RU2117026C1 - Pyrolytic process for charcoal production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: carbon materials. SUBSTANCE: process includes container loading of wood into pyrolyzer, drying, pyrolysis, cooling, and discharging. Containers are formed by introducing pistons into interior of pyrolyzer, tightly closed at its outlet end, to provide heat insulation between equal-size zones. Drying is effected by exhausted gases preheated in the working pyrolysis zone. Exhausted gases and steam are withdrawn from drying zone separately. Charcoal is cooled first by means of cooler and then under natural sprinkling. Additional steam-heat activation of charcoal in pyrolysis zone is performed using heat of pyrolysis zone. Cooling zone is provided with additional heater, and natural cooling zone is isolated from atmosphere. EFFECT: reduced power consumption. 4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the chemical technology of wood, in particular the production of charcoal.

 Methods for the production of charcoal are heat treatment of wood with stages of carbonization and final heat treatment in a chamber furnace with a cooler.

 Traditional methods do not provide sufficient equipment performance and high product quality.

 A known method of producing charcoal by heat treatment of wood with stages of carbonization and final heat treatment in a chamber furnace with a cooler, in which during the carbonization forced circulation of the gas and vapor generated in the furnace is carried out in the chamber, and during the final heat treatment circulation of non-condensable gases through the cooler (SU, 374360 A, 06/13/73).

 Due to the forced circulation of steam and gas during reflux and non-condensable gases through the cooler during the final heat treatment and, in addition, loading by containers pre-filled with wood, the productivity of the process increases, but at the same time, a sufficiently high quality of the product is not ensured, manufacturing, loading and unloading costs are required containers.

 There is a known method of producing charcoal in containers by moving containers through drying, quenching and cooling chambers, in which water is supplied to the quenching chamber before moving containers from the quenching chamber, and the resulting vapor from the quenching chamber is supplied to the cooling chamber (SU, 1171506 A, 07.08. 85).

 By the maximum number of similar features and the technical nature of this decision was made as a prototype. The known method allows to increase the productivity of the process and increase the yield of the product. But, the proposed method requires additional costs for manufacturing, transportation (rail track), loading and unloading containers. In addition, with such a loading of the pyrolyzer, a sufficiently high quality product is not achieved and the technology requires a rather complicated hardware design. In the proposed embodiment, the cost of the product will be high.

 To reduce the cost of charcoal, improve its consumer qualities, increase the productivity of the process in the proposed method of pyrolytic production of charcoal, which includes container loading into the pyrolyzer, drying, pyrolysis, cooling and loading, feeding wood, produce containers that are formed by introducing into the internal cavity of the pyrolyzer, hermetically closed at the inlet and outlet of the pistons that provide thermal insulation between equal areas, the wood is dried by exhaust gases, preheated in the pyrolysis working zone, the exhaust gases and water vapor are removed from the drying zone separately, cooling is carried out first using a refrigerator, then by natural irrigation.

 In addition, charcoal is additionally activated in the pyrolysis zone by steam thermal activation due to the energy of the pyrolysis zone, a heater is additionally installed in the refrigerator zone, and the free cooling zone is isolated from the atmosphere.

 Unlike the prototype, in the proposed method for producing charcoal, the wood is fed into the pyrolyzer by loading into containers formed by the internal cavity of the pyrolyzer and pistons inserted into it, providing insulation between equal zones, the wood is dried by the exhaust gases preheated in the working zone, the exhaust gases and water steam is removed from the drying zone separately, and cooling is carried out first using a refrigerator, then by natural irrigation, and in the cold zone a heater is additionally installed on the flax, and the free cooling zone is isolated from the atmosphere. Additionally, coal is activated in the pyrolysis zone by steam thermal activation due to the energy of the pyrolysis zone.

 Comparison of the proposed solution with the prototype and other known solutions in this field did not reveal the presence of identical and similar features.

 The technical essence of the proposed technology is as follows. The loading of wood into the pyrolyzer is carried out by containers, but in contrast to the known container loading methods, special manufacture of containers is not required, because in the proposed solution, the containers are formed by the internal cavity of the pyrolyzer and the pistons introduced into it. This loading allows you to form equal areas of the processed material and insulate them from each other, which increases the efficiency of the process and control over its various stages.

