RU2186383C2 - Specimen for ultrasonic test ( alternatives ) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ultrasonic inspection, certification of equipment designed for ultrasonic testing. SUBSTANCE: enhanced authenticity of results of certification of equipment is achieved thanks to fabrication of specimen for ultrasonic test in the form of body from tested material which has at least one space where artificial defect is located, the rest of space being welded up. Artificial defect comes in the form of defect-forming member whose one surface has recess and by this surface defect-forming member is joined permanently to one of planes of space of body. Size and geometrical form of recess are identical to real defect and defect-forming member is made of tested material. Defect-forming member can have form of strap or semi-washer. Fixing recess is made to fix defect-forming member on plane of space of body. Artificial defect is made in the form of defect-forming member comprising two straps joined permanently over perimeter by surfaces with recesses directed in opposition. Sizes and geometrical forms of space formed by recesses are identical to real defect. EFFECT: enhanced authenticity of results of certification of equipment. 5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to ultrasonic testing, and in particular to a sample for ultrasonic testing, intended for use in the certification of equipment for ultrasonic testing (ultrasonic testing).

 Ultrasonic testing is one of the objective methods of non-destructive testing of metal or welded joints with the aim of determining defects such as fusion (during welding), discontinuities (in the manufacture of metal), cracks.

 The presence of a large number of ultrasonic flaw detectors creates a certain difficulty in choosing the necessary equipment for controlling defects in both the base metal and the weld.

 In order to rationally select equipment for ultrasonic testing, there is a system of its certification, which allows you to establish the accuracy and reliability of defect detection in the main material or weld metal.

 To evaluate the method and equipment of ultrasonic testing, a sample is required in which defects of a pre-selected shape, size are embedded, and their location is known.

 Difficulties in the manufacture of the sample lie in the creation of an artificial defect in it, which would be identical to the real defect.

 The invention is aimed at solving this problem, the object of which is a sample for ultrasonic testing.

 A known test sample for tuning ultrasound equipment from bimetal with an artificial defect in the form of a hole with a plate of sound-absorbing material placed along its length; the main part of the hole is filled with a mixture of powder from the metal of the outer layer and a waterproof binder material (USSR copyright certificate 1213412, class G 01 N 29/04, 1984). The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using this invention include the fact that such an artificial defect is quite far from real defects, which reduces the quality and reliability of the certification of equipment.

 A known test sample for tuning ultrasound equipment, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with two flat-bottomed holes, one of which contains a set of telescopic tubes with an axial shaft, and the second contains a set of replaceable plugs (copyright certificate 1260844, class G 01 N 29 / 04, 1984). The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using this invention include the fact that the creation of an artificial defect with a set of telescopic tubes or interchangeable plugs requires additional costs for the manufacture of these tubes and plugs, as well as the creation of the necessary acoustic contact between the elements of the sample, i.e. the artificial defect in accordance with this invention does not reflect the real conditions in which the defect can form, and this, in turn, is zhaet reliability of the results of equipment certification.

 The closest sample for ultrasonic testing to the claimed technical solution for the totality of essential features is the "Sample for ultrasonic testing" according to copyright certificate 1538115, cl. G 01 N 29/04, 1986, made in the form of a body of controlled material with at least one cavity in which an artificial defect (refractory fireclay powder) is placed, and the rest of the cavity is welded using repair welding technology.

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using this invention include the difficulties associated with obtaining a defect identical to the real one both in shape, geometric dimensions, and at the location of the working cavity of the defect in the sample body. This invention is selected as a prototype.

 The essence of the proposed technical solution is to create an artificial defect that most fully reflects real defects that occur both in the main material and in the weld metal, which increases the reliability of the certification of equipment and allows you to choose the most suitable for the given conditions from the entire gamut of flaw detectors.

 The specified technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that in the sample for ultrasound control, made in the form of a body from a controlled material with at least one cavity in which an artificial defect is placed, and the rest of the cavity is welded, the artificial defect is made in the form defect-forming element with a recess, permanently connected to at least one of the planes of the body cavity, while the dimensions and geometric shape of the recess are identical to the real defect, and the defect-forming element is made n from controlled material.

 To obtain an artificial defect, for example, at the cutting edge of a welded joint, the defect-forming element is made in the form of a lining.

 And in order to bring this defect closest to the real defect in geometric dimensions and shape, the overlay with a recess is inseparably connected to at least one of the planes (edge) of the cavity (groove) of the body (welded joint).

To obtain an artificial defect, for example, in the root of the groove (cavity) of the welded joint (body), or in its main part in the welded joint (body), the defect-forming element is made in the form of a half-washer
And in order to increase the accuracy of approaching an artificial defect to real conditions, the half-washer with the ends is inseparably connected (welded) with the planes of the cavity (cutting the welded joint) of the body.

