RU2120012C1 - Multistage mechanized car park - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: car parks. SUBSTANCE: car park has two racks of storage cells with pallets for cars, hoist with freight platform, device for fixing of pallet in cell including two stops secured to load-bearing structure of cell and two spring-loaded levers attached to pallet, each lever provided with fixing tooth on its lower surface coming in contact with respective stop; means for pressing the fixing teeth to stops and mechanisms for moving pallet from freight platform to storage cell and back including two detentes located on free ends of spring-loaded levers and made in the form of hook with its mouth facing downward and having cylindrical contact surface and incoming section whose inner space is less than diameter of the surface; two chain conveyers installed on freight platform and provided with draw lever hinged with its one end to respective chain conveyer and carrying fork on its free end with two successively located catching rollers engageable with hook mouth and carrier whose one end is hinged to draw lever, and the other end is connected with chain conveyer at a distance covered by a few links from point of attachment of the lever. Chain conveyers are driven by common drive, and each conveyer is located in the same plane with one of spring-loaded levers. EFFECT: simplified kinetics of moving the car to storage cell and back. 5 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of maintenance and operation of vehicles and can be used in the design of multi-tiered mechanized parking garages and warehouses for storing cars and goods on pallets in individual cells.

 There are various designs of multi-tier ground and underground mechanized parking garages and warehouses for short-term and long-term storage of cars and goods on pallets in individual cells or boxes. The management of such garages, parking lots and warehouses is fully mechanized. Loading a car or cargo on a pallet into an individual storage unit or box and unloading them from there are carried out at the command of the control electronic computer.

 A multi-tier mechanized parking lot is known, comprising a carcass with side load-bearing frames, with two racks of storage cells with pallets for cars, and a lift located in the aisle between the racks, with a cargo platform equipped with a mechanism for moving the pallet to and from the storage cell. Storage cells are formed by two parallel load-bearing consoles, resting its middle part on the brackets mounted on the side bearing frames of the frame. The cargo platform is equipped with horizontal beams, covering the load-bearing consoles on the sides, and rollers resting on the vertical guides of the frame. Horizontal beams are placed between the support brackets and have guides along which the load-bearing carriages of the pallet moving mechanism move. When moving the pallet with the car from the loading platform to the storage compartment and back, the carriages extend beyond the ends of the beams and move over the upper surfaces of the support brackets. On the bottom surface of the pallet there are protrusions, and on the surface of the load-bearing consoles there are corresponding recesses for fixing the pallet in the cell of the rack (see patent of the Russian Federation N 2003600, class B 65 G 1/02, 1993). When a vehicle is placed in a storage cell, the platform, by means of a vertical displacement drive, rises to the desired tier in the passage between the load-bearing consoles and stops after placing the support surface of the pallet above the support surfaces of the load-bearing consoles. The drive for horizontal movement of the carriages on which the pallet is placed is turned on, and the carriages are moved in the corresponding direction until the pallet is placed above the load-bearing consoles. Then the loading platform is lowered and the pallet remains on the load-bearing consoles, and the carriages return to their original position on the horizontal beams in the passage between the load-bearing consoles. Removal of the vehicle from the storage compartment takes place in the reverse order; in this case, the pallet with the vehicle must be lifted above the load-bearing consoles in order to be released from fixation. The disadvantage of this parking lot is heavy loads on the lift, since all the efforts when moving the pallet with the car are transferred directly to the cargo platform. The greatest efforts arise from bending moments caused by the cantilever arrangement of the carriages when loading the car into the storage cell and unloading it from the cell when, after removing the pallet from the load-bearing consoles, the entire weight of the car is perceived by the carriages when they are in the maximum extended position. The disadvantages of the parking should also include the increased duration of the loading and unloading cycle, associated with the need for additional vertical movements of the cargo platform.

