RU2121777C1 - Method for reducing erosion processes on sloped lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves forming water-absorbing screens at pebble-bed level from zeolite-containing clays on the area of 25-35 hectares, and from straw and manure applied in two diagonal directions; sowing perennial grass seeds. EFFECT: increased soil fertility and reduced erosion processes on slopes. 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to agriculture, and can be used in the fight against soil erosion on infertile rocky soils of mountain and foothill slopes.

 There is a method in which organic substances are laid at the bottom of a chopped dam: ash, municipal waste and clay (as.with. 11683523, A 01 B 79/02, 1991).

 In the known method utilized industrial waste, which is covered with a layer of ash, requiring additional costs for their production.

 The closest technical solution is a method of reducing erosion processes by introducing organic-mineral mixtures into the subsurface layer using straw, manure, peat and silt (patent 2004091, A 01 B 13/16, 1993).

 However, for the implementation of the prototype method, a significant amount of organic material is necessary, which can be washed off when water erosion occurs. Especially ineffective is the method on sloping stony soils in mountain and foothill conditions.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the known, water-absorbing screens are created to the depth of the pebble. As screens, zeolite-containing clays of local origin (irlits) are used in the amount of 25 - 35 tons per 1 ha, introduced in 2 directions diagonally in a mixture with straw and manure. After closing the screens, perennial grasses are sown.

 The method is as follows. In mountainous and foothill areas, on soils lined with pebbles at various depths, and in some places with stones coming out to the surface, a layer of crushed straw is mixed with irlites of the Alagirskoye deposit (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) and closed with a chisel plow ПЧ-2,5, cultivator KCh-5,4 diagonally in 2 directions to a depth of 18-25 cm. This treatment creates a ribbed sole, and the irlants, together with straw and manure, hold soil moisture in the treated layer.

 Irlites - zeolite-containing clays, being sorbents and containing a complex of macro-, microelements, serve as a screen to prevent water leaching and the formation of a powerful root system on stony soils, which contributes to the formation of turf and fertile layer.

 Typically, on sloping lands, tillage is performed across the slope to prevent flushing.

 In contrast to the known method, we propose that screens are closed diagonally, since this technique provides both a delay in flushing and high-quality soil cultivation for cultivating crops.

 Irlites in the range of 25-35 t / ha contribute to the gravel depth. The deeper the pebble bed (25-30 cm), the less irlite is introduced (25 t / ha).

 If the pebble is located more than 20 cm deep, shredded straw, manure and iritis are brought under plowing with a two-tier plow ПЯ-4-40. With a deeper placement of the pebble (more than 30 cm), the termination is carried out by the PPM-4-40 plow.

 Absorbing screens provide favorable conditions for the development of the root system. The justification of the selected parameters of the method is due to the required amount of irlite on soils with a close occurrence of pebbles and the possibility of technical means on sloping lands.

 Perennial grasses sown in the first year of screen formation (a mixture of legumes and cereal grasses with different root systems with a seeding rate of 35-40 kg / ha) improve the soil structure, forming a dense turf.

 Example 1. On inclined lands (steepness of 10-12 g.) On soils with close bedding of gravel (18-20 cm), shredded straw was added - 4-6 t / ha, manure - 40-50 t / ha, iritis - 25 t / ha with the MVSU-6 aggregate and closed with a chisel plow ПЧ-2.5 to the depth of the shingle, followed by cultivating the KCh-5.4 cultivator diagonally in 2 directions. After processing the field, perennial grasses were sown (legumes 10 kg, cereal 30 kg per 1 ha) with the SZG-2.4 seeder.

 Example 2. On soils with a gravel bed of 25-35 cm, a mixture of 20-30 t / ha of manure, winter cereal crops straw of 4-5 t / ha and Irlite in the amount of 35 t / ha of PRT-10 aggregate were added and closed with a ПЯ-4 plow -40 diagonally in 2 directions. Then the soil was cultivated and sown grass.

 Such treatment provides environmental protection of the soil, its productivity, environmental sustainability, significantly reduces erosion processes, improves fertility and, as a result, the productivity of intensive crops sown after perennial grasses.

 In our experiments on soils without introducing a mixture (control), the yield of winter wheat amounted to 21.3 c / ha. In the area with grass sowing (without mixture), the subsequent crop - winter wheat had 31.8 c / ha of grain. In the proposed embodiment, 43.4 kg / ha. Accordingly, the corn crop with these options was 31.5 kg / ha, 42.1 kg / ha and 61.7 kg / ha.

 At the same time, the humus content increased from 4.8% (in the control) to 5.4% in the proposed embodiment. The erosion process decreased by 25-40%.

Claims (1)

 A method of reducing erosion processes on sloping lands, including the introduction of organic-mineral mixtures and their incorporation into the subsurface layer, characterized in that at the depth of the pebble bed they create water-absorbing screens consisting of zeolite-containing clay-irlites in the amount of 25 - 35 t / ha, manure and straw, which close up in two directions on a diagonal, with the subsequent sowing of perennial herbs.