RU2122331C1 - Method of young stock pigs feeding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal husbandry. SUBSTANCE: method involves addition of ajbesite (zeolite-containing tuff-tripolite) to the basic diet as a zeolite addition. Ajbesite has a large set of macro- and trace elements that are necessary for pigs. The use of ajbesite provides the gain living mass increase, enhancement of protective strength and natural resistance of an organism. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of method. 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to methods of feeding young pigs and can be used in industrial complexes and specialized farms for fattening.

 Known methods of feeding young pigs with the introduction of micronutrient complexes in the main diet, for example, the drug "Polysalt microelements" [1], as well as natural mineral supplements [2].

 As a prototype, the most preferred in essence of the invention is a method of feeding young pigs with the introduction of zeolite-containing tripod tuffs, for example Shivyrtuin (Shivyrtuy deposit of the Chita region) into the main diet, at the rate of 4% by weight of dry matter of the main diet, which contributes to an increase in average daily weight gain of 6 , 8-7.6% compared with the control [3].

 The prototype method under consideration is quite effective, since there is a significant increase in animal productivity.

 The purpose of the invention is the development of a highly effective method of feeding young pigs, which allows the use of ibexite as a zeolite-containing additive.

 Aybesit - the name of the zeolite-containing tufa tripoli N. Aybesinsky deposits of the Chuvash Republic.

 Aybesite (like other zeolite-containing tuffs) is an aluminum silicate of a crystalline structure, in the intracrystalline space of which are located exchange cations of alkali and alkaline earth metals and water molecules. Like any zeolites, ibesite has a three-dimensional structure of alternating tetrahedra of aluminum and silicon oxides. Its structure determines a huge inner surface. The pores in the zeolite are filled with molecular water and exchange cations, mainly calcium, sodium and potassium.

 Chemical composition, weight%: silicon oxide 58.89; iron oxide 2.63; alumina 6.27; calcium oxide 12.69; calcium carbonate 14.0; magnesium oxide 1.62; potassium oxide 1.62; sodium oxide 0.12; phosphorus pentoxide 0.33; other impurities 1.83.

 Elemental composition, mg / kg, toxic elements (in parentheses is the permissible value): lead 1.3 (50.0); cadmium 0.9 (0.4); chromium 1.74 (5.0); mercury 0.06 (0.1); fluorine 0.013 (2000.0); arsenic (50.0) was not detected.

 Table 1 compares the zeolite-bearing rocks of various deposits.

 As can be seen from table 1, the zeolite-containing rock of the N. Aybesinsky deposit is characterized by a higher content of calcium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide. Calcium oxide is an easily assimilable form of calcium, which, due to the variety of its functions, is necessary for animals regardless of their physiological state. The high phosphorus content makes it possible to use this zeolite-containing rock as a mineral top dressing, given the sensitivity of growing pigs to phosphorus deficiency in the diet.

 The content of toxic elements such as mercury, lead, fluorine are within the acceptable level for food. Cadmium is present in clarke amounts and does not accumulate in the organs of animals, as it is represented by a sparingly soluble form, which is practically unrecognizable by the body. Arsenic is not detected.

 The content of radionuclides in the uranium and thorium series is close to the clarke ones in the earth's crust. The use of ibesite has no restrictions on the radionuclide factor.

 The acute oral toxicity of aibesit was studied on white rats weighing 160-180 g, the local action on the mucous membrane of the eye and the local irritating effect were evaluated on rabbits.

 It was noted that after a single administration of Aybesit at a dose of 20 g / kg, slight suppression occurred, passing through 15-20 minutes. After the second application, clinical signs of inhibition persisted for 90-120 minutes, after 3-6 injections, the inhibited state intensified. Loss of appetite and diarrhea were noted. 2 days after the cessation of the administration of ibesit, the experimental animals did not differ from the intact ones.

 At a post-mortem autopsy, it was established: the mucous membrane of the mouth and esophagus without changes was pale pink in color. The stomach is filled with Aybesite mixed with oats. The gastric mucosa of the small and large intestines is unchanged, blood vessels are not injected. The liver, kidneys, lungs, and heart of experimental animals did not differ from those of intact animals.

 60 minutes after the introduction of Aybesit into the conjunctival sac, slight hyperemia was noted, which disappeared 4 hours after the introduction. Edema of the mucous membrane of the eyes and changes in sclera were not observed.