 A multi-tier mechanized warehouse is known for storing pallets of large weight and dimensions, containing two racks of storage cells, in the passage between which there is a lift in the form of a stacker crane equipped with a horizontally moving freight platform with a pallet moving mechanism equipped with two chain conveyors. Each pallet is equipped with rollers located on its lower and lateral surfaces, and four pairs of spring-loaded stops, the cargo platform is equipped with guides for the rollers of the pallet, and brackets with gripping rollers interacting with the stops are fixed on chain conveyors (see USSR copyright certificate N 735494, cl B 65 G 1/02, 1980). When unloading the pallet from the storage cell, the elevator moves the cargo platform to the cell level, and then the cargo platform moves horizontally towards the cell until the chain conveyor is under the spring-loaded stops. The drive of the chain conveyors is turned on and the gripping rollers move the first stop, press the second stop and move the pallet from the cell to the cargo platform. The loading platform with the pallet is moved to its original position and lowered by a lift to the lower level, where the pallet is unloaded from the loading platform using chain conveyors. The presence of rollers on the pallet significantly reduces the force to move the pallet with and without cargo and thereby reduces energy consumption. The disadvantage of this warehouse is the absence of a pallet fixation device in each storage cell, the operation of which would be coordinated with the operation of chain conveyors when loading and unloading the pallet of their cell, which requires the presence of an autonomous remotely controlled lock for the safety of the vehicle on the pallet. Another drawback of this warehouse is the cantilever location of the cargo platform when loading and unloading the pallet of their storage cell, which increases the power load on the cargo platform.

 Known multi-storey mechanized warehouse containing two racks with storage cells equipped with rollers, pallets for piece goods, a hoist in the form of a stacker crane in the aisle between the racks, with a cargo platform and pallets latches located in the storage cells, each of which is made in the form of a spring-loaded lever with a protrusion on the upper surface that enters the transverse groove on the bottom of the pallet, and is equipped with a device for squeezing the specified lever, made in the form of a two-shouldered rocking chair, one shoulder of which rests on a support joining lever. The loading platform is equipped with a pallet moving mechanism having a load gripping lever and a drive for moving the load gripping lever across the load platform. On the load gripping lever there is a vertical protrusion interacting with a groove on the bottom of the pallet, and a horizontal protrusion interacting with the free shoulder of the two-arm rocking chair when the spring-loaded lever is pressed (see USSR author's certificate N 1152891, class B 65 G 1/02, 1985). When unloading the pallet from the storage cell, the cargo platform moves to the cell level and the load gripping lever moves along the cargo platform under the bottom of the pallet until its vertical protrusion is opposite the groove of the pallet. The load-lifting lever is rotated by introducing its vertical protrusion into the groove of the pallet. In this case, the load-gripping lever presses on the free shoulder of the two-arm rocking chair, moves the spring-loaded lever down and displays its protrusion from the groove on the bottom of the pallet. Then drag the pallet onto the loading platform. The disadvantage of this warehouse is the complicated kinematics of the drive for moving the pallet, since it is necessary to first extend the load-lifting lever outside the cargo platform under the bottom of the pallet, then turn it into position to hook the pallet, and only after that the pallet moves from the cell to the cargo platform. This requires either multiple drives or a complex transmission system.

