RU2111641C1 - General-purpose manual garden seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, manual equipment for sowing seeds of any crops with predetermined spacing and seeding depth. SUBSTANCE: seeder has replaceable seeding plates mounted for reciprocation by means of teeth of wheel with ground-engaging members through index pusher. Seeder is further provided with seeding plate drive and return spring. Replaceable seeding plates have openings, each sized and shaped to receive seed delivered from hopper and feed it into furrow through seed guide. Springy plates with adjustable lower ends provide reliable withdrawal of seeds from hopper and adequate orientation of seeds in space and relative to seeding plate openings. Flexible baffle is mounted on hopper and adapted for injure-free raking of excessive seeds from seeding plates. Seeding pitch may be adjusted by changing the number of working teeth, which may be retracted into wheel body. Seeding depth is altered by repositioning and fixing of shank on frame. EFFECT: increased efficiency, wider operational capabilities and enhanced reliability in operation. 3 cl, 4 dwg , 1 tbl

Description

A seeder is known that contains a frame with a hopper mounted on it, a sowing device with a wheel drive, a seed tube and a coulter with an obtuse angle of entry into the soil and mounted on the frame with the ability to move relative to it (SU, copyright certificate, 137707, class A 01 C 7 / 02, 1961)
The RUNOS seeder sows the seeds of all garden crops from parsley to radish and dill. She sows seeds with a given step regardless of speed and makes grooves to a given depth. With an additional installation on the bracket, a furrow is buried (it is not shown in the design diagram), it carries out the filling of seeds with soil.

 The prepared active sample sows the seed in increments of 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 300 mm to a depth of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mm. Other options are possible.

 When using seeds sorted by size, sowing is carried out strictly on one seed, regardless of the shape and size of the seeds. Unsorted seeds can be sown in one or two pieces. Convenient compound seed sorting has been developed. For separation into fractions with diameters of 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0 etc. mm 15-20 s required.

 To reconfigure the seeder from one type of seed to another type, changing the pitch or depth of sowing requires a short time. With a certain skill, these operations take from a dozen seconds to one minute, depending on the reconfiguration.

 The RUNOS seeder facilitates labor (it is not necessary to bend to the furrows of the bed), significantly reduces labor costs when sowing, saves seeds, does not require subsequent thinning of seedlings and creates optimal conditions for seed germination (predetermined sowing depth) and plant development (predetermined sowing step) .

 In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of the RUNOS seeder.

 The bracket of the wooden handle 2, the vertical frame 3 and the axle of the wheels 4 are attached to the horizontal frame 1. Wheels with lugs 5 have a variable number of working “teeth” 6, which actuate the sowing mechanism through a given step along the ground. To change the number of working "teeth" (seeding step), they are made in the form of pins, retractable into the body of the wheel. Therefore, the "teeth" 6 are the regulators of the step of sowing seeds. So that the pins are not lost, they are made of retractable, not removable.

 The seed hopper 7 is movably mounted on a vertical frame. Its raising and lowering is carried out by screw 8. Moving the hopper is required to place removable seed sowers 13 of different thicknesses under it, depending on the size of the seeds. Thus, the screw 8 together with the seed meter 13 is a regulator of seed size. Inside the hopper are two spring plates 9 with a width equal to the width of the hopper. The position of the lower ends of the plates inside the hopper is controlled by the seed position adjusters 10. This system orientates the position of the seeds in space and relative to the seed collector "b" of the seed meter (Fig. 2). Outside the hopper there is an elastic (rubber, kapron fishing line, pork bristle, etc.) seed reflector 11, which is attached with a clamp 12. It serves for an injured raking of seeds that have been unnecessarily caught in the seed collector.

 Seeds that have fallen into the holes — the seed collector from the hopper, holds the seed holder 14. It also acts as the holder of the seed meter and the seed tube 15 is attached to it / tube, better transparent /.

