RU2101622C1 - Heating boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering; sectional boilers. SUBSTANCE: cavity in each plate-like section 1, 2, 3 around which heat-transfer agent passes is formed by tube 6 of tube system (6') cast in light-metal housing; joints 4 and 5 for straight and return lines project from each light-metal housing. Joints 4 and 5 are connected to straight and return headers (4', 5') located on unit B. At least one intermediate section 3 and both end sections (1, 2) are provided with circular edge connecting fins 8 whose ends are made in form of gas-sealing surfaces (8'). Intermediate section 3 has hole (10') forming furnace 10. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 11 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a heating boiler for burning liquid or gaseous fuels, which consists of at least one intermediate section located between two washable end sections and also washed by a heat transfer agent, all sections being made of metal casting and assembled with mutual sealing into one unit forming the boiler body, which is equipped with connections for the direct and return lines, and also contains a firebox, flue gas ducts and a collection chamber for exhaust gases with an exhaust pipe .

 Such heating boilers, also called sectional heating boilers, are known. Sections of such heating boilers consist, as a rule, of hollow bodies made of gray cast iron and require the use of appropriate rods for their molding, which, not to mention the problems of destroying the molding earth for them, is associated with significant energy costs.

 In addition, in order to assemble the sections into one unit of the boiler body, they must be interconnected by nipples. In order to protect the sections on the flue gas side from generating acid condensate and make them resistant, the sections made of gray cast iron must be provided with suitable resistant coatings on the side of the flue gases, which, however, is problematic, since this can be done in practice only then when it is possible to make a closed coating, forming a long lasting strong connection with gray cast iron.

 In addition to the manufacture of such heating boilers or heat exchangers from gray cast iron, according to the application of Germany N 3622260, it is known to manufacture such heating boilers from aluminum alloys by injection molding, which is much more economical, and also has the advantage of a more favorable heat transfer.

 The principle of the well-known sectional design of gray iron cast-iron boilers has not changed, and it is necessary to weld in a circle the sections forming the injection-molded shells so that from these both shells a hollow body is formed, which then should be connected with nipples with the corresponding hollow bodies and assembled into boiler.

 Compared to gray cast iron, light metal, such as aluminum, or light metal alloys, such as aluminum alloys, have the advantage that they are resistant to condensate of desulfurized natural gas, but not to heating system water as a heat carrier, which is usually the main which sooner or later always leads to erosion on the water side of such light metal boilers.

 In addition, high demands must be placed on light metal casting, since the finished casting or light metal sections must not have pores, i.e. to light metal, high demands must be made, and, for example, light metal or aluminum scrap that does not meet these requirements cannot be used.

 In accordance with this, and based on the heating boiler in accordance with the restrictive part, the purpose of the invention is the creation of a heating boiler, which is both corrosion-resistant on the side of the flue gases and on the water side and for which it does not matter, porous or not, cast light metal housing and if so, to what extent, in combination with the fact that the casting can be cast without a rod and that the boiler, although formed from sections, does not require connecting them to each other with nipples.

 The goal is achieved by means of a heating boiler of the aforementioned type in that in each plate-shaped section the cavity washed by the coolant is formed by a pipe or pipe system filled into the light metal case, the connections for the direct and return lines of which protrude from each light metal case and are connected to the forward and reverse located on the outside of the block collectors, with at least one intermediate section provided with an opening forming the furnace, on both sides, and both end sections to the side when the joints of the intermediate section are provided with circumferential edge connecting ribs, the ends of which are made in the form of gas-tight surfaces.

 The flooded pipe passing in the form of a meander through the light-metal casing, or the preferred pipe system, which is explained in more detail below, is a steel pipe commonly used in boiler construction, which, with good heat transfer, provides moisture resistance, is quite resistant to corrosion on the water side and thus creates the prerequisite for the use of also low-quality light metal, however, on the side of the flue gases it is not resistant to condensate.

