RU2113570C1 - Method for knitting lace articles by hook - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of knitted products. SUBSTANCE: method involves knitting separate circular lace elements with petals equally spaced along perimeter and free ends of main thread; binding knitted elements by initially untying outer part of pattern edge by pulling free end of thread with following restoration of this part of pattern from untied thread by means of hook and simultaneously knitting in petals of element to be joined into related petals of adjoining elements of article. All elements of lace pattern are made similar, with equal number of petals multiple of six. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of product. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of crocheting and manual production of lace fabric, as well as lace products, including household goods, linen and clothes.

 Knitting is one of the oldest types of needlework. Known and widely used in practical activities in crocheting are the methods of manual manufacturing of various household goods, for example, napkins, tablecloths, various wraps, clothing items: collars, women's blouses, pelerines, etc., as well as lingerie items. Crocheted lace products do not have analogues obtained on knitting machines in the variety of patterns and the possibility of using different threads, from thin silk to thick wool for bedspreads.

 However, the traditional method of crocheting involves the manufacture of the product or its component from beginning to end in a pattern in the form of a single process performed by one person.

 Thus, the speed of manufacturing a lace product with a hook is determined by the speed of knitting by one person, since different parts of one product (for example, a back, shelves and sleeves for a blouse) are practically, even in specialized workshops, knitted sequentially one after another by the same needlewoman , which ensures the same tension of the thread and, accordingly, the density of the lace in all parts of the product.

 In addition, for fitting the finished product according to the figure, it is often necessary to change the size and shape of its parts, which leads in most cases to the need to dissolve the entire knitted part and knit it again taking into account the changes.

 These features of crocheting in the traditional way do not allow to increase the speed of manufacturing lace products above the knitting speed of one experienced needlewoman, taking into account the additional time for dressing, if necessary, make changes, and characterize the low manufacturability of lace products using a hook.

 There is also a known method of crocheting, in which first they knit several small-sized identical motifs (sockets), which are then combined into a single work - the original napkin. The knitting technique for such napkins is described, for example, in the following issues of the Valentina licensed magazine of the OVA-PRESS publishing house: N 6/95, p. 8 - 9, N 10 (26), 1996, p. 3, N 1 (28) 1997, p. 16 - 17.

 In this case, the individual elements are attached to each other by the petals either by stitching them with a thread, or hooked using connecting posts. These methods of connecting the individual elements into the product, quite suitable for making napkins, do not provide the strength necessary for clothing made of lace.

 There is also a known method of crocheting garments described in L. Ogurtsova’s album “Knitting-89”, M. Legprombytizdat, 1989, 48 pp., In the section “Vologda Motifs”, in which individual round lace elements are knitted first and then connect them together, forming the desired product in accordance with its pattern. At the same time, the elements are connected by single crochet columns or half-columns formed by one continuous thread connecting a number of elements.

 A method of manufacturing lace products by “collecting” them from separate, pre-connected elements, i.e. using a modular lace fabric, significantly increases the manufacturability of their manufacture with a hook.

 On the one hand, this is due to the fact that several needlewomen can be involved in the process of creating a lace product at the stage of preliminary knitting of lace elements, which significantly reduces the time of manufacturing the product as a whole.

 On the other hand, this method allows you to resize and adjust the shape of the finished product without completely dissolving it or part of it by tying the necessary additional elements or tying the excess.

 In addition, this method allows you to get lace products that do not have seams that connect its separate parts and grind the necessary tucks.

 However, firstly, using this method it is convenient to assemble only products consisting of flat parts of lace fabric formed in this way, i.e. quite simple in style.

 Secondly, the connecting thread stands out in relief on the assembled lace fabric, violating the impression of its unity, which in some cases is an undesirable effect.

 This led to the fact that this method did not find practical application for the manufacture of lace clothing.

