RU2126554C1 - Syllable-based model of major-minor key system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: musical instruments. SUBSTANCE: device has grid, which is split into major and minor key fields by central vertical line, and into upper sharp-key and lower flat-key fields by central horizontal line. Second claim of invention discloses device design in which each of major and minor key fields has at least one sharp-key and one flat-key fields corresponding to first circle of fourths-fifths. Each line contains name of key with at least one of respective alternated sound. EFFECT: facilitated understanding, simplified design. 19, 6 dwg

Description

 The group of inventions relates to means of teaching music, namely, options for visual aids on the theory of music and solfeggio.

 A device for teaching music, containing a base associated with a movable stencil having a notch. A grid is applied to the base, the cells of which are designed to record the absolute names of sounds (basic, altered and doubly alternated) (SU, ed. St. 1223268, G 09 D 15/00, 1986).

 The known device allows you to determine the sound composition of a given palatonicity, however, it is cumbersome, difficult to manufacture and use, and also not clear enough.

 The technical result of the invention consists in increasing the visibility and simplifying the design of the manual, which allows to accelerate and facilitate the process of learning the theory of music and solfeggio.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the syllabic model contains a base with a grid applied on it, forming cells for making (recording) at least one name of a natural (unsigned) or altered (with a sign of increasing - sharp or lowering - a flat half of the main stages of the scale ) sound, and a stencil that is made with the ability to move around the base. There are slots in the stencil.

 In contrast to the closest analogue, the central vertical column corresponding to the numerical scale of tonal heights and the central horizontal row corresponding to the scale of the steps of the initial major and minor scales are marked out with thickened lines on the grid of the syllographic model. The central column divides the grid into major and minor fields, and the central row into upper sharp and lower flat fields. The cell formed at the intersection of the central row with the central column corresponds to the zero value of the scale number of tonal heights and the sound "s" on the scale of the original major and minor scale (for the first two variants of the invention, in which each grid cell is designed to record only one sound name) . The name of each sound has a syllable designation. Positive values of the numbers of the scale of tonal heights correspond to the sharp field, and negative values of the numbers of this scale correspond to the flat field, while the absolute values of the numbers of the indicated scale indicate the number of alteration characters in the scale of each field.

 The cells of the fields are multi-colored, with each sound name in the original major scale consisting of sounds: do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si, one of the seven colors of the rainbow spectrum corresponds in their sequence: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue and purple. The cells of both scales are white. Each cell of the scale of tonal heights is supplemented by the name of at least one sound, which is the link between each scale of the major and minor fields (not shown).

 To increase the visibility, cells with new signs of alteration in the scales of each field appearing on unstable steps are marked on the base with thickened lines in the columns, as well as the central column and row.

 The upper and lower edges of the columns corresponding to the main steps of the scales are marked on the basis of the signs: T (tonic), S (subdominant) and D (dominant). In the first and second versions of the model, when the names of sounds with the alteration signs inherent in them, where necessary, are entered in all grid cells, the following patterns are traced: from cells located diagonally from the lower left corner of the base to its upper right corner, end chains are formed ; quarto-quint chains are formed from the cells of the columns, and second chains are formed from the cells in each scale.

 To speed up and facilitate the process of learning the theory of music and solfeggio, a stencil is provided, the size of which can correspond to the size of the base, and the slots in it are made stepwise with the possibility of selecting on the base when applying a stencil of cells that form quarto-quinte chains and correspond to unsigned field zones.

 The stencil can be made of at least two complementary parts, on which the stepped contour is formed on the sides facing one another.

 In the third version of the model, the cells contain the name of the sounds included in the triad corresponding to each stage of the scale, while the cells corresponding to the main major triads are pink, the minor triads are gray, and the reduced triads are brown. The grid cells in this embodiment are supplemented by numbers from 1 to 28, corresponding to the numerical sequence of the occurrence of triads.

For didactic reasons, the last cells in the scale of the major and minor fields, according to the third option, are models that duplicate tonic triads (T $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{5}}{\text{3}}$ ) and the vertical columns forming on the base either shade or do not fill at all.

 In the stencil for this option, at least three slots are made in the form of windows, the size of each of which corresponds to the size of the cell. The windows are placed in the stencil with the possibility of selection on the base when applying a stencil to the cells corresponding to the main or secondary triads of the same name.

