RU2115851C1 - Mechanism for conversion of reciprocating motion into rotary motion or rotary motion into reciprocating motion (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: three-dimensional cam gear for conversion of reciprocating motion into rotary motion or rotary motion of reciprocating motion may be used in engines, compressors and other technological equipment. Lateral surfaces of rotating or reciprocating cam have curvilinear slots which are used to receive taper rollers perpendicular to axis of cam and corresponding to shape of slots; they belong to coupling or pusher located coaxially relative to cam; they perform reciprocating or rotary motion when rollers are moving in slots of cam. Slots on lateral surface of cam have equal depth and/or width and are shifted relative to one another by 2/n, where n is number of slots. In other versions, slots are made on reciprocating cylindrical pusher and rollers belong to revolving shaft located coaxially relative to pusher. EFFECT: enhanced durability due to smooth distribution of loads. 5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanisms for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion.

 These mechanisms are used in many areas of mechanical engineering. They are used in motion converting devices, internal combustion engines, reciprocating compressors and pumps, reciprocating feeders, and other technological equipment.

 The main transforming mechanism, characterized by high simplicity, manufacturability and reliability, is a crank mechanism. However, it has such disadvantages as the imbalance of translationally moving and rotating masses, which leads to an increase in the mass of the mechanism, the presence of "dead spots", the significant space required for movement, and the inability to reproduce the required law of motion of the slider (piston).

 There are transforming mechanisms that are different from crank mechanisms and having better weight and dimensional characteristics: mechanisms with flat and spatial rotating washers, a mechanism with a swaying, uniformly precessing washer, the Zhirodin mechanism, a crank-cardan converting mechanism (Chistyakov V.K. Piston Dynamics and combined internal combustion engines. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1989. - 256 p.). All these mechanisms are united by the name "axial piston mechanism" (APM).

 Among the analogues of the claimed invention in instrumentation, a number of mechanisms are known that convert reciprocating motion into rotational or rotational motion into reciprocating motion, for example, “Three-link spatial mechanism with a cylindrical cam” (I. Artobolevsky. Mechanisms in modern technology: A reference book in 7 volumes . TV: Cam and friction mechanisms. Mechanisms with flexible links. - M .: Nauka, 1981. - P. 49, mechanism N 2867) and "Three-link spatial mechanism with an eight-shaped groove profile" (T am, p. 50, mechanism N 2870).

 In three-link spatial mechanisms with a cylindrical cam (mechanism N 2867) and an eight-shaped groove profile (mechanism N 2870) there is a cylindrical cam with a groove rotating around a fixed axis, a pusher with a conical or lenticular roller, which, moving along the cam groove, sets the reciprocating translational motion of the pusher. However, the cam and pusher are misaligned, which is why the application of loads on both the pusher and the cam is asymmetric with respect to their axes, which, in comparison with the present invention, necessitates reinforcing the support of the pusher and cam and leads to an increase in the total mass of the mechanism. In addition, friction losses, skews and bends of the axis of the pusher and the cam between the bearings increase, reducing the efficiency of the analogue mechanism.

 Analogues of the proposed mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational or rotational motion into reciprocating motion are also the mechanisms used in the devices: "Method and device for balancing an internal combustion engine connected to a drive shaft", US patent 4834033 (РЖ "Internal combustion engines", 1990, N 10, p. 5); "ICE with opposed single annular pistons and a central shaft", US patent 4887558 (RZ "Internal combustion engines", 1991, N 9, p.3).

 The ICE balancing device (US Pat. No. 4,834,033) has a “cam drum having a cam groove surrounding the cam drum along a predetermined path” mounted parallel to the axis of the device. There is a roller mechanism mounted on the rod, which when making a reciprocating movement moves along the groove and causes the rotation of the cam drum (cam). However, in this device, the application of loads to the roller mechanism is asymmetric relative to the axis of the rod, which necessitates the use of additional supports for the rod in order to remove lateral loads on the engine cylinders from the pistons, which leads to an increase in the total mass of the mechanism. In addition, friction losses, skews and bends of the shaft axis between the supports increase, reducing the efficiency of the analogue mechanism. The same can be said about the cam drum, even if not one pair of cylinders is installed with it, but a larger number of them, since the working processes in adjacent pairs of cylinders will occur with a phase shift and forces from pressure and inertia will be transmitted to different points of the drum with unequal displacement along the axis.