 The closest to the claimed invention in terms of essential features is a multi-tiered mechanized parking lot containing a frame with two racks of storage cells, a lift in the aisle between the racks with a cargo platform, car pallets equipped with rollers, rail guides for pallet rollers located in the storage cells and on the cargo platform , a device for fixing the pallet in the storage cell and a mechanism for moving the pallet from the cargo platform to the storage cell and vice versa, including s from the lower side of the pallet on its end and towing hooks mounted on the mobile loading platform chain conveyor with means for gripping the towing hooks. The movable platform is made with bevels at the ends. The device for fixing the pallet in the storage cell is made in the form of a spring-loaded lever having a spike on its upper surface that enters one of the transverse grooves on the lower surface of the pallet. The device for gripping the towing hook is made in the form of a tooth mounted on one of the links of the conveyor and interacting with the towing hook of the pallet (see application EPO N 0376621, class E 04 H 6/22, B 65 G 1/04, 1994). The car is stored in the cell of the rack on the pallet, while the retainer spike enters the transverse groove of the pallet, preventing it from rolling out of the cell. When unloading a car, the cargo platform moves to the level of the storage cell in which the pallet with the car is located. The movable platform is moved along the loading platform until it rests against the bevelled lever with a beveled end. With further movement of the moving platform, the bevel at the end presses the lever and removes the spike from the transverse groove of the pallet, while the end of the chain conveyor will be placed under the hook of the pallet. When the chain conveyor is turned on, the tooth enters the hook on the pallet and begins to move the pallet with the car from the cell to the moving platform. After transferring the pallet with the car to the moving platform, the latter is moved to the central part of the cargo platform and lowered to the first floor of the parking lot, where the pallet with the car is pulled to the receiving platform. When taking the car to the parking lot, the latter drives onto the pallet at the receiving platform, the pallet with the car is moved by a chain conveyor onto the movable platform of the elevator and raised to a predetermined storage cell. When loading the car into the storage cell, the latch lever is pressed by the end face of the mobile platform, the pallet with the car is moved to the cell and the movable platform is withdrawn, releasing the latch lever. The spring lifts the lever and the spike enters the groove of the pallet, protecting it from accidental movements. The disadvantage of this parking lot is the need to equip the elevator with separate drives of the chain conveyor and mobile platform and coordinate their work. Another disadvantage of this parking lot is the increased dimensions in terms of, since increased gaps between the cargo platform and storage cells are needed to move the mobile platform when loading and unloading vehicles to unlock the pallet in the storage cell. In this parking lot, the mobile platform, the cargo platform and the lift as a whole experience increased loads, since moving the mobile platform leads to an increase in bending moments acting on the structure. An increase in power load and the presence of a movable platform on the loading platform increases the material consumption of the parking structure.

 The main task to be solved by the claimed invention is directed is the creation of a multi-tiered mechanized car park with simplified kinematics of moving the car into the storage cell and vice versa, which will reduce the duration of the cycle of putting the car in the cell for storage and delivery to the consumer and, thereby, increase the parking capacity during peak hours.

 Another objective to which the claimed invention is directed, is the creation of a multi-tiered mechanized parking lot with reduced dimensions in plan, with increased operational reliability and less material consumption.

 The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is to reduce the duration of the loading and unloading cycle of the vehicle.

 The stated technical tasks are achieved by the fact that in the well-known multi-tiered mechanized car park containing a frame with two racks of storage cells, a lift with a cargo platform in the passage between the racks, car pallets equipped with rollers, rail guides for the pallet rollers located in the storage cells and on the cargo platform, the device for fixing the pallet in the storage cell and the mechanism for moving the pallet from the loading platform to the storage cell and vice versa, including towing a trailer and a chain conveyor mounted on a loading platform with a device for gripping a towing hook, according to the invention, the pallet fixing device in the storage cell is provided with two stoppers mounted on the power structure of the storage cell between the rail guides, two spring-loaded levers pivotally mounted on the pallet, each of which is equipped fixing tooth on its lower surface in contact with the corresponding stopper, and a means of pressing the fixing teeth to the stoppers, and the mechanism is displaced the pallet from the loading platform to the storage compartment and vice versa is equipped with an additional towing hook placed on the pallet and an additional chain conveyor mounted on the freight platform with a device for gripping the specified hook, each of the towing hooks is located on the free end of the spring lever and is made in the form of a hook with downward-facing pharynx having a cylindrical contact surface and a lead-in portion whose clearance is less than the diameter of the specified surface, both chain conveyors are connected s to a common drive, and each of them is placed in the same plane with one of the spring-loaded levers, and each of the devices for gripping the towing hook is made in the form of a traction lever, pivotally mounted at one end on the corresponding chain conveyor and carrying a fork with two sequentially located gripping rollers in contact with the throat of the hook, and a leash, one end of which is pivotally connected to the traction arm, and the second to the chain conveyor at a distance of several links from the attachment point th lever.

 In addition, chain conveyors and rail guides on the loading platform can be placed parallel to the short side of the loading platform.

 It is advisable to apply an antifriction coating of molybdenum disulfide on the contacting surfaces of the hook pharynx and gripping rollers.

 The tool for tightening the fixing teeth to the stoppers can be made in the form of two inclined platforms located on the rail guides of the storage cell under the rollers of the pallet from the side opposite to the spring levers.

 The invention consists in the following.

