RU210014U1 - Biological Material Processing Extruder - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of pressure treatment of materials and can be used in the processing of biological materials to obtain high-quality products. The device includes a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, an auger made of prefabricated, in the feed zone the auger is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone the auger is made in the form of a barrier section and a decompression section arranged in series, and in in the dosing zone, the auger is made of two sequentially located conical and mixing sections with a single-stage protrusion with a semicircular cavity on the side surface of the screw in the mixing section, the protrusion has a height and width equal to the height of the coil crest, the cavity has a diameter equal to half the height of the coil crest. The technical result consists in increasing the homogeneity of mixing large and small fractions of the material, while improving the promotion of the biological mixture, and also eliminating the possibility of creating stagnant zones of materials, which improves product quality. 2 ill.

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of material pressure treatment and can be used in the processing of biological materials to obtain high-quality products.

Known extruder for processing thermoplastics (patent UA No. 5779, publ. 15.03.2005, Bull. No. 3), selected as a prototype. The extruder contains a housing, a gripper, a screw, a feed zone, a compression zone, which consists of a barrier section and a decompression section, a dosing zone made of successive conical and cylindrical sections.

The disadvantage of the known design is that in the case of processing biological materials consisting of secondary, primary biological raw materials, fillers, dyes and other components necessary for biological materials (biological mixture), a set of expensive equipment is required for preliminary preparation of the feedstock (mixers, presses, plasticizers, granulators). The use of directly unprepared preliminary raw materials for a known design does not give good quality of the resulting secondary products due to insufficient mixing capabilities of the design.

The objective of the technical solution is to improve the extruder due to the new design of the screw in the dosing zone, by increasing the uniformity of mixing large and small fractions of the material, while improving the promotion of the biological mixture, and also eliminating the possibility of creating stagnant zones of materials, which improves product quality.

The essence of the technical solution: an extruder for the processing of biological materials, including a housing consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, a prefabricated screw, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone the screw is made in the form of a series located barrier section and decompression section, and in the dosing zone the screw is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections with a single-stage protrusion with a semicircular cavity on the side surface of the screw in the mixing section, the protrusion has a height and width equal to the height of the coil crest, the cavity has a diameter, equal to the polyvin of the height of the crest of the coil. With a smaller height and width of a single-stage protrusion, uniform mixing of large fractions of biological materials is not ensured, and with a larger height and width of a single-stage protrusion, uniform mixing of fine fractions of the material is not ensured, and it is also possible to create stagnant zones of the material, which can lead to its destruction. At the transition from the barrier section 7, which provides an increase in pressure, and the decompression section 8, a decrease in pressure occurs, which contributes to the effective removal of volatile compounds. The use of a single-stage protrusion with a semicircular cavity on the side surface of the screw ensures high-quality mixing of the biological mixture by creating an additional pressure difference between the protrusion and the housing. With a smaller diameter of the semicircular cavity on the ledge, uniform mixing of the biological material is not ensured, and with a larger diameter on the side surface of the screw, critical velocities and shear deformations of the material can be created, which can lead to its destruction.

Common features with the prototype are:

housing, consisting of a feeding zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone,

gripper,

prefabricated screw,

in the feed zone, the screw is made in the form of a conical section,

in the compression zone, the screw is made in the form of a barrier section and a decompression section arranged in series.

The distinguishing features of the device are

in the dosing zone, the auger is made of two consecutive conical and mixing sections with a single-stage protrusion with a semicircular cavity on the auger side surface,

the protrusion has a height and width equal to the height of the crest of the coil,

the cavity has a diameter equal to the polyvin of the height of the crest of the coil.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of biological mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, pressing, mixing, granulating) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and co-extrusion.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device.

In FIG. 2 shows the mixing section of the dosing zone with a single-stage ledge with a semicircular cavity on the side surface of the screw.

The extruder for the processing of biological materials (Fig. 1) contains a body 1, a gripper 2, a screw 3, made in the form of a prefabricated structure. The housing consists of a feed zone 4, a compression zone 5, a dosing zone 6. In the feed zone 4, the screw is made in the form of a conical section. In the compression zone 5, the screw consists of a barrier section 7 and a decompression section 8. In the dosing zone 6, the screw is made of two conical 9 and mixing 10 sections in series with a single-stage protrusion with a semicircular cavity on the side surface of the screw. On (Fig. 2) shows the mixing section 10 with a single-stage protrusion 11 on the side surface of the screw, placed at an angle of 90° to the coil 13 on the surface of the screw 3 containing a semicircular cavity 12, while the mixture of biological materials passes from the inlet channel with low shear deformations 14 between the body and the inner part of the ledge 11 in the direction of rotation of the screw, into the outlet channel with high shear deformations 15 between the body and the outer part of the ledge 11 in the direction of rotation of the screw, through the gap between the highest part of the ledge 11 and the body 16. The hole 17 is made in the section decompression 8 compression zone 5 to remove volatile compounds that are contained in biological materials.

The extruder for processing biological materials works as follows.

Various biological materials are fed by separate dispensers into the gripper 2, are captured by the screw 3, which rotates in the housing 1, are transported in solid form, mixed and compacted in the feeding zone 4, then pressure is created in the compression zone 5 and in the barrier section 7, and the movement biological mixture in the cylindrical section 8 of the zone and compression 5, the conical section 9 of the dosing zone 6 determine the magnitude and stability of the pressure and productivity that the extruder develops, the mixing section 10 of the dosing zone 6 with a single-stage protrusion with a semicircular cavity on the side surface of the screw ensures uniform mixing of the components.

An example of the execution of the dimensions of the crest of a coil and a single-stage ledge with a semicircular cavity. When the height of the crest of the screw coil in the feeding zone is 6 mm, the single-stage protrusion has a height and width of 6 mm, the semicircular cavity on the protrusion has a diameter of 3 mm. The structural dimensions of the auger will be measured with a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm.

Device Implementation Example.

In the process of processing biological mixtures based on the extrusion extrusion method, the use of a single-stage protrusion with a semicircular cavity on the side surface of the screw in the design of the extruder ensures high-quality mixing of biological material by increasing shear deformations, as well as creating an additional pressure difference between the single-stage protrusion and the body. This design provides a 50% increase in the homogeneity of mixing of large fractions of the material and an increase of 10% in the homogeneity of mixing of fine fractions of the material in relation to the known ones, thereby improving the promotion of the biological mixture by 3.5 times, and also eliminates the possibility of creating stagnant zones of materials, which leads to a deterioration in product quality by 3 times.

The use of the claimed extruder in the processing of biological mixtures allows you to combine preparatory operations (filling, mixing, granulating, pressing) and the operation of obtaining new high-quality products by extrusion and co-extrusion.

Claims (1)

An extruder for the processing of biological materials, including a body consisting of a feed zone, a compression zone, a dosing zone, a gripping device, a prefabricated screw, in the feed zone the screw is made in the form of a conical section, in the compression zone the screw is made of two successively located barrier sections and decompression section, characterized in that the screw in the dosing zone is made of two successively located conical and mixing sections with a single-stage protrusion with a semicircular cavity on the side surface of the screw, the protrusion has a height and width equal to the height of the coil crest, the cavity has a diameter equal to half the height of the crest coil, and forms an input channel with low shear deformations between its inner surface and the body, an output channel with high shear deformations between its outer surface and the body.

Images