 Known also the closest in technical essence described in Japanese application N 60-55619 "Method of hand knitting", cl. D 04 B 1/00, priority date 08/30/1983 G. (N 58-157080) of the applicant Kobayashi Mitsuko, first publication 12/05/1985 (N 3-1391), published in the Russian Federation's abstract collection "Inventions of the World", issue 73, N 8 for 1986

The specified method of hand knitting skirts, dresses, etc. clothing includes knitting of individual lace elements in the form of round flowers with evenly spaced petals, subsequent linking of these elements with other similar adjacent elements to obtain parts that are then assembled into a finished product. At the same time, to obtain different types of products or corresponding parts for them, the following methods are used:
flat products or their components are connected from elements in the form of 6-petal flowers,
a round-shaped flared skirt is connected from 5, 6 and 7 - petal flowers arranged in concentric circles and alternating in a certain order,
in places of clothing where wrinkling is required, a combination of 5, 6 and 7 - petal flowers is also used, in the form of a sequence of groups of 3 horizontal rows, and in each group, depending on the size of flare required, the number of knitted in the second row is increased flowers compared to the previous row and connect them in a certain pattern.

 Thus, this method of crocheting has all the advantages of manufacturing modular lace and products from it, listed above, and additionally allows you to create lace products of various types and complex styles.

 In addition, this method allows, if necessary, not only to adjust the dimensions of the product according to the figure, but also quickly enough to make changes to the style of the finished product.

 In this method, the traditional method of binding is used, in which lace elements - flowers are sequentially connected to each other for loose adjacent petals by crochet without crochet in accordance with a certain scheme depending on the desired type of product or its component part.

 With this traditional method of linking elements, a connecting thread, woven in the form of a single crochet, runs between the petals of the elements independently of them, having connection points with the elements only at the vertices of their petals. That is, in this case, the elements are attached with their petals to the connecting column for only one thread, which explains the fragility of such a connection of lace elements. At the same time, the possibility of accidental breakage or grinding of the connecting thread increases, which leads to the spread of whole pieces of the product fastened by this particular thread.

 Thus, the strength of products associated with this method is very low, which was the reason that this method did not find practical application.

 Secondly, with the traditional method of linking elements, as mentioned earlier, we get a lace fabric intersected by connecting "scars" that spoil the appearance of the products.

 In addition, to knit a particular product or its individual part in the described way, before starting to knit lace elements - flowers, it is required to determine in advance exactly the required number of each of the varieties: 5, 6 and 7 - petal flowers, by drawing up special patterns and performing additional calculations.

 At the same time, 5, 6 and 7 -petal flowers for receiving different products or corresponding parts are arranged (alternate) in a certain predetermined order and are interconnected according to strictly defined schemes, which requires increased attention of the needlewoman when assembling lace products, carried out manually.

 These factors complicate the implementation of the described method of hand crocheting and reduce its manufacturability, and for large products of heavy thread (for example, outerwear) make its use impossible.

 The claimed invention "A method of crocheting lace products" is aimed at solving such problems as increasing strength while maintaining uniformity of the modular lace fabric and products thereof, as well as improving manufacturability by simplifying the assembly process of lace products.

 The problem is solved in that in the inventive method for crocheting lace products, including preliminary knitting of individual lace elements of a circular shape with petals — protrusions evenly spaced around the perimeter, and subsequent forming of the product according to a pattern by crocheting elements for correspondingly adjacent petals, all lace elements are knitted with left free ends of the main thread, and to connect the elements in the product, first at the attached element dissolve for a free horse strand outer edge portion of the pattern, and then the hook is reduced pattern of yarn raveled while getting involved attachable element pitch corresponding to the pitch of adjacent elements are already formed article.

 With this connection method, each lace element of the product is connected to each adjacent element by the main thread of this adjacent element, i.e. as a result, it turns out to be woven with its petals into all neighboring elements surrounding it. This significantly increases the strength of the formed modular lace and products from it, since this eliminates the possibility of the product creeping out in case of accidental rupture or grinding of the thread, which occurs when connecting the elements in the traditional way. The strength of the products obtained by the claimed method is almost equal to the strength of the whole knitted lace products.

The specified method of connecting elements is used in cases:
when forming a flat product (its individual parts) or a product with folds (individual parts with a flare) in accordance with the patterns and the required thickness of the folds;
when "grinding" tucks, i.e. to obtain the volume in the product, connect the extreme elements located on opposite sides of the same tuck;
when assembling the product, the extreme elements of the corresponding adjacent parts are connected.

 In this case, as in the prototype method, a seamless lace product of any complex style is obtained.