 Equipping the device for securing the pallet in the storage cell with two spring-loaded levers pivotally attached to the pallet, placing each of the towing hooks at the free end of the corresponding spring-loaded lever, making the towing hook in the form of a hook with a downward-facing throat having a cylindrical contact surface and a lead-in section whose clearance is smaller than the diameter the specified surface, equipping the traction arm with a fork with two successive gripping rollers in contact with the throat to yuka, in the presence of two chain conveyors on the loading platform, located in the same plane with spring levers, when the conveyors are operating, it provides sequential operations to unlock the pallet and move it to the cargo platform, since the gripping rollers through the entry sections enter the yaw of the hooks, lift the spring levers , releasing the pallet from fixing, and then move the pallet to the loading platform. The implementation of each of the devices for gripping the towing hook in the form of a traction arm pivotally attached at one end to the corresponding chain conveyor, and a leash, one end of which is pivotally connected to the traction arm and the other end with a chain conveyor at a distance of several links from the attachment point of the specified lever, provides when moving chain conveyors the extension of the traction arms to the working position to capture the towing hooks after passing the gap between the cargo platform and the storage unit. In the idle position, the traction arms are located under the cargo platform and do not impede its movement between the racks of the parking lot. This eliminates the need for horizontal movement of the cargo platform itself or its units when moving the pallet between the cell and the cargo platform, which reduces the duration of the movement cycle. This provides increased rigidity of the traction arm, which increases the reliability of the movement of the pallet. The supply of the device for fixing the pallet in the storage cell with two stoppers fixed on its power structure between the rail guides, in the presence of a fixing tooth on the lower surface of each spring lever, as well as a means of pressing the locking teeth to the stoppers, ensures reliable fixation of the pallet in the storage cell and the removal of this fixation when lifting the spring levers before moving the pallet. The presence on the loading platform of two chain conveyors connected to a common drive reduces the likelihood of skewing the pallet when it moves along the rail, including when moving the pallet through the gap between the cargo platform and the storage unit.

 Placing chain conveyors and rail guides on the loading platform parallel to the short side of the loading platform gives an additional gain in time when moving the pallet, since the distance that the pallet moves on the loading platform and in the storage unit is reduced.

 The application of an antifriction coating of molybdenum disulfide on the contact surfaces of the throat of the hook and the gripping rollers reduces the wear of the contacting surfaces and makes it possible to reduce the drive power of the mechanism for moving the pallet from the loading platform to the storage cell and vice versa.

 The implementation of inclined platforms on the rail guides of the storage cell under the rollers of the pallet from the side opposite to the spring levers, provides a constant tightening of the locking teeth to the stoppers due to the weight of the pallet and the car.

 The applicant is not aware of multi-tiered mechanized parking lots with the indicated combination of essential features and the claimed combination of essential features does not follow explicitly from the current state of the art, which confirms the compliance of the claimed invention with the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed parking lot with two storage facilities, a general view; in FIG. 2 and 3 - sections aa and bb in FIG. 1, respectively; in FIG. 4 is a section BB of FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale; in FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view of a cargo platform without a pallet; FIG. 6 - place G in FIG. 3; in FIG. 7 is a section DD in FIG. 3 on an enlarged scale; in FIG. 8 is a section EE in FIG. 7; in FIG. 9 is a sectional view FJ in FIG. 5; in FIG. 10 is a sequence of unlocking a pallet from a storage cell.

 The parking lot consists of two parallel installed storage facilities - the main 1 and additional 2 and the technical compartment 3 connected to them. Each storage has a power frame 4 and includes two parallel multi-tier racks 5 with cells 6 for storing cars on pallets 7.

 Each pallet 7 is equipped with rollers 8 located on its transverse force elements 9, and guide rails 10, forming grooves 11 for the wheels of the car. The surface of the grooves has a corrugation 12 and wedge-shaped stops 13 for fixing the position of the car on the pallet 7.

 In the passage between the racks 5 there is a shaft 14 in which a hoist with a cargo platform 15 in the form of a cradle is installed, equipped with two rail guides 16 for rollers 8 of the pallet 7 and a mechanism for moving the pallet from the cargo platform 15 to the storage cell 6 and vice versa. In the technical compartment 3 posted by the actuators 17 vertical movement of the cargo platform 15.