 When studying the skin-irritating effect of ibesit, functional-morphological disorders were not established. Consequently, ibesite, a zeolite-containing tufa tripoli of N. Aybesinsky deposit in the Chuvash Republic, is practically non-toxic and, in accordance with the classification of compounds according to GOST 12.1.007.76, is assigned to class IV.

 Zeolite-containing tufa-tripoli of N. Aybesinsky deposit (Chuvash Republic) is standardized by organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators, moisture content ≥ 12%, grinding fineness 0.2-0.3 mm.

 Aybesit is fed with the main diet (OR) in the amount of 3% of the dry matter of OR once a day for 60 days.

 The invention is illustrated by examples.

 Example 1

 To determine the effectiveness of the feeding method, depending on the dose of aybesit, 3 groups of large white piglets of 60 days old, 60 animals each, are formed according to the principle of origin, age and growth energy: 2 groups - experimental, 1 group - control. All animals are kept in the same conditions, receive OP. The animals of the experimental groups in the OR are injected with aibesit at a dose of 3 and 6% to the dry matter of the OR. Feeding is carried out for 60 days. To determine the effect of ibesit on feed intake and their cost per unit of growth, a record of the assigned feed and their residues is kept. Growth rate is established by individual weighing and after the end of the experiment. The introduction of ibesite in OR does not affect the animal feed intake of feed mixtures. Piglets of the control and experimental groups eat an equal amount of feed. Piglets of the experimental groups eat food without a trace, clinical signs from the norm are not observed. Piglets develop better. The average daily gain in live weight is, g: group 1 - 324.8 ± 22.9; Group 2 - 319.7 ± 27.4; Group 3 (control) - 209.8 ± 3.1. An increase in the dose of Aybesit leads to a slight decrease in the average daily gain in live weight, which makes the dose increase inappropriate.

 Example 2

 For radiation of comparative efficiency, 4 groups of large white breed piglets at the age of 60 days are formed on the basis of analogues. Animals are kept under the same conditions, they all receive OP. For group 1 animals, micronutrient polysalt is introduced into the OR (basic method), for group 2 animals - permite at a dose of 3% to the dry matter of OR (prototype), for group 3 animals - aybesit at a dose of 3% to the dry matter of OR. Animals of group 4 do not receive mineral additives and serve as a control. The duration of the experiment is 60 days. The results are presented in tables 2 and 3.

 The results of the studies show that the maximum productivity is obtained in group 3, which is fed ibesite at the rate of 3% of the dry matter of OR (table 2). So, the live weight of piglets increases by 25.3% compared with the base method, by 22.0% compared with the prototype and by 42.6% compared with the control while reducing costs by 1 kg of live weight gain, respectively, by 19.3, 17 , 9 and 30.3%. Safety is increased compared to control.

 As can be seen from table 3, during the experiment, the background values of hematological parameters change. Initial hematological parameters were within the accepted standards. Towards the end of the experiment, the number of red blood cells in soils that received zeolite-containing additives with OR significantly increases due to the activation of erythropoiesis, i.e. intensification of the formation and release of blood elements into the peripheral bed. The total number of leukocytes remains unchanged within normal limits. The concentration of hemoglobin increased compared to the base and control methods by 5.6 and compared with the prototype by 2.5%. Therefore, the introduction of zeolite-containing additives (permite, Aybesite) into the OR stimulates the synthesis of hemoglobin and erythropoiesis, ensuring that their concentration is maintained at the level of accepted standards and increases the redox functions of the blood. At the same time, factors of cellular immunity are activated - phagocytic activity, phagocytic number and phagocytic index.

 Studies have shown that the enrichment of OR in pigs with a zeolite-containing additive - Aybesite - increases the level of metabolic processes and physiological state. These positive changes are confirmed by observations of animals, during which there is greater activity and mobility. Animals have a good appetite.

Sources of information
1. The drug "Polysalt microelements" TU 10-07-267-86.

 2. Handbook of feeding farm animals. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1983, p. 69-79.

 3. Recommendations on the use of zeolite additives in pig diets. - M.: Rosagropromizdat, 1991, 13 p.

Claims (1)

 A method of feeding young pigs, including the introduction of a zeolite additive in the main diet, characterized in that aybesit is used as a zeolite additive.

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