 The syllogographic model according to the fourth embodiment of the invention comprises a base with a grid deposited on it, forming cells with the names of natural or altered sounds, and a stencil with slots made with the possibility of moving along the base. Unlike the closest analogue mentioned above, as in previous models, the base grid is divided by the central vertical column into major and minor fields, and by the central horizontal row into upper sharp and lower flat fields. The cell formed at the intersection of the central row with the central column reflects the zero value of the number of tonal height scales corresponding to the central column. The central row denotes the original major and minor keys. Each major and each minor field contains at least one sharp and one flat, corresponding to the first quarto-fifth pitch circle, sectors. Each row of sectors includes a tonality name with its inherent at least one name for the altered sound. The name of each sound has a syllable designation, the sharp field has positive, and flat - negative values of the scale numbers of tonal heights. The absolute numbers of the tonal scale correspond to the number of alteration characters in the scale of each field. The stencil for the fourth version of the model is made with at least three horizontally elongated slots - windows that are placed on the stencil with the possibility of highlighting on the basis of cells corresponding to the same sounds of different tonalities with their inherent number of alteration marks indicated on the scale of tonal heights.

 The field cells are multi-colored like the second version of the model so that each sound name in the original major scale corresponds to one of the seven colors of the rainbow spectrum in their sequence, but unlike the second version of the model, cells with the names of natural (unsigned) sounds are highlighted on the basis of color and / or dashed lines.

 To increase visibility, as in previous versions of the model, the central column and the central row are highlighted on the basis of thickened lines.

 The stencil used to work with the base, especially in the third and fourth versions of the model, can be made of translucent material to facilitate finding the scale of tonal heights.

 The group of inventions is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1-4 depict, respectively, four variants of the syllographic model; in FIG. 5 and 6 are fragments of the model according to the third and fourth variants, respectively, with stencils located on the base.

 The slogographic model according to the first embodiment of the invention contains a base with scales indicated on it and unfilled cells (Fig. 1), according to the second embodiment of the invention, the base has the form of a table containing all the known tonality of the first circle of the major-minor tonal system, located in the input, and broken by crossed scales into four sectors: the upper right one is sharp major, the lower right one is flat major, the upper left one is minor minor and the lower left one is flat minor (Fig. 2), according to the third embodiment of the invention listed in a table cell triads corresponding steps of the scale (Fig. 3) and the fourth embodiment of the invention illustrated based mainly on four dieznyh and four sector tonalities corresponding to the first and second quint quarto-tone circles (Fig. 4).

 The syllogistic model of the major-minor tonal system for all embodiments consists of a base 1 with a grid deposited on it, forming a cell 2 for entering the name of the natural or altered sound, and a stencil 3 with slots in the form of windows 4, made with the possibility of free movement along the base 1 (Fig. 1). The grid of the base is divided by the central vertical column 5 into major 6 and minor 7 fields, and by the central horizontal row 8 into the upper sharp and lower flat fields. At the intersection of the central row 8, corresponding to the scale of the steps of the initial major, beginning and ending with tonic “do” and minor with tonic “for” scale with a central column 5 corresponding to the numerical scale of tonal heights, a cell 9 is formed, corresponding to zero on the scale of tonal heights. The upper part of column 5 of this scale, corresponding to the sharp field, has positive numbers, and the lower, corresponding to the flat field, has negative values of the numbers. This is explained by the ability of the sharp sign to increase, and the flat sign to lower the main steps of the scale.

 Any horizontal row spanning two sectors: the right and left upper or right and lower left - is read from left to right and is a combination of a pair of major and minor scale with the same number of tonal signs.

 Each subsequent pair of sharp keys finds its positive numerical value in the corresponding cell on the central column 5, while the number on the scale of tonal heights corresponds to the number of tonal signs of this pair. Each subsequent pair of flat keys finds its negative numerical value also on the central column 5 in the corresponding cell, while the number on the scale of tonal heights corresponds to the number of tonal signs of this pair.

 Cells with new signs of alteration in the scale of fields 6 and 7 for the first three variants of the model are highlighted by thickened lines in columns 10 (Fig. 2, 3).

The columns highlighted by thickened lines in each sector show and emphasize the quarto-fifth pattern of the appearance of signs in keys:
in the sharp-major sector - a column of the VII stage;
in the minor minor sector - a column of the II stage;
in the flat major sector - the column of the IV stage;
in the flat minor sector - a column of the VI stage.

 With linear reading of the table, the main diatonic interval chains are detected: with horizontal reading, each row of the table forms second chains 11, (Fig. 2); in vertical reading, each column forms quarto-fifth chains 12, (Fig. 1); with diagonal reading, each diagonal forms a tertz chain 13 (Fig. 2).