 In order to satisfy the requirements for rodless forming of sections, the connections for the forward and reverse lines are not made in the form of channels in the section forming light-metal cases, and the ends of the pipe or pipe system simply protrude laterally from the sections and are connected to external direct and reverse collectors.

 To obtain a furnace, the intermediate sections have corresponding recesses or openings, which then, when assembling several separate sections, form a furnace. The end sections have corresponding openings on the one hand, and on the other hand an accession for extracting flue gases. Also, these recesses and holes do not require the use of rods during casting.

 In order to fill the pipe or pipe system on all sides with light metal during coreless casting, the pipe or pipe system is also provided with the required number of spacers made of light metal, by means of which the pipe or pipe system is inserted into the injection mold.

 The expansion coefficient of aluminum or light metal alloys is known to be higher than that of iron. Therefore, it is of great importance that the boiler is designed so that the filled pipes or pipe systems expand like aluminum in order to avoid excessive loading of the pipe system by tensile stresses and rupture, for example, welds of the pipe system.

 For this purpose, grooves are preferably carried out in the pipes at certain intervals, which should, however, not be very deep (for example, in accordance only with the thickness of the pipe material), but relatively wide. When pouring pipes, liquid aluminum fills these grooves so that the light metal casing cannot expand outside the pipe system when expanding due to adhesion with the grooves. With a large number of grooves rolled in the pipes, the change in length in the grooves is minimal.

 As for the circumferential edge connecting ribs, they pass, of course, only where a short circuit or seal to the outside is required. These circumferential edge connecting ribs are designed in height so that the enlargement of the transmission surfaces ends below the plane in which the upper edge of the ribs passes.

 The heating boiler according to the invention is provided, however, in particular for operation with an atmospheric burner, but nothing prevents it from being operated with a blast burner as well.

 In FIG. 1 shows the intermediate section of the boiler when viewed from the side; in FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the intermediate section along line II-II in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 - the intermediate section of the boiler when viewed from the side with a slightly modified form of the pipe system; in FIG. 4 in the context of a special form of execution of pipes forming a system of pipes; in FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the intermediate section along line IV-IV in FIG. 3; in FIG. 6 is a side view of a boiler assembled from sections of FIG. 1 and 3; in FIG. 7 the intermediate section of the boiler when viewed from the side with a pipe made in the form of a meander; in FIG. 8 is a side view of another embodiment of a heating boiler; in FIG. 9 in perspective and schematically a special form of execution of a heating boiler; in FIG. 10 in the context of the execution of individual sections related to the form of execution in FIG. 9; in FIG. 11 intermediate sections provided with bypass channels; in FIG. 12 - intermediate sections related to the embodiment of FIG. eight.

 The heating boiler consists of at least one intermediate section 3, located between the two end sections washed by 1.2 and also washed by the heat transfer agent, all sections being made of metal casting and assembled with mutual sealing in one unit B, which forms the boiler body, which is equipped with connections 4,5 for direct and return lines, and also contains a furnace 10 and a gas duct 9.

 For such a heating boiler formed from several sections 1-3, it is important that they are made of light metal formed by a rodless method and in each section 1-3 the washable cavity is formed by a pipe 6 or a 6 'pipe system filled into the light metal casing, connecting 4,5 for straight and return lines which protrude from each light metal housing and are connected to the direct and reverse collectors 4 ', 5'.

 At least one intermediate section 3 on both sides, and both end sections 1,2 towards the connecting side S of the intermediate section, are provided on their large lateral surfaces F with magnifications 7 of the heat transfer surfaces at least in the area of the duct section AS and circumferential connecting edges 8.

 In FIG. 1, the intermediate section 3 is shown in side view and with a system of pipes 6 ', and the individual pipes of the pipe system are shaded for clarity, but are partially highlighted by cross-hatching. The intermediate section of FIG. 3.5 differs from the intermediate section in FIG. 1 in that the pipe system 6 ′, also partially highlighted by cross-hatching, has a different arrangement of individual pipes.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the pipe 6, which is in the form of a meander, is filled in the intermediate section 3.