 Among other analogues of the proposed solution, one can specify the motion conversion mechanism used in an internal combustion engine with opposed single annular pistons and a central shaft (US patent N 4887558). The mechanism contains a reciprocating piston assembly and a central shaft, the thickened central part of which plays the role of a cam and has two closed sinusoidal grooves. The piston unit and the shaft are aligned, as in the claimed invention. However, there are a number of significant differences. Firstly, in an analog, the interaction of the piston and the shaft occurs through radial fingers, not the rollers. Secondly, the shape of the grooves in the analogue is such that there are four piston strokes per full revolution of the shaft, and not two, as in the claimed invention. This is due to the absence of an intersection of the grooves between each other and leads to the need to increase the average piston speed by half to achieve the required shaft speed or use a gearbox. In the first case, this leads to an increase in mechanical losses, and in the second, to an increase in the mass of the entire device.

 Closest to the claimed solution is a cam spatial mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational or rotational motion into reciprocating motion according to US patent N 3792616 dated 02/19/1974, including having the possibility of reciprocating motion or rotational motion relative to a stationary body, for example, a cylindrical cam or a pusher, on the lateral surface of which curved grooves of a given configuration are made, in which are placed perpendicular to the axis of the cam, on Example conical rollers corresponding to the shape of grooves and belonging disposed coaxially with the cam sleeve (or the follower shaft) having a capability of rotating or reciprocating movement relative to the housing when the rollers are moved by cam grooves (pusher). The main difference between the proposed solution from the prototype is that the curved grooves on the side surface of the cam or pusher are not equidistant, but intersect each other. Given that the grooves can have different depths and / or widths, in the proposed solution, almost complete symmetry of the load distribution inside the mechanism and the necessary continuity of their application can be achieved.

 Analogs and prototype, as well as the technical result obtained in the implementation of all variants of the invention, are common.

 The mechanism (figure 1) consists, for example, of a cylindrical cam with a pusher 2, the cross section of which, for example, has a square shape in order to prevent the cam from turning relative to its supports located along the axis "A-A". On the side surface of the cam 1, curved grooves "a" are made of a given configuration. In the grooves perpendicular to the axis of the mechanism are placed, for example, conical rollers 3 (corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the grooves of the cam) of the coupling 4, which can rotate around the axis of the mechanism "AA".

 In order to increase the transmitted loads while reducing mechanical losses and improving specific weight and size indicators due to the uniform distribution of the load on the parts of the mechanism, the number of grooves on the cam (respectively, the number of rollers) is two or more. At the same time, the depth and / or width of each groove is different, which allows each roller to move in its own groove, even when they intersect, with greater smoothness and less knocking.

 The mechanism works as follows. When the cam 1 moves from one dead center to another, the curved grooves “a” interact with the conical rollers 3. The pressure from the side of the grooves is transmitted to the rollers, which leads to the appearance of torque (torque) on the coupling 4. Thus, the conversion translational motion into rotational. The mechanism when converting rotational motion into reciprocating occurs in the reverse order.

 The mechanism (Fig. 2) consists, for example, of a cylindrical cam 1, which can rotate around the axis "aa". Curved grooves "a" of a given configuration are made on the side surface of the cam. In the grooves perpendicular to the axis of the mechanism are placed, for example, conical rollers 3 (corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the cam grooves) of the pusher 2 (the cross-section of which, for example, has a square shape in order to prevent the pusher from turning relative to its supports), which has the possibility of reciprocating movement along axis "A" -A".

 The mechanism works as follows. When the pusher 2 moves from one dead center to another, the conical rollers 3 and the curved grooves “a” interact. The pressure from the side of the rollers is transmitted on the surface of the grooves, which leads to the appearance of a torque (torque) on the cam shaft 1. Thus, the reciprocating motion is converted to rotational. The mechanism when converting rotational motion into reciprocating occurs in the reverse order.