 Drying is carried out by exhaust gases preheated in the working zone of the furnace (pyrolysis zone). This increases the efficiency of the drying process and the efficiency of the entire technology. To increase safety, exhaust gases and water vapor are separately removed from the drying zone - the onset of pyrolysis in the drying zone and the accumulation of gases, leading to disruptions in the operation of equipment and technology, are prevented.

 The next working zone in the technological chain is the pyrolysis zone, in which the wood is charred. If necessary, steam thermal activation can be performed in the pyrolysis zone due to the energy of the pyrolysis zone, which increases the efficiency of the process by reducing energy consumption and increases the consumer properties of the product. In addition, a heater is additionally installed in the refrigerator area, in the case of coal activation, to increase its quality. In the case of non-activated carbon, only a refrigerator is installed in the cooling zone. The next technological cycle is the zone of natural cooling of the resulting product by natural cooling with water to prevent fire. For the same purpose, the free cooling zone is isolated from the atmosphere, for example, by a hydraulic shutter.

 The method is as follows (drawing).

 Technological wood is loaded through a loading device 5, made in the form of a hopper with a hatch, into a container formed by a pyrolyzer metal pipe 1 and pistons 6 with a rod 7 inserted into it. Pistons and rods are detachable and, at the end of the process, the pistons and rods are transferred to its beginning and the container formation cycle is repeated.

 The system moves one cycle (piston distance) using a winch and the container enters the drying chamber 8. The wood is dried by the exhaust gases coming from the pyrolysis zone through the smoke channel 15 and the chimney 14 passing through the high-temperature pyrolysis zone to heat the gases. Thus, the energy of the pyrolysis zone is also used to dry the material. From the drying chamber 8, the exhaust gases through the exhaust pipe 3 exit into the atmosphere. After the next cyclic movement, the container from the drying chamber 8 enters the first zone of the pyrolysis chamber 10, where the carbonization actually occurs due to the high temperature created by the furnace 4. Pyrolysis gases through the exhaust pipe 12 enter the combustion chamber, where they are afterburned. During the next movement, the container enters the activation zone of the pyrolysis chamber 10, which is equipped with a steam supply pipe 11 and a gas exhaust pipe 13, which enters the combustion chamber, where the afterburning takes place.

 In the next cycle, the container with hot activated carbon enters the first cooling zone, where a water heater 16 and a water cooler 17 are installed.

 The past "soft cooling" of the container then enters the irrigation zone, equipped with a supply tank 18 and a hydraulic shutter 19. This completes the process. Activated carbon is discharged from the container; the detachable piston-rod system moves to the loading zone to form a new container.

 Compared with known methods, the proposed technology has the following advantages.

 The cost of the product is reduced by a factor of 2–4 when it is of high quality due to the highly efficient use of process energy (drying with exhaust gases heated in the pyrolysis zone, using the pyrolysis energy for activation). The process safety is increased (separate withdrawal from the drying zone of exhaust gases and water vapor, a zone of natural irrigation with a hydraulic shutter).

 The technological process takes place in a natural sequence with minimal energy consumption.

 The resulting high-quality products at a low production cost are competitive not only in the domestic but also in the international market.

Claims (4)

 1. The method of pyrolytic production of charcoal, including container loading of wood into the pyrolyzer, drying, pyrolysis, cooling and unloading, characterized in that the supply of wood is produced by containers, which are formed by introducing into the internal cavity of the pyrolyzer, hermetically closed at the outlet, pistons providing thermal insulation between by equal zones, the wood is dried by the exhaust gases preheated in the working pyrolysis zone, the exhaust gases and water vapor are removed separately from the drying zone , cooling is carried out first using a refrigerator, then by natural irrigation.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the charcoal is additionally activated in the pyrolysis zone by steam-thermal activation due to the energy of the pyrolysis zone.  3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that in the area of the refrigerator an additional heater is installed.  4. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the free cooling zone is isolated from the atmosphere.