 Replaceable seed sowing machines (Fig. 2) are pivotally connected to the drive of the seed sowing machine 16 (Fig. 1). Seed sowers (Fig. 2) can be for one type of seed (25) and for several types of seeds (26). By thickness, they can be solid (non-liner) 28 and composite 25 and 26 with liners 27 (Fig. 2). The thickness of the entire seed meter d or the sum of the thicknesses a of the seed meter 25 or 26 and the thicknesses g of the insert 27 must be equal to the diameter of the seeds (see table). For free, non-injured raking of excess seeds, the seed box b (Fig. 2) has an output bevel (half countersink) c.

 The drive of the seed meter 16 (Fig. 1) moves in the holder 18. It performs reciprocating movements under the action of the spring 17 and the stepper pusher (shaped lever) 19, which is moved by the "teeth" of the wheels. Depending on the diameter of the wheels and the number of working "teeth", one movement of the seed sowing device corresponds to the seed sowing step specified on the ground. The stepper pusher 19 through the axis 20 and the bracket 21 is attached to the frames. The stepper pusher can be located anywhere in the vertical frame (bottom, side or top). However, so that the soil does not impede the operation of the stepper pusher and does not clog the holder of the drive of the seed meter, it is not advisable to place it below. In FIG. 1 it is located on the side.

 To reduce the dispersion of seeds along the seeding step, the seed tube 15 is used, which maximally approximates the sowing of seeds to the bottom of the groove, taking into account the vertical movement of the groove.

 The groove 24 serves to form seed grooves to a predetermined depth with simultaneous compaction of the soil of the bottom of the grooves. The seal of the bottom of the grooves is provided by an obtuse angle of entry of the groove into the soil. With deep grooves, it may be necessary to install (on the same bracket 22) a deepener (Fig. 4). With a dull entry angle, the groove does not stick on moist soil and does not become clogged with plant debris. The groove is mounted on the bracket 22 using a latch 23. The depth of the groove is controlled by moving the bracket 22 on the console of the vertical frame and secured with the same latch 23. For grooves up to 20 mm deep, a deepener is usually not required (/ depending on the soil).

 On the bracket grooves can be installed burrower grooves (Fig. 4). Structurally, it can be performed as a single unit with a deepener. During the initial work with the “RUNOS” seeder, it is not recommended to install a furrow burrower, because before the sowing and after the bed the bed remains “flat” and there is no psychologically certainty that the seeds were sown and laid in the furrows. It can be installed after there is confidence in the operation of the RUNOS seeder.

 In FIG. 3 shows the design of the groove.

 The table for some crops shows the shape and size of the seed collectors and the total thickness of the sowers with inserts. For all "round" seeds (radishes, black onions, etc.), a single sowing unit and various inserts are used. At the same time, the size of the sowing seed should correspond to the maximum diameter of the seeds (according to the table, 4.5 mm), and the diameters of the loose seeds of the loose leaves should correspond to the size of each seed culture or their variety (for example, radishes from 2.0 mm to 4.0 mm). Less than 2.0 mm radish seeds to sow is not advisable. Seed sowers are more complex in design than liners. The table shows that for various crops several types of liners are used, but only one type of seed sowing device.

Claims (3)

 1. A universal manual garden seeder containing a frame mounted on it with a seed hopper, a sowing mechanism driven by wheels, picking up seeds from the hopper and sowing them through the seed tube with a given step and a furrow with an obtuse angle of entry into the soil and mounted on the frame with the possibility vertical movement relative to it, characterized in that the sowing mechanism is made in the form installed under the hopper with the possibility of reciprocating motion of interchangeable flat sowers of various thicknesses and with different sizes of sperm-openings with an outlet bevel for seeds of any garden crops, and the hopper is mounted on the frame with the possibility of adjusting its height and has spring plates with a width equal to the width of the hopper with movable lower ends, adjustable by screws, and an elastic reflector of excess seeds from the seed collector, the seeder wheels have pins that can be retracted into the wheel body and interact with the sowing drive, made in the form of a stepper pusher.  2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seeder wheels have lugs.  3. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that a furrower and a burrower are installed on the furrow.

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