 The mechanism (Fig. 3) consists, for example, of a cylindrical pusher 1 having the possibility of reciprocating motion along the axis "AA". On the inner surface of the pusher made curved grooves "a" of a given configuration. In the grooves perpendicular to the axis of the mechanism are placed, for example, conical rollers 3 (corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the pusher grooves) of the shaft 2, which can rotate around the axis "AA".

 The mechanism works as follows. When the pusher 1 moves from one dead center to another, the conical rollers 3 and the curved grooves “a” interact. The pressure from the grooves is transmitted on the surface of the rollers, which leads to the appearance of a torque (torque) on the shaft 2. Thus, the reciprocating motion is converted to rotational. The mechanism when converting rotational motion into reciprocating occurs in the reverse order.

 The mechanism (figure 4) consists of, for example, a cylindrical cam 1, which can rotate around the axis "aa". On the inner surface of the cam curved grooves "a" of a given configuration are made. In the grooves perpendicular to the axis of the mechanism are placed, for example, conical rollers 3 (corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the cam grooves) of the pusher 2 (the cross-section of which, for example, is square in order to prevent the pusher from turning relative to its supports), which has the possibility of reciprocating movement along axis "A" -A".

 The mechanism works as follows. When the pusher 2 moves from one dead center to another, the conical rollers 3 and the curved grooves “a” interact. The pressure from the side of the rollers is transmitted on the surface of the grooves, which leads to the appearance of a torque (torque) on the cam shaft 1. Thus, the reciprocating motion is converted to rotational. The mechanism when converting rotational motion into reciprocating occurs in the reverse order.

Claims (4)

 1. Cam spatial mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational or rotational motion into reciprocating motion, including having the possibility of reciprocating motion relative to the stationary body, for example, a cylindrical cam, on the lateral surface of which curved grooves of a given configuration are made in which are perpendicular to the axis cam, for example, tapered rollers corresponding to the shape of the grooves and belonging to the clutch located coaxially with the cam are placed Having the possibility of rotational movement relative to the housing when the rollers are moved by cam grooves, wherein the grooves on the side surface of the cam formed raznovelikie depth and / or width and offset from each other by 2π / n value, where n - the number of grooves.  2. Cam spatial mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational or rotational motion into reciprocating motion, including having the possibility of rotational motion relative to the stationary body, for example, a cylindrical cam, on the side surface of which curved grooves of a given configuration are made, in which are placed perpendicular to the axis of the cam for example, tapered rollers corresponding to the shape of the grooves and belonging to a cam follower aligned with the cam, having him the possibility of reciprocating motion relative to the housing when moving the rollers along the grooves of the cam, characterized in that the grooves on the side surface of the cam are made different in depth and / or width and offset relative to each other by 2π / n, where n is the number of grooves.  3. Cam spatial mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational or rotational motion into reciprocating motion, including having the possibility of reciprocating motion relative to the stationary body, for example, a cylindrical pusher with curved grooves of a given configuration, in which, for example, are placed perpendicular to the axis of the pusher tapered rollers corresponding to the shape of the grooves and belonging to the shaft located coaxially with the pusher, having the possibility of a rotator movement relative to the housing when moving the rollers along the curved grooves of the pusher, characterized in that the grooves on the inner surface of the pusher are different in depth and / or width and offset relative to each other by 2π / n, where n is the number of grooves.  4. Cam spatial mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational or rotational motion into reciprocating motion, including having the possibility of rotational motion relative to the stationary body, for example, a cylindrical cam with curved grooves of a given configuration, in which, for example, conical rollers are placed perpendicular to the axis of the cam corresponding to the shape of the grooves and belonging to the pusher arranged coaxially with the cam, having the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the housing when moving the rollers along the cam grooves, characterized in that the grooves on the inner surface of the cam are different in depth and / or width and are offset relative to each other by 2π / n, where n is the number of grooves.

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