 Each of the storage cells 6 is formed by four support brackets 18 mounted on the power elements of the frame 4, with two parallel supporting beams 19 of the I-beam cross-section mounted on the brackets 18 and rail guides 20 for rollers 8 of the pallet 7 mounted on their shelves. The storage cell 6 is equipped with a device fixing the pallet 7, including two stoppers 21, mounted on the support beams 19 between the rail rails 20, and two spring-loaded levers 22 pivotally mounted on the pallet 7, each of which is equipped with It is fixed with a fixing tooth 23 on its lower surface, in contact with the corresponding stopper 21. To prevent spontaneous rolling out of the pallet 7 from the storage cell 6 on the guides 20 under the rollers 8 of the pallet 7 from the side opposite to the spring levers 22, two inclined platforms 24 are fixed, providing constant compression the fixing teeth 23 to the stoppers 21 due to the weight of the pallet 7 and the car.

 The mechanism for moving the pallet 7 into the storage cell 6 and vice versa includes two towing hooks located at the free ends of the spring levers 22. Each towing hook is made in the form of a hook 25 with a downward throat 26. The throat of the hook has a cylindrical contact surface 27 and a lead-in section 28 whose clearance is less than the diameter of the specified surface. Pallets 7 are installed in each storage cell 6 so that the spring-loaded levers 22 with hooks 25 do not protrude into the shaft 14 of the lift. On the loading platform 15, a geared motor 29 is mounted, connected by two chain transmissions 30 with two shafts 31 located at the edges of the loading platform 15, facing storage cells 6. The cargo platform 15 is equipped with two chain conveyors 32, sprockets 33 of which are mounted on the shafts 31. Each of the chain conveyors 32 is placed in the same plane as one of the spring levers 22, while the chain conveyors 32 and the rail rails 16 of the cargo platform 15 are parallel to its short side . On each chain conveyor 32, two traction arms 34 are pivotally fixed at one end, supporting a fork 35 with two gripping rollers 36 arranged in series on the free end. Leash 37 is pivotally connected to each traction arm 34, the second end of which is pivotally connected to the chain conveyor 32 on the distance of several links from the attachment point of the traction arm 34 on it. The antifriction coating of molybdenum disulfide is applied to the contacting surfaces of the throat 26 of the hook 25 and the gripping rollers 36.

 In the lower part of the parking lot between the shafts 14 there is an operator cabin 37 in which a control panel and an electronic computer are installed (not shown in the drawing).

 Parking is as follows.

 When the vehicle is accepted for storage on the cargo platform 15, the pallet 7 stored in it is overloaded from any empty cell 6. For this, the cargo platform 15 rises to the specified tier of the rack 5 and stops opposite the selected storage cell 6. When lifting the cargo platform 15, the traction arms 34 are located on the lower branches of the chain conveyors 32 under the cargo platform 15 and do not interfere with its movement in the shaft 14 of the elevator. The choice of the cell 6 for storing the car and the exact installation of the cargo platform 15 opposite this cell are carried out using any known control system (not shown). If necessary, the loading platform 15 can be fixed relative to the selected storage cell 6. The gear motor 29 and the traction arms 34 are turned on, moving together with the links of the chain conveyors 32, they pass the gap between the cargo platform 15 and the storage unit 6 for engagement with the hooks 25. The gripping rollers 36 freely pass through the lead-in sections 28 of the jaw 26 of the hooks 25 and further the movement of the chain conveyors 32 raise the spring-loaded levers 22, bringing the locking teeth 23 out of engagement with the stoppers 21. In this case, there is some displacement of the pallet 7 along the rail guides 20 into the storage cell 6. The pallet 7 freed from locking is moved by the traction arms 34 to the loading platform 15. The gripping rollers 36 when moving the pallet 7 are located almost horizontally in the yaw 26 of the hooks 25, which eliminates the breakdown of the latter from the traction arms 34, since the clearance of the entry section 28 of the hook pharynx is less than the diameter of its cylindrical contact surface 27. Upon completion of the movement of the pallet 7 to the loading platform 15, the geared motor 29 is turned off by the command of the control electronic computer. The pallet 7 is fixed on the loading platform 15 by the gripping rollers 36 of the traction arms 34. The loading platform 15 with the pallet 7 is lowered down to receive the vehicle.

