RU2197030C2 - Gyroscope - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: microwave oscillators; generators feeding resonance-tuned charged-particle accelerators. SUBSTANCE: gyroscope that has electron gun, accelerating tube with its power supply, electron- beam circular sweep device with microwave master oscillator feeding electron-beam circular sweep device, drift tube, annular resonator with annular slit abutting against drift tube, and electron collector all arranged in tandem is provided with additional electrode installed inside annular resonator and connected to additional voltage supply that functions to build up electrical potential φ relative to annular resonator walls across this electrode which satisfies condition φ<-W/e, where W is electron energy at accelerating tube exit; e is electron charge. Said gyroscope depends for its operation on using additional electrode to build up electrostatic decelerating field in annular resonator, its magnitude being sufficient to stop electrons entering the resonator which are then reflected back to their entrance point. Electron stop and turn point referred to as virtual cathode is characterized in hydrodynamic approximation (j = enν = const) by infinite electron concentration (actually higher than concentration in accelerated beam by two or three orders of magnitude). In this way virtual cathode runs in annular resonator of this gyroscope over circular path and excites microwaves in this resonator. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to techniques for microwave generators and can be used in the development of power sources for resonant charged particle accelerators.

 Known microwave generators - gyrocons, containing a series-installed device for forming an electron beam - an electron gun, an acceleration device - an accelerator tube with an accelerator tube power source, a device for creating a circular scan of an electron beam with a master microwave generator feeding a device for creating a circular scan electron beam, drift tube, ring resonator with an annular gap adjacent to the drift tube, and an electron collector (Budker G.I., Karliner M.M., Makarov I.G. et al., "gyrocon - high relativistic energy converter powerful beam of microwave power charged particle accelerators", Atomic Energy, 1978, T-44, 5, p 397)... Additionally, gyrocons may contain electrostatic deflecting systems installed in the drift tube, as well as magnets mounted near the ring resonator.

 Closest to the claimed is the gyrocon described in (Budker G.I. "Electronic device microwave microwave gyrocon", A. S. USSR, 340345, H 01 J 25/00, 06/24/69, publ. BI 29, 1976) and also containing a sequentially mounted electron gun, an accelerator tube with an accelerator tube power source, a device for creating a circular scan of an electron beam with a master microwave generator feeding a device for creating a circular scan of an electron beam, a drift tube, a ring resonator with an annular gap adjacent to the drift tube , and collector ktronov. This gyrocon is selected for the prototype.

 The principle of operation of known gyrocons is based on the passage of an accelerated electron beam through a device for creating a circular scan, powered by an external microwave generator, so that the deflected electrons move along the straight lines forming a conical surface, located on it in the form of a helix that is wound around the cone and the end which describes a circle coinciding with the annular gap of the resonator. Thus, the electron beam, continuously changing its entry point into the ring resonator, excites a traveling wave in it. In this case, the electric field of the wave slows down the electrons of the beam, converting their kinetic energy into wave energy. The residual electron energy is dissipated in the collector.

 A disadvantage of the known gyrocons is their insufficient efficiency.

 The technical task is to increase the conversion efficiency of the kinetic energy of electrons into wave energy in a gyrocon.

 The technical result, which consists in increasing the efficiency of the gyrocon, is achieved due to the fact that in a gyrocon containing a sequentially mounted electron gun, an accelerator tube with an accelerator tube power supply, a device for creating a circular scan of an electron beam with a master microwave generator feeding a device for creating a circular electron beam sweep, drift tube, ring resonator with an annular gap adjacent to the drift tube, and electron collector, an additional electrode is used, copulating within the annular cavity and is connected to a further supply voltage on this electrode creates electric potential relative to the annular cavity walls φ, which satisfies the condition φ <-W / e, where W - energy electrons at the outlet of the accelerating tube, - | e | is the charge of an electron.

 The principle of operation of the proposed gyrocon is based on the fact that the additional electrode creates an electrostatic braking field in the ring resonator of such a magnitude that the electrons entering the resonator stop and reflect back to their entrance. The electron stopping and reversal point, called the virtual cathode (VC), is characterized in the hydrodynamic approximation (j = enν = const) by an infinite electron concentration (in reality, it is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the electron concentration in the accelerated beam). Thus, in this gyrocone, a VC runs in a circular resonator along a circular path and excites a microwave wave in it. The increase in efficiency compared with the prototype is due to the fact that the electron density in the beam is several orders of magnitude higher than the electron density in the known gyrocone.

 The drawing shows an example of gyrocon design, where 1 is an electron gun, 2 is an accelerator tube power source, 3 is a microwave master oscillator, a device for creating a circular scan of an electron beam, 4 is an additional voltage source, 5 is an accelerator tube, 6 are deflecting plates of the device for creating a circular sweep of the electron beam, 7 — supply feeders, 8 — drift tube, 9 — electrostatic deflecting system, 10 — microwave output path, 11 — ring resonator, 12 — additional electrode, 13 — magnetic magnetic circuit one 14 - the solenoid magnet.

 All elements of the gyrocon, which are also available in well-known gyrocons, namely, an electron gun 1, a power source for the accelerator tube 2, a microwave generator 3, a power supply device for creating a circular scan of the electron beam, an accelerator tube 5, deflecting plates of the device for creating a circular scan electron beam 6, feed feeders 7, drift tube 8, electrostatic deflecting system 9, microwave output path 9, magnetic circuit 13, magnet solenoid 14, can be made completely similar, that is, Mark the same dimensions, construction, materials and physical parameters.

 In the ring resonator 10 there is an isolated sealed input for supplying a negative potential to the additional electrode 11. This additional electrode can be made, for example, in the form of a thin ring metal disk. An additional voltage source 4 can be made in the form of a pulse voltage generator of the Arkadyev-Marx type. The potential value supplied by the voltage source 4 to the additional electrode 11 must satisfy the condition φ <-W / e, which is easily achieved by adjusting the potential value.

 Since the beam electrons reflected from the VC move along slightly different trajectories than those approaching the VC, the role of the electron collector can be played by the wall of the ring resonator 10, in which there is an annular gap. For this, this wall can be made massive.

 According to the principle of operation, the proposed generator is almost no different from the known ones: the beam dynamics in it before entering the ring resonator 10 are completely similar. However, after entering the resonator 10, the electrons, having fallen into the braking field of the additional electrode 11, stop and fly backwards, thus forming a VC. After that, the electrons hit the wall of the resonator 10, where they are absorbed.

 Thus, the VC runs along the ring resonator 10, exciting a microwave wave in it, which is output through the microwave output path 9. The high electron density in the VC allows one to achieve the indicated technical result.

Claims (1)

 A gyrocon containing a sequentially mounted electron gun, an accelerator tube with an accelerator tube power supply, a device for creating a circular scan of an electron beam with a master microwave generator feeding a device for creating a circular scan of an electron beam, a drift tube, a ring resonator with an annular gap adjacent to the tube drift, and an electron collector, characterized in that it uses an additional electrode mounted inside the ring resonator and connected to an additional voltage source creating an electric potential on this electrode relative to the walls of the ring resonator φ, satisfying the condition φ <-W / e, where W is the electron energy at the exit of the accelerator tube, - | e | is the charge of an electron.