 All forms of execution in FIG. 1,3,7 are intended for heating boilers with an atmospheric burner (not shown), and the illustrated intermediate sections 3 have openings 10 'corresponding to the desired section of the furnace 10. Since the flue gases flow upward through the duct section AS, the peripheral edge connecting ribs 8 are open upwards (Fig. 3), and then over the entire block B (Fig. 6) is a collection chamber 12 for exhaust gases with a hood 9.

 The individual pipes forming in FIG. 1,3 cross-hatched system 6 'of pipes, it is advisable to be deformed in the cross section in the form of an oval (Fig. 4), and their wide sides BS are oriented towards the lateral surfaces F of sections 1-3 in a light-metal casing in order to "put in the way" thermal loads as large a heat transfer area as possible.

 Further, the pipes 6 '' for the pipe system are provided with grooves 11 located at a certain distance from each other, which, however, are recessed towards the water only, for example, by the wall thickness, which is sufficient to reliably interconnect various components of the material during thermal expansion .

 This is due to the fact that the liquid light metal during casting fills, of course, also grooves 11 from the outside. Owing to this coupling, the light metal casing and the pipe system embedded in it substantially uniformly expand together under thermal load. Such various thermal expansions are only hundredths of a millimeter, and these joints are intended to protect the welds of the pipe system from tensile stresses, which otherwise could lead to ruptures of the welds in the pipe system.

 Increases 7 of the heat transfer surfaces, depicted in the form of studs 7 ', automatically occur when the injection mold (chill mold) is properly executed, like the ribs 11 for collecting and draining the condensate, which provide lateral drainage of the condensate formed so that it cannot drip onto the burner ( not shown).

 Pipes 6 and 6 ″ of the flooded pipe system 6 ’, if this is not so about vertically oriented pipe segments (Fig. 1), are arranged to rise on one or the other side of the SS so that steam bubbles formed in the case can drain off .

As can be seen from FIG. 5, taking into account the high temperature load, the spikes 7 'in this section in the leakage zone A above the furnace 10 are made decreasing downward as compared with the spikes in the subsequent zone F _{1 of the} duct section AS.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 8 sections 1-3 are shown inverted, so that the furnace 10, then intended for a blow burner (not shown), is in the block at the top, i.e. The gas removal takes place here down to the collection chamber 12. The envelope ribs 8 also extend in the upper horizontal transverse zone and are respectively thick (Fig. 12) so that, if necessary, several groups of pipes can be poured next to each other and sufficiently removed the amount of heat transferred there.

 The same applies to the particular embodiment of FIG. 9, in which the furnace 10 for the blast burner is located mainly horizontally, and to the end of the furnace 10 there is a vertically oriented exhaust section AS. The furnace 10 extends across the entire upper part, and the exhaust section AS is located in the downward elbow 16 of the generally rectangular block B.

 The combustion chamber or furnace 10 may have, as shown in FIG. 9 with a dashed line, at the end remote from the burner, with the corresponding design of sections 1-3, also an arcuate shape. The sections related to this embodiment are shown in detail in FIG. 10A-D. In FIG. 10A shows both end sections 1 ′, 2 ′, and in FIG. 10B are intermediate sections 3 ′ with respectively flooded pipe systems, with FIG. 10C is a sectional view taken along line I-I in FIG. 10B.

 The intermediate section of FIG. 10D differs from the intermediate section in FIG. 10B in that there is a lockable bypass channel 13. Otherwise, in these embodiments, the same reference numerals refer to the corresponding elements, so that these sections do not require further explanation.

 Since the individual sections are made by injection molding, at least one of them can be equipped without problems with a lockable bypass channel 13 formed by a flooded pipe made of a material resistant to condensate. An open bypass channel 13 then provides a corresponding increase in the temperature of the exhaust gases (Fig. 11), in case the heating boiler should not be operated as a boiler with calorific value. These vertical ducts parallel to the ducts are necessary so that uncooled flue gases can flow through these ducts into the collection chamber to raise the temperature of the exhaust gases.

