RU2103512C1 - Method and device for underground mining and extraction of noble metals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: this relates to mining and extraction of noble metals from placer deposits. Method implies selection of working site by means of determining dynamic characteristics of water stream and installation of head part of device on bottom of water stream, and installation of tail part of device on base of various height. Device has trough with its head part provided with pivotally secured receiving pan. Trough is of narrowing form. Trough bottom in length is bow-shaped. Integral rubber coating has flutes of various height and their upper and side surfaces are made with two bending planes which are parallel to each other. Bending of side surfaces at angle to central part of flutes is made in direction towards head part of trough and can be varied within 15-75 deg. Bending of upper surface is made at angle to base of flutes and can be varied within 5-45 deg. Tail part of device is installed on base of various height. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mining, in particular to the extraction and extraction of precious metals from placers.

 The known dragee method of mining placer deposits [1, p. 386-391].

 The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of preparing, opening, developing a field, eliminating the consequences of environmental damage, affecting the cost of the extracted useful component, as well as the tendency to increase the cost of complicating mining and processing equipment due to changes in the quality of deposits involved in the development, for example, low content, the predominance of a small hard to catch useful component, high clay deposits.

 Known underwater dredging method of extraction and enrichment, including the absorption of alluvial deposits containing a useful component, transportation to locks, enrichment and shooting of the concentrate [2, p. 145].

 The disadvantage of this method is the cost of developing alluvial deposits, transportation, surveying the concentrate as the floodgates fill with alluvial material, eliminating environmental damage.

 Closest to the invention is a method of extracting a useful component at the gateways using a natural water stream [2, p. 112], including the choice of location in a shallow watercourse, the installation of a lock and the dam device to increase the hydrodynamic force of the water flow passing through the lock, enrichment and survey of the concentrate.

 The disadvantage of this method is the ematrates for mining equipment, mining of rock containing a useful component, shooting the concentrate as the floodgates fill, eliminating the consequences of environmental damage.

 There are various designs of narrowing locks with a smooth bottom and discharge slots for continuous removal of concentrate [3, p. 245-268].

 The disadvantages of this equipment are the relative inefficiency of the separation process due to the low quality of the cut-off concentrate, the need for regular removal and storage of the resulting concentrate.

 Known gateway for mineral processing, including a chute with parallel sides, a smooth bottom, a ladder-type stencil with arcuate slats fixed on top to create additional turbulent zones [5].

 The disadvantages of this design of the airlock are the relatively fast compaction of the airlock deposited on the bottom, stencils and arched planks of alluvial material of various sizes, which increases the loss of the useful component due to demolition.

 Known gateway for enrichment, including a chute with parallel sides, a smooth bottom and installed on the bottom of the chute straps of varying heights, the upper edge of which is made in the form of a broken line with one inflection point [6].

 The disadvantages of this design of the airlock are the rapid compaction of the airlock deposited on the bottom and stencils of alluvial material, which increases the cost of more frequent surveys or increases the loss of useful component due to drift.

 The closest to the invention in terms of the design and the result achieved is a device for underwater mining with bottom enrichment of mineral deposits, including one (or several sequentially installed section slurry pipelines - grooves with flutes and slot holes), at the end of which there is an ejector receiving tip connected to pressure water pipeline using a manifold and pipe and a hopper with inclined side walls located at the bottom of the slurry pipeline [2] .

 The disadvantages of this device are the necessity of towing the unit along the bottom using towing cables, which complicates the tight physical contact of the receiving tip with these deposits, the possibility of clogging slotted holes, which significantly reduces the efficiency of work, as well as a significant environmental load on the environment.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of extraction and extraction of a useful component, for example, gold from alluvial material transported by a natural water stream by reducing the cost of preparation, opening, development of a deposit, eliminating environmental damage, as well as by creating additional turbulent zones and a hydrodynamic flow regime that prevents the formation of a dense bed of alluvial deposits and increasing the possibility of sedimentation of a useful component.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that in the underwater method for the extraction and extraction of precious metals, including the choice of location and the installation of one or a number of devices in the water stream, the location of the device is carried out in the channel of the water stream by determining the dynamic characteristics of the water stream, with the device having a head part at the bottom water flow, and the tail part - on a bed of variable height.