 In addition, with the specified method of linking elements in comparison with the traditional one, a lace product is formed that does not have an additional relief formed by columns of connecting thread, which is superimposed on the openwork pattern and violates the impression of its unity. That is, this results in a uniform lace product that does not have connecting “scars” and externally gives the impression of a product knitted entirely in the traditional way - sequentially from beginning to end.

 Thus, the totality of the features of the proposed method of crocheting allows you to increase the strength of the modular lace fabric, while maintaining its uniformity, and products from it to the degree of strength and uniformity of knitted products.

 In the particular case of the implementation of the proposed method of crocheting, all lace elements are knitted the same and with an equal number of petals, a multiple of the number "6" (6, 12, 18, ...).

 In this case, the number "6" was obtained from the following conclusions.

Each pre-knitted lace element with petals can be arbitrarily represented as a circle with a radius of "R _o ".

It is known from mathematics that the length of the circle "C _o " formed by the radius "R _o " is equal to: C _o = 2 π • R _o .

If, at the same time, the same elements are placed closely around the lace element, then their centers form a circle with a radius of "R ₁ " and a circle length of "C ₁ ", which will be respectively equal to:
R ₁ = 2R _o
C ₁ = 2 π • R ₁ = 4 π • R _o
The number of elements "N ₁ ", which can be laid along the circumference of "C ₁ " with a radius of "R ₁ " around the central element, will be equal to:
N ₁ = C ₁ / 2R ₀ = 2π = 6 (elements)
That is, around one element can be placed closely 6 of the same elements. It follows that for the formation of a modular lace fabric in which its elements are located in the most dense manner, the minimum number of petals of these elements should be equal to 6 (six).

 At the same time, each petal of the central element is respectively connected to one of the petals of each other element located closely around it. In this case, all the elements of the lace fabric turn out to be interconnected by single bonds.

 However, with a sufficiently large size of the 6-lobed elements, there may be a mismatch between the openings inside the elements and the resulting distances between the connected petals of the adjacent elements in the fabric, which may violate the impression of the unity of the lace pattern.

 In such cases, all the lace elements are knitted with more than “6” number of petals, but a multiple of it, and are connected evenly with each other, that is, for example, 12-petal elements are connected in double lace with double bonds, and 18-petal elements with triple bonds, etc.

 In this case, using the same lace elements having 12 or more petals, it is possible to form not only products from flat parts in which each non-edge element is evenly connected to the 6 surrounding elements, but also other products.

For example, to obtain lace products or round-shaped parts, elements of radius "R _o " are placed close to each other along concentric circles.

Moreover, for the "n" -th circle will be:
radius R _n = 2n • R _o ;
circumference C _n = 2 π • R _n = 4 π • R ₀ • n;
the number of elements in this circle N _n = C _n / 2R ₀ = 2 π • n.

For the next, "n + 1" -th circle, it will be:
radius R _{n + 1} = 2 (n + 1) • R _o ;
circumference C _{n + 1} = 2 π • R _{n + 1} = 4 π • R _o (n + 1);
the number of elements in this circle N _{n + 1} = C _{n + 1} / 2R _o = 2 π • (n + 1).

Then the difference ΔN in the number of elements located in adjacent concentric circles "n" and "n + 1", the radii of which differ by the value of the diameter of one element "2R _o ", will be equal to:
Δ N = N _{n + 1} - N _n = 2 π • (n + 1) - 2 π • n = 2 π = 6 (elements)
Thus, to obtain round products (for example, flared skirts, poncho-type wraps, etc.), the number of lace elements arranged in concentric circles is increased by 6 elements in each subsequent circle compared to the previous one, thus connecting elements as close as possible to the lace pattern.

 To obtain highly flared details that form vertical folds in clothes (for example, frills, flounces, ruffles), lace elements are tied in rows, increasing the number of elements in any row compared to the previous one, depending on the required thickness of folds and style, indicated a flare operation is carried out the required number of times. In this case, the elements of each row are evenly connected to each other and each of them is connected to at least one free petal of the adjacent element of the adjacent row.