 In the form of sections 1-3 in FIG. 1,3 and 7, designed for atmospheric burners, because block B (Fig. 7) is supplied downstream of the bath 14 for trapping condensate.

 In order for individual sections 1-3 to be assembled in a gas-tight block B with the sealing mass placed on the sealing surfaces 8 'of the circumferential connecting ribs 8, the latter, if not provided respectively with long coupling anchors between the end sections 1,2, are equipped with suitable and screwed coupling eyes 15, shown only in the intermediate section of FIG. 3. On gas sealing surfaces 8 'at the ends of the circumferential edge ribs 8, grooves 8' 'are cut to better accommodate suitable sealing means between sections 1-3.

 Regarding the end sections 1.2 for assembling the blocks of heating boilers with intermediate sections in FIG. 1,3,7,8 and 12A, B, then the end section 1 on the side of the burner has an opening 10 ″ smaller than the opening 10 ’of the intermediate sections 3, as shown in FIG. 3 by a dot-dash line, and the other end section 2 does not have such an opening, since it forms the rear wall 2 '' of the combustion chamber or furnace.

 Since this rear wall 2 ″ is subjected to severe heat stress, the water supply pipe system is also located there in the region of the rear wall 2 ″, namely, or similarly to the end sections 1 ′, 2 ′ in FIG. 10A, which with respect to the entire block B in FIG. 9 form there the side of block B.

Claims (11)

 1. A heating boiler for burning liquid or gaseous fuels, consisting of at least one intermediate section located between two washable end sections and also washed by a heat transfer agent, all sections being made of metal casting and assembled with mutual sealing into one unit forming the boiler body , which is equipped with connections for the direct and return lines, and also contains a furnace, gas ducts for flue gases and a collection chamber for exhaust gases with an exhaust pipe, and in the block at least e the heat transfer surfaces behind the furnace are made with increases, characterized in that in each plate-shaped section the cavity washed by the coolant is formed by a pipe or pipe system filled into the light metal body, the connections for the direct and return lines of which protrude from each light metal body and are connected to the straight line located on the outside of the block and reverse collectors, wherein at least one intermediate section is provided with an opening forming a firebox on both sides, and both end sections are sideways the connections of the intermediate section are provided with circumferential edge connecting ribs, the ends of which are made in the form of gas-tight surfaces.  2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one intermediate section is formed when viewed from the side with a plate-shaped body, basically the upper half of which forms a connected heat exchange surface, and a hole forming the firebox is located in its lower half.  3. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one intermediate section is formed when viewed from the side with a stove-shaped body, basically the lower half of which forms a connected heat exchange surface, and a hole forming the firebox is located in its upper half.  4. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one intermediate section and both end sections are formed, when viewed from the side, in generally rectangular cases, the connected heat exchange surfaces are located in the downward elbow of the cases, and the furnace is located in the upper part of the intermediate section and between both end sections.  5. The boiler according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pipe or pipes forming the pipe system are oval in cross section and are oriented with their broad sides to the side surfaces of the sections in a light metal casing.  6. The boiler according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pipe or pipes forming the pipe system are provided with grooves spaced apart from each other.  7. The boiler according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the increase in heat transfer surfaces, such as spikes, ribs, etc. made in the leakage zone lower than in the subsequent zone of the duct section.  8. The boiler according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the light-metal case of the sections is equipped on its lateral surfaces loaded with flue gases with ribs for collecting and draining condensate, oriented with an inclination to one or the other narrow side of the sections.  9. The boiler according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the intermediate sections are equipped with lockable bypass channels.  10. The boiler according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at the location of the gas duct section behind and / or under the furnace, at least the circumferential edge connecting ribs limiting the furnace upwards are reinforced and water pipes are filled in them.  11. The boiler according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the circumferential edge connecting ribs are made slightly higher than the increase in heat transfer surfaces.

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