 The model according to the third option (Fig. 3) is intended for the systematic study and construction of all types of triads in natural frets of the first circle of the major-minor tonal system.

 Cells 2 of the table representing one or another stage of the major or minor, sharp or flat scales (scale) contain triads consisting of steps of this scale arranged in thirds.

 Thus, the classification of triads of all levels by their melodic coloring is clearly demonstrated: their major, minor, and minor, as well as their functional affiliation: the main ones, marked with capital letters at the edges of the columns, and side ones (all the rest).

 Columns filled with major triads: in the major sectors T, S, D, are colored pink (conditional symbolic characteristic of the major).

 Columns filled with minor triads: in the major sectors these are II, III and IV stages, in the minor ones - T, S, D - are painted in gray (conditional symbolic characteristic of the minor).

 Columns filled with reduced triads: in the major sectors this is the VII stage, in the minor sectors the II stage is colored brown (conditional symbolic characteristic of the reduced triad).

 The order of occurrence of triads in sectors is expressed by a series of numbers marked in the corners of each cell from 1 to 28, which makes it possible to carry out further methodological actions by grouping triads by signs of zonation or their numbering, which complement the learning process in the form of a game.

 The model according to the fourth embodiment of the invention (Fig. 4) includes mainly two tonal quarto-fifth circles. Signs of tonality of the main circle are made in the colors of the rainbow spectrum, and signs of tonality of the second circle (double sector) are marked in neutral gray, emphasizing the rarely used nature of this circle.

 If necessary, the model can be continued by double circles (sectors) up to 12 or more times, as evidenced by the upper and lower ends of the central column, ending with stylized arrows.

 The model contains the base 1 in the form of a table, at the intersection of the horizontal rows of which with vertical columns cells with syllabic names of sounds are formed.

 The central column 5, dividing the table into the right major 6 and left minor 7 fields, has a numerical scale of tonal heights containing positive and negative numbers. The zero value of the scale is in the central cell 9 and reflects the absence of signs in the original keys in C major and A minor.

The central row 8, containing the names of the original keys and a zero value, complements the division into sectors representing quarto-quintone tonal circles:
right upper sharp 14 and major double;
left upper sharp 15 and double minor;
lower left flat 16 and double minor;
lower right flat 17 and major double.

 Each sector has in its row a syllabic name for tonality and syllabic names for tonal signs in cells.

 The columns 18, which are next on both sides of the scale of tonal heights 5, are marked by a stroke to demonstrate tonalities unsigned in their names in order to build a model from the source information.

 The training manual for this invention is used as follows.

 On the base of table 1, containing empty cells 2, it is proposed to apply the initial training information of the central column 5 and the central row 8 (Fig. 1).

 Then it is proposed to place the parts of the stencil 3 on the basis of 1 table so that the marks on the stencil (not shown) coincide with the marks on the base at the top and bottom of the table.

 After applying the stencil, the table is divided into two zones: sign and unsigned.

 The upper part of the stencil, located in the upper right and left sectors, covers with its area all the cells whose syllables are marked with a sharp sign ("to #", "fa #", etc.).

 The lower part of the stencil, superimposed on the corresponding sectors in the lower part of the table, covers with its area all cells bearing the sign "flat" ("C b", "E b" etc.).

 The stencil-free zone is unsigned, and the resulting vertical column fragments must be filled sequentially and also with the vertically known quarto-quinte syllable sequence throughout the table.

 In this case, a guide in their alignment can serve as each individual step of the original scale in the center row.

 When removing the stencil from the table, unfilled column fragments are detected. They should be filled in the same way as above, adding to each syllable a sign corresponding to the sector being filled. As a result, we obtain a table with completely filled cells similar to that shown in FIG. 2, which can be used as a reference to verify the correctness of filling out the table (Fig. 1) or as a visual aid in the initial stage of training and to illustrate various patterns resulting from its construction.

 The table of FIG. 3 is filled similarly to the table of FIG. 1, however, triads, characteristic for each of the stages of the scale, are successively introduced into cells 2. To highlight the main or secondary triads of the same tonalities of different tonalities on the table, a stencil 3 is placed on the base 1 of the table so that the designation "main triads" or "side triads" is on top of the stencil (Fig. 5), then in the first and second cases there are 4 stencils in the windows , each of which has a cell size of 2, the desired triads will appear.

 The stencil 3 of FIG. 6 has horizontally elongated windows 4, the height of which is equal to the height of one cell, and the length is predominantly the length of three cells.