 Thus, the inventive method allows using the same lace elements with an equal number of petals, a multiple of the number "6", to obtain products that are diverse in style. At the same time, the operation of preliminary knitting of the elements is unified, and the process of forming a lace product is simplified, which increases the manufacturability of the proposed method of crocheting.

 In FIG. Figure 1 shows an example of a knitting pattern for a 12-lobed lace element, with decoding of the symbols, and the appearance of a napkin assembled from these elements.

 Knit products of the proposed method can be from any thread designed for crocheting. In this case, you can use any hooks of domestic or imported, for example Japanese. It is important to make the right choice of hook according to the size of its head (N hook), depending on the thickness of the selected thread. So, for example, cotton thread yarn) "Mouline thread" is most convenient to crochet N 0.75, cotton yarn "Iris", "Snowflake", "Lily", "Linen" - hook N 1.1, woolen thread "Alpafina" (wool-50%, alpaca-50%) - crochet N 3. For bedspreads, you can use twisted cotton thread "Garus", which is better to crochet N 3.

 Below, as an example of the implementation of the proposed method, describes the sequence of crocheting a lace jacket 48 of the size of a conventional model with sleeves from sailing silk.

 For the specified women's jacket, 50 coils of sailing silk of 50 m each will be required, as well as a hook N 1,1.

 First, lace 12-lobed elements are crocheted from silk into one thread according to the scheme shown, for example, in FIG. 1, leaving at each element free the end of the thread 5 ... 6 cm long.

 Then, one of the elements is pulled by the free “tip”, dissolving the outer row of the pattern at its two petals. After that, the hook of the specified size from the dissolved thread of the element restores its outer edge, simultaneously tying each of its two petals into the corresponding adjacent petals of the other lace element. Then they take the next element and likewise attach it to one of the first two, tying its two petals into the petals of this element, which are diametrically opposed to the petals of the previous compound. Thus, lace elements are tied in a row, where they are interconnected by double bonds, and the length of which is determined by the size of the pattern of one of the details of the jacket, for example, the width of the pattern of the back.

 The second row is tied to the first row, placing elements in it with a shift of half in relation to the elements of the first row, i.e. between them. To do this, the elements at the "tip" of the thread dissolve the outer row of the pattern at six of its petals, after which the pattern is restored, simultaneously tying two petals into the corresponding two petals of the previous element of its row, as well as into the adjacent two petals of the left and two petals of the right elements of the previous row.

 So, row by row, fill the area of the pattern with lace elements, forming the corresponding part of the product, such as the back.

 Moreover, each non-edge element in the lace is connected by double bonds with the elements surrounding it.

 In the same way, the remaining details of the jacket are formed in accordance with the pattern: shelves and sleeves. After that, the parts are interconnected, knitting into each other in this way the free petals of elements located on the corresponding edges of adjacent parts.

 In a similar way, connect the sleeves and close the tucks.

 The edges of the finished product (neck, bottom of the sleeves, bottom of the jacket, as well as the edges of the shelves along the midline) can be processed in two ways.

 In the first embodiment, the edge line is aligned, for which the elements protruding beyond this line are first spread out at the “tip” of the thread to the initial central circle connected by a chain of air loops, and then part of the element is restored from the same thread only to the edge line.

 In the second embodiment, the edge line is not aligned, but left fiston-shaped.

 To strengthen the edge of the product, the jacket, for example, is tied around the edge with a chain of air loops, connecting it to the free petals of the extreme elements directly or using columns with crochets of the appropriate length, preserving the lace pattern.

 At the end of the work, all free ends of the thread of the connected lace elements are plaited into the pattern.

 The result is a seamless lace product - a jacket, which does not differ in strength and appearance from a seamless crocheted product.

Claims (2)

 1. A method for crocheting lace products, including preliminary knitting of individual round lace elements with petals evenly spaced around the perimeter and subsequent formation of the product according to the pattern by crocheting individual elements for correspondingly adjacent petals, characterized in that all lace elements are knitted with those left the free ends of the main thread, and to connect the elements in the product at the attached element dissolve the outer part of the free end of the thread the edges of the pattern, and then the hook is reduced pattern of yarn raveled while getting involved attachable element pitch corresponding to the pitch of adjacent elements are already formed article.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that all the lace elements of the product are knitted the same and with an equal number of petals, a multiple of 6.