 The goal is also achieved by the fact that in the device for underwater mining and extraction of precious metals, including a tapering groove with flutes, a receiving tray and a bed, the head part of the gutter is equipped with a pivotally attached receiving tray, the tail part of the gutter is equipped with a visor, and the bottom of the tapering gutter is arcuate in length The one-piece rubber coating has variable-height riffles. In the device, the upper and side surfaces of the grooves are made with two kink planes parallel to each other, moreover, the kink of the side surfaces at an angle to the central part of the grooves is made in the direction of the head of the groove, and the kink of the upper surface is made at an angle and the base of the grooves. The tail of the device is mounted on a bed of variable height.

 In FIG. 1 shows in plan a water flow, dynamic characteristics and a number of installations; in FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 - design features of a one-piece coverage of locks, in FIG. 4 is a section BB in FIG. 3.

Water flow 1 with a certain mode, characterized at each point by the following dynamic characteristics: speed V, integrated speed V _cf , and hydrodynamic force F ₃ to the reference surface, in the most active zone, having parameter L, transports alluvial material 2 along the bottom of the channel containing useful component 3. One or more devices 4, oriented along the force vector F ₃ , overlap the active zone and pass through alluvial material 2, transported by the water stream 1, without creating conditions for the formation of a dense bed on a solid rubber coating 5 due to the design features of the device 4 and accumulating the useful component 3.

 A device 4 for extracting a useful component 3 from an alluvial material 2 transported by a natural water stream 1 includes a tapering groove 6 made along the length of an arcuate shape, on which an integral artificial rubber coating 5 is laid and fixed with variable-height grooves 7 located on top of each other a distance greater than the maximum size of the transported alluvial material 2, the upper surface 8 of which as well as the side surfaces 9, 10 are broken with two flats bones of the fracture 11 and 12 parallel to each other, and the fracture of the side surfaces 9 and 10 is made at an angle of 13 to the planes of the fracture 11 and 12 in the direction of the wider head part 14 of the tapering groove 6 and the fracture of the upper surface is made at an angle of 15 to the base of the flutes 7. At the base of the wider head 14 of the chute 6, a wedge-shaped receiving tray 16 is pivotally attached to ensure tight contact with the channel bottom and to prevent the passage of alluvial material 2 with valuable component 3 by deepening the tray 16 into the bottom sediments and natural bumps. The tail narrowed part 17 of the chute 6 is provided with a visor 18 with triangular lateral sides to reduce the living cross-section of the water stream 1 passing through the device 4 and is mounted on a bed 19 of variable height.

 The method is as follows.

где V_ср - динамическая скорость потока, м/с;
g - ускорение силы тяжести в пункте измерения, м/с²;
R - гидравлический радиус, м;
i - гидравлический уклон, %.Initially, the regime and dynamic characteristics of water flow 1 are distributed at different points: speed, hydrodynamic force F ₃ on the reference surface and integrated speed, which, in accordance with the scheme of L. Prandl [4, p. 106] can be determined empirically and is expressed by the equation

where V _cf - dynamic flow rate, m / s;
g is the acceleration of gravity at the point of measurement, m / s ² ;
R is the hydraulic radius, m;
i - hydraulic slope,%.