 To fix the defect-forming element (lining or half-washer) on the plane (edge) of the cavity (groove) of the body (welded joint), a fixing recess is made, which contributes to the best conditions for fastening the defect-forming element in the required place and contributes to the achievement of the overall technical result.

 The specified technical result when using the present invention can be achieved by another variant of the sample for ultrasound control, made in the form of a body of controlled material with at least one cavity in which an artificial defect is placed, and the rest of the cavity is welded, while artificial the defect is made in the form of a defect-forming element, consisting of two plates, permanently connected to each other along the perimeter of the surfaces with recesses directed towards each other, while the dimensions and the geometrical shape of the recesses is identical to the real defect, and the defect-forming element is made of a controlled material.

 Performing an artificial defect from a controlled material in terms of acoustic properties is equivalent to real conditions. Performing an artificial defect in the form of an element with a recess allows: firstly, to place it anywhere in the base metal and in the weld metal; secondly, it allows you to create a recess with dimensions and geometric shape identical to the dimensions and geometric shape of a real defect, as a result of which an artificial defect most fully reflects the real conditions. Welding (soldering) of the lining or half washer to the defect-forming plane ensures the placement of the defect in any place where a defect may occur in a real product.

 Thus, the features shown in the claims are necessary and sufficient to achieve the specified technical result, that is, they are essential. The presence of distinctive features in relation to the selected prototype indicates the compliance of the claimed technical solution with the criterion of "novelty" according to the current legislation. The claimed invention does not follow for a specialist explicitly from the prior art and, therefore, meets the requirement of "inventive step".

 Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention with the receipt of the above technical result is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. Figure 1 shows a cross section of a sample for ultrasonic testing (ultrasonic testing) in the form of a body of a controlled material with two cavities, each of which contains an artificial defect in the form of a defect-forming element with a recess - a lining of the controlled material, which is inseparably connected to the recessed surface (welded with welds) from one of the planes of the body, and the rest of the cavity is welded (filled) with welding passages.

 In FIG. Figure 2 shows a cross section of a sample for ultrasonic testing in the form of a welded joint (body) of a controlled material with a groove (cavity), to one of the planes of which a defect-forming element in the form of an overlay of a controlled material is welded by a welded seam (permanently attached) to the surface, and the rest of the groove (cavity) is welded (filled) with welding passages.

 In FIG. Figure 3 shows the cross section and view along arrow A of an artificial defect made of a controlled material in the form of a defect-forming element — a lining with a recess, the dimensions and geometric shape of which are identical to the real defect.

 In FIG. Figure 4 shows an artificial defect made of a controlled material in the form of a half-washer, for example, rectangular (section BB) and round (section BB) with a recess, the dimensions and geometric shape of which are identical to the real defect.

 In FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of a defect-forming element with a recess in the form of an overlay of a controlled material installed in a fixing recess made on the plane (edge) of a cavity (groove) of a body of a controlled material.

 Figure 6 shows a cross section of a sample for ultrasonic testing in the form of a body from a controlled material with a groove (cavity), in which an artificial defect from the same controlled material is placed in the form of a defect-forming element with a recess - a half washer, which at one end is welded inseparably to the edges ( planes) butchering (cavity).

 Figure 7 shows a cross section of a sample for ultrasonic testing in the form of a body from a controlled material with a groove (cavity) in which an artificial defect from the same controlled material is placed in the form of two overlays welded (permanently connected) to each other along the perimeter of the surfaces with recesses directed towards each other, the geometric shape and dimensions of which are identical to the real defect.

 The proposed sample for ultrasonic testing is a body (welded joint) 1 (see, respectively, Fig. 1, 2) of a controlled material in which at least one cavity (groove) is made 2. In the cavity (groove) 2 on one of planes (edge) 3 is inextricably connected, for example by welding seam 4, an artificial defect of the same controlled material in the form of a defect-forming element 5, in which a recess 6 is made with dimensions and geometric shape identical to the real defect, for example, in the root. To increase the accuracy of fixation of the defect-forming element 5 on the cavity (edge) 3, a fixing recess 7 is made (see Fig. 5). Depending on the location of the real defect (for example, in the root) in the body (welded joint) 1, an artificial defect in the form of a defect-forming element 5 can be either in the form of a lining (see Fig. 3), in one of the surfaces of which a recess 6 is made , or in the form of a half-washer, for example, rectangular or round (see figure 4) with the same recess. In this case, in the case of an overlay to the plane 3 (see Fig. 1, 2), the surface of the overlay in which the recess was made is welded 4, and in the case of a half-washer, both ends are welded to planes 3 (see Fig. 6) both ends 8 of this half washer. The rest of the cavity (cutting) 2 of the body (welded joint) 1 (see figure 1, 2, 6) are welded with welding passages.