 When placing the vehicle for storage in the storage 1 or 2, the car drives forward or backward, respectively, along the grooves 11 onto the pallet 7, with the wheels stopping in the wedge-shaped stops 13. Further loading of the vehicle into the storage unit 6 and its unloading from there are carried out by the operator using the electronic control - computer without driver. The cargo platform 15 by means of the drive 17 vertical movement rises to the tier, from the cell 6 of which the pallet 7 was taken. The motor gearbox 29 is turned on and the pallet 7 with the vehicle by traction arms 34 is moved to the storage cell 6. At the end of the cycle of moving the pallet 7 with the car to the storage cell 6, the traction arms 34 together with the chain conveyors 32 move around the circumference of the sprockets 33. At the same time, the gripping rollers 36 begin to move down a curved path and move the hooks 25 of the towing hooks and the hooks connected with them spring levers 22. The rollers 8 of the pallet 7 from the side opposite to the spring levers 22 run into inclined platforms 24 of the rail guides 20 of the storage cell 6 and the end of the pallet 7 rises, creating a rolling force e. The gripping rollers 36 of the traction arms 34 continue to press on the contact surface 27 of the hook 25, moving the pallet 7 with the car into the storage cell 6 until the locking teeth 23 of the spring levers 22 move beyond the stops 21. Upon further movement of the chain conveyors 32, the gripping rollers 36 exit from the hook 26 25 through the entry section 28 and move under the loading platform 15. In this case, under the action of the rolling force, the pallet 7 with the vehicle starts to move towards the loading platform 15 until the locking teeth 23 stop in the stoppers 21, completing the operation setting the car in storage cell 6. The loading platform 15 is released for subsequent work.

 The unloading of the pallet 7 with the car from the storage cell 6 is carried out similarly to moving down the free pallet 7 for receiving the car.

 All units and structural elements of the proposed car park can be manufactured at engineering plants using modern materials and technologies, which confirms the industrial applicability of the claimed invention.

Claims (5)

 1. A multi-tier mechanized parking lot containing a frame with two racks of storage cells, a lift with a cargo platform in the aisle between the racks, car pallets equipped with rollers, rail guides for pallet rollers in the storage cells and on the cargo platform, a pallet fixing device in the storage compartment and a pallet moving mechanism from the loading platform to the storage unit and vice versa, including a towing hook placed on the pallet and a chain conveyor mounted on the loading platform with device for gripping the towing hook, characterized in that the device for securing the pallet in the storage cell is equipped with two stoppers fixed to the power structure of the storage cell between the rail guides, two spring-loaded levers pivotally attached to the pallet, each of which is equipped with a fixing tooth on its lower surface, which contacts with an appropriate stopper, and a means of tightening the fixing teeth to the stoppers, and the mechanism for moving the pallet from the loading platform to the storage unit and back to sleep wives placed on a pallet with an additional towing hook and an additional chain conveyor mounted on the loading platform with a device for gripping the specified hook, each of the towing hooks is located on the free end of the spring-loaded lever and is made in the form of a hook with a downward throat having a cylindrical contact surface and a lead-in a section whose clearance is smaller than the diameter of the indicated surface, both chain conveyors are connected to a common drive, and each of them is placed in the same plane with one of the spring-loaded levers, and each of the devices for gripping the towing hook is made in the form of a traction lever pivotally mounted at one end on the corresponding chain conveyor and carrying a fork with two successively located gripping rollers in contact with the throat of the hook and a leash, one end which is pivotally connected to the traction arm, and the second to the chain conveyor at a distance of several links from the attachment point of the specified lever.  2. The parking lot according to claim 1, characterized in that the chain conveyors and rail guides on the loading platform are parallel to the short side of the loading platform.  3. A parking lot according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an antifriction coating is applied to the contacting surfaces of the throat of the hook and the gripping rollers.  4. Parking according to claim 3, characterized in that the antifriction coating is made of molybdenum disulfide.  5. The parking lot according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for tightening the fixing teeth to the stoppers is made in the form of two inclined platforms located on the rail guides of the storage cell under the rollers of the pallet from the side opposite to the spring-loaded levers.

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