 The study guide is made in the form of table models containing syllabic names of diatonic stages of the scales of all known tonalities of at least the first circle of the major-minor tonal system and allows you to significantly speed up and facilitate the process of learning the theory of music and solfeggio, including because contains initial information that allows you to build tables yourself.

Claims (19)

 1. A model containing a base with a grid applied on it, forming cells for making at least one name of natural or altered sound, and made with the possibility of moving a stencil with slots along the base, characterized in that the grid is divided by a major vertical column into major and minor field, and the central horizontal row on the upper sharp and lower flat fields, with the cell formed at the intersection of the central row corresponding to the scale of the steps of the original major and m normal scale, with a central column corresponding to the numerical scale of tonal heights, reflects the zero value of the number of this scale, the name of each sound has a syllabic designation, the sharp field has positive values of the numbers of the scale of tonal heights, and the flat field has their negative values, the absolute values of the numbers of this scales correspond to the number of alteration marks in the scale of each field.  2. The model according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells of the fields are colored, while each sound name in the original major scale corresponds to one of seven colors of the rainbow spectrum in their sequence, and the cells of the scales are white.  3. A model according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each cell of the scale of tonal heights is supplemented by the name of at least one sound that is the link between each scale of the major and minor fields.  4. The model according to any one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that cells with new alteration signs in the scales of each field appearing on unstable steps are highlighted in the columns with thickened lines.  5. The model according to any one of claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the upper and lower edges of the columns corresponding to the main stages of the scales are marked on the basis of the signs T, S and D.  6. A model according to any one of claims 1 and 5, characterized in that tertz chains are formed from cells located diagonally from the lower left corner of the base to its upper right corner.  7. The model according to any one of claims 1 and 6, characterized in that quarto-quint chains are formed from column cells.  8. The model according to any one of claims 1 and 7, characterized in that second chains are formed from cells in each scale.  9. The model according to any one of claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the size of the stencil corresponds to the size of the base, and its slots are made stepwise with the possibility of separation on the basis of cells forming quarto-quinte chains and corresponding to unsigned field zones.  10. The model according to any one of claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the stencil is made of at least two complementary parts, on which one step faces are formed on the sides facing one another.  11. The model according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells contain the names of the sounds included in the triad, corresponding to each stage of the scale.  12. The model according to claim 11, characterized in that the cells corresponding to the major major triads are pink, minor-gray, and reduced-brown.  13. The model according to any one of paragraphs.11 and 12, characterized in that the cells are supplemented by numbers from 1 to 28, corresponding to the numerical sequence of the occurrence of triads.  14. The model according to any one of paragraphs.11 and 13, characterized in that the last cells in the scale of each field, duplicating tonic triads, are not filled or shaded.  15. The model according to any one of paragraphs.11 and 14, characterized in that the stencil is made of at least three slots in the form of windows, the size of each of which corresponds to the size of the cell, while the windows are placed in the stencil with the possibility of selection on the basis of cells corresponding to the main or secondary triads of the same name. 16. A model containing a base with a grid deposited on it, forming cells with the names of natural or altered sounds and made with the possibility of moving a stencil with slots along the base, characterized in that the grid is divided by a central vertical column into major and minor fields, and by a central horizontal row - to the upper sharp and lower flat fields, while the cell formed at the intersection of the central row corresponding to the designation of the original major and minor keys with the central tolbtsom corresponding numerical scale tone heights reflects the zero value of the scale, and each of the major and minor fields comprises at least one diezny bemolny and one corresponding to the first quarto-fifths
the tonal circle of the sector, each row of which includes the name of the tonality with at least one name of the altered sound inherent in it, the name of each sound having a syllabic designation, the sharp field has positive values of the scale numbers of tonal heights, the flat field has negative values, and the absolute values of the numbers of this the scales correspond to the number of alteration marks in the scale of each field, and at least three slots are made in the stencil in the form of horizontally elongated windows placed on the stencil those with allocation based on cells corresponding to the same name sounds different tonalities, with their number of signs of alteration.  17. The model of clause 16, wherein the field cells are colored, wherein each sound name in the original major scale corresponds to one of seven colors of the rainbow spectrum in their sequence, and cells with the names of natural sounds are highlighted based on color and / or dashed lines.  18. The model according to paragraphs 1 and 16, characterized in that the central column and the central row are selected on the basis of thickened lines.  19. The model according to PP. 15 and 16, characterized in that the stencil is made of a translucent material.

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