 Another variant of the proposed sample for ultrasonic testing is a body (welded joint) 1 (see Fig. 7) of a controlled material in which a cavity (cutting) 2 is made, and an artificial defect in the form of a defect-forming element 5 of the same controlled material is placed inside the cavity (cutting) 2 between the planes (edges) 3 and is made of two plates, permanently connected (welded) by welds 4 to each other along the perimeter of the surfaces with recesses 6, directed towards each other, while the dimensions and geometric shapes and the closed volume formed by the recesses 6 are identical to a real defect, for example, a pore. The rest of the cavity (cutting) 2 of the body (welded joint) 1 is welded with other welding passages.

 The proposed sample for ultrasonic testing is made as follows.

 First option. In the body (welding joint) 1 (see FIGS. 1, 2, 6), at least one cavity (groove) 2 is made of the controlled material to the required depth. If necessary, depending on the location of the real defect, for example, pores in one of the planes (cutting crown), 3 perform a fixing recess 7 (see Fig. 5) to increase the accuracy of the installation of an artificial defect.

 In advance, an artificial defect is made in the form of element 5 from the controlled material and a recess 6 is made on it on one of the surfaces, the dimensions and geometric shape of which are identical to the real defect. Element 5, depending on the location of a real defect, such as a pore, can be made in the form of a lining (see figure 3) or half-washers of rectangular or round shape (see figure 4).

 Next, the element 5 in the form of a lining with a surface with a recess 6 (see Figs. 1, 2, 6) or in the form of a half-washer with ends 8 (see Fig. 6), respectively, are contacted with the planes (edges) 3 of the cavity (cutting) 2 of the body (welded joint) 1 and inseparably welded seams 4 are attached to these planes. The rest of the cavity (cutting) 2 is welded (filled) with other welding passages in modes that exclude violation of the surface of the recess 6 in the defect-forming element 5. The sample is ready for certification.

 The second option. In the body (welding joint) 1 (see Fig. 7), at least one cavity (groove) 2 with planes (edges) 3 is made from the controlled material.

 Next, two plates 5 are made of the same material. On one of the surfaces of each plate 5, a recess 6 is made. By surfaces with recesses 6 directed towards each other, the plates are inseparably connected around the entire perimeter by a weld seam 4, forming a closed volume between them, dimensions and whose geometric shape is identical to a real defect, such as a pore. An artificial defect in the form of a defect-forming element 5 of two overlays is ready. To place the defect-forming element 5 in the groove (cavity) 2 between the edges (planes) 3, a part of the groove (cavity) 2 is filled with welding passages, forming a plane. Then the defect-forming element 5 of the two plates with a weld (tacks) is permanently attached to this plane and filled with welding passages the rest of the cavity 2 without disturbing the volume surfaces between the plates. The sample for certification is ready.

 To certify ultrasonic testing equipment, a sample was made of 15X2NMFA material (TU 108-765-78) with a size of 1000 x 1000 mm and a thickness of 190 mm, in which a cavity was made (cutting edges). Pads are made of directional metal with a thickness of 4 mm. The width of the surface with the recess 6 was 2 mm, the recess 0.1 mm deep, the bevel of the corners of the outer surface 30 (see Fig. 4, 5). The pads were placed on the cutting plane 3 and welded to its surface by argon-arc welding without violating the defect-forming surface of the defect-forming element 5.

 Such overlays along the length of cutting in its various places were placed 26 pcs. After that, the cutting was filled in the mode corresponding to the welding mode of steel 15X2NMFA. On the obtained sample, the equipment for ultrasonic testing of the Siemens company was certified.

 Test results - all 26 defects were found.

 Ultrasonic testing equipment is tested on the sample thus prepared in accordance with the test program.

 The program, as a rule, sets the shape, size and location of defects.

 The equipment during the test should identify a defect with a certain degree of repeatability, while determining the geometric dimensions of the defect.

 Thus, the use of the proposed sample with artificial defects identical to the real ones increases the accuracy and reliability of certification of equipment for ultrasonic testing.

Claims (5)

 1. A sample for ultrasonic testing, made in the form of a body from a controlled material with at least one cavity in which an artificial defect is placed, and the rest of the cavity is welded, characterized in that the artificial defect is made in the form of a defect-forming element, in one of the surfaces of which a recess is made, and by this surface, the defect-forming element is inseparably connected to one of the planes of the body cavity, while the dimensions and geometric shape of the recess are identical to the real defect, and defect-forming The element is made of controlled material.  2. A sample according to claim 1, characterized in that the defect-forming element is made in the form of a lining.  3. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that the defect-forming element is made in the form of a half-washer.  4. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that for fixing the defect-forming element on the plane of the body cavity, a fixing recess is made.  5. A sample for ultrasonic testing, made in the form of a body from a controlled material with at least one cavity in which an artificial defect is placed, and the rest of the cavity is welded, characterized in that the artificial defect is made in the form of a defect-forming element consisting of two overlays, permanently connected to each other along the perimeter of the surfaces with recesses directed towards each other, while the dimensions and geometric shape of the cavity formed by the recesses are identical to the real defect, and the defect The forming element is made of a controlled material.

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