this has been repeatedly shown in the war chronicles on the sea. In general, a vessel may not have positive buoyancy. Therefore, immediately pressurized air sources should be turned on, which will lead to a partial alignment of the trim, water will be forced out to holes, windows or other technological communications with the external environment.

 Thus, people are close to the keel, the vessel has positive buoyancy, the effect of waves on the vessel is reduced, because it is lowered into the water, the center of mass is displaced below the normal position of the vessel afloat. If you now turn on the compressors of each compartment, you can pump fresh air from the environment and bleed the exhaust air through the same lines, switching them.

 Passengers and crew are in a comfortable position for this situation: pitching is minimized, there is no wind, there are warm things, food, normal air flow with a slight increase in pressure. This allows the ship to be in constant conditions for a very long time.

 It should be borne in mind that there may be one compartment - the entire case, but all considerations are fully related to any option.

3. The vessel must have a camera to exit to the hull surface. The chamber is connected by hatches to the external environment and to the internal cavity of the housing, and the chamber itself must have a compressor to equalize the pressure with the internal so as not to relieve pressure in the internal cavity of the housing. The exit operation is as follows (in good weather or when a rescue vessel arrives):
- the hatch opens into the camera and people enter there,
- closes the hatch of the internal cavity of the hull,
- the hatch opens into the external environment and people go out,
- the hatch closes in the external environment,
- the compressor is turned on to equalize the pressure with the internal in the body cavity,
- the hatch opens into the internal cavity.

 Further, all operations are repeated.

 4. External damage to the case, which makes it difficult to obtain a lack of trim, is easily repaired, since the work is carried out in air. Termination can be made with any adhesive film to the body, but a reinforcing substrate is required. Those. on the hole, if it is large, lay any metal sheet, or a wooden shield, or a metal mesh, or a nylon mesh. Fix it on the hole on the inside (the excess pressure will be from the inside), and work will be carried out at normal pressure, because the hole can be temporarily raised by increasing the pressure in the adjacent compartment. Then the film is applied and glued around the edges. All operations are carried out in the usual air environment.

 Thus, all the goals set forth above are achieved. The technical solution can be easily implemented on all existing ships and this will save annually many thousands of lives, thousands of ships and cargo on them.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of rescuing a ship and crew, including operations to maintain positive buoyancy after an accident, characterized in that a hole is made in the compartment of the vessel into the external environment near the keel, connect it through the control equipment to a compressor, place a controlled source with air under pressure, in case of emergency, turn the ship upside down with the keel, achieve positive buoyancy by supplying air from a source under pressure and carry out air exchange in the internal cavity of the ship’s hull with a compressor and pressing the exhaust air with control equipment, while the hull at the keel is equipped with means for the crew to exit to the hull surface.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vehicle’s exit to the hull surface is performed in the form of a camera with hatches into the external environment and into the internal cavity of the ship’s hull, and the camera is equipped with a compressor connected to the external environment.