The magnitude of the dynamic velocity and the magnitude of the hydrodynamic force component depending on it on the reference surface F ₃ , with which the water flow 1 acts on a separate particle of alluvial material 2 and which depends not only on the shape and orientation of the particle, but also on the fact that the particles and the medium in which it is located, they move and the speed of water stream 1 is a function of the depth of the stream, it can be determined experimentally by determining the time t and the distance S covered by the reference sample under the influence of water stream 1 by onnoy plane. Other unknown quantities are determined from the equation of motion, using Newton’s second law [3, p. 97-98]. Since the values of V and F _{3 are} not constant in time due to the variability of a number of climatic factors and geological features, it is necessary to focus on some average value. After choosing the place that most suits the required conditions, one or more devices 4 are installed with a wider head part 14 of the tapering trough 6 towards the water flow 1, and a tail narrowed part 17 on the bed 19 of adjustable height with the wedge-shaped receiving tray 16 deepened into the bottom deposits or natural unevenness, laying and fastening on the bottom of the tapering trough 6 of a solid rubber coating 5. An additional flow turbulence will create nical force F ₃ aqueous stream directed at an angle to the surface of solid rubber cover 5 due to the longitudinal curvature of the bottom of the convergent trough 6, the installation of the tail portion 17 of the tapered troughs 6 on a frame 19 of adjustable height and polygonal form riffles, the upper surface 8 which, as well as the side surfaces 9 and 10 are broken with two kink planes 11 and 12 parallel to each other, and the kink of the side surfaces 9 and 10 is made at an angle of 13 to the kink planes 11 and 12 in the direction of the wider head 14 of the tapering trough 6, and a kink of the upper surface is made at an angle of 15 to the base of the flutes 7. A significant distance between the flutes 7 will prevent the formation of a dense bed of alluvial material 2. The visor 18, which is equipped with the tail portion 17 of the tapering chute 6, with triangular sides and form tapered chute 6 is reduced within a living aqueous stream 1 and will help to increase the hydrodynamic force component F ₃ in the rear portion 17 of the device 4 and removal of alluvial material 2 containing no useful comp Nent 3. The survey of useful component 3 is carried out by removing and replacing the whole coating 5 with corrugations 7, depending on the intensity of the process of transfer and deposition of useful component 3. In the case of freezing of the water stream 1 to the bottom in winter, the whole rubber coating 5 must be removed and dried to prevent premature wear due to cryogenic factors.

 This method of extraction and extraction can be used on any river systems and streams that are involved in the transfer of alluvial material containing a useful component.

 The use of this production method will reduce the total production costs by reducing them to the costs of conducting hydrodynamic research, the production of one or more devices, transportation costs and installation of equipment.

 The use of an underwater mining method eliminates the need for continuous initial maintenance.

 This method does not cause any environmental damage. The effectiveness of this method depends on the intensity of denudation of the primary sources of placer deposits, therefore, it is necessary to carry out various measures that contribute to an increase in this intensity. In the case of high-water floods, in order to avoid losses of the deposited useful component, it is necessary to conduct a survey in advance and install control devices downstream, choosing a location with lower dynamic characteristics of the water flow. Extraction of precious metals at an early stage of placer formation will prevent its further grinding and reduce the discharge of watercourses to other river systems.

Literature
1. Leshkov VG Development of placer deposits. M .: Nedra, 1985.

 2. Dave Molracken Gold Miningit the 1980. Northnidge, 1985, p. 260.

 3. Bert R. O. Technology of gravity enrichment. M .: Nedra, 1990.

 4. Shilo N. A. Fundamentals of the doctrine of placers. M .: Nauka, 1985, 400 p.

 5. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1440545, cl. E 03 B 5/70, 1986.

 6. USSR author's certificate N 1051769, cl. B 03 B 5/70, 1982.

 7. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 420783, cl. E 21 C 50/00, 1974, prototype.

Claims (3)

 1. Underwater method of mining and extraction of precious metals, including the selection of the location and installation of one or a number of devices in the water stream, characterized in that they determine the mode and dynamic characteristics of the water stream, install one or more devices in the place corresponding to the specified characteristics, the head part at the bottom of the water stream, and the tail on the bed, adjustable in height.  2. A device for underwater mining and extraction of precious metals, including a chute with flutes on the inner surface, a receiving device, a tail part and a bed, characterized in that the tail part of the chute is provided with a visor, the receiving device is made in the form of a wedge-shaped tray pivotally connected to the chute, having a tapering shape, while the bottom of the gutter is arcuate in length, and the whole rubber coating has corrugations of variable height, the upper and side surfaces of which are made with two planes one parallel to the other, and the kink of the side surfaces at an angle to the central part of the grooves is made in the direction of the head of the groove, and the kink of the upper surface is made at an angle to the base of the grooves, the tail of the device is mounted on a bed, height-adjustable. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the fracture of the side surfaces to the Central part of the grooves can be made at an angle of 15 75 ^o , and the fracture of the upper surface to the base of the grooves can be made at an angle of 5 - 45 ^o .

Images