RU2185478C2 - Hydroelectric station building and method for erection of hydroelectric stations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering, in particular, construction of diversion small hydroelectric stations on mountain rivers. SUBSTANCE: the building of the hydroelectric station has a light upper structure, feeding and discharge flow channels of the horizontal hydroelectric unit with a straight-axis draught tube, the discharge chamber and the foundation plate under the hydroelectric unit make up a rigid spatial construction serving as a deepened foundation of the hydroelectric unit. The discharge chamber represents a built-up reinforced-concrete prefabricated construction consisting of several separate members mounted and monolithic finished on the workplace. Conjugation of the discharge chamber outlet and the discharge channel is made by a reinforced- concrete pipe of square section assembled of two or more separate standard prefabricated members. The conjugating pipe is equipped at the outlet with a bottom wall providing the necessary sinking of the discharge pipe outlet section, and standard built-up reinforced-concrete lean-to members for conjugation with the slopes of the discharge channel. The upper lightened structure represents a built-up construction: of a separate strip foundation that is not coupled to the foundation of the hydroelectric unit, and a metal framework mounted on it, wall panels of section plate material with a warmth-keeping jacket mounted on the metal framework, and slabs with an assembly hatch and a detachable hatch door. The method for erection consists in examination of the hydrology of rivers, conducting of geological and geodetic surveyings of river range lines, construction of the headwork and diversion canals, first selected are one, two or more standard sizes of hydraulic turbines of different power, consumption ranges and operating heads. After that differential selection of the river range lines is accomplished in accordance with the parameters of the selected standard sizes of hydraulic turbines. All the river range lines are divided into groups. At construction of the hydraulic electric station the rated head is provided by selection of the lengths of the diversion canals. The main and auxiliary equipment is built up and unified by groups. Modular hydroelectric unit and electric block-sections assembled of unified constructions unified by these groups are developed. After fabrication of the unified constructions and transportation of the hydroelectric unit block-sections and their mounting are accomplished, after that arrangement of the building of the hydroelectric station consisting of 1,2 and more hydroelectric units and the respective number of electrical block-sections is accomplished. EFFECT: reduced material costs for designing and construction of hydroelectric stations and the term of putting the stations into operation. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering construction of hydroelectric power plants, in particular to the construction of derivational small hydroelectric power plants (SHPPs) on mountain rivers.

 Such buildings of hydroelectric stations are known which consist of inlet and outlet flow paths and a tent-type overhead structure. [L-1], [L-3], [L-4].

 Such HPP buildings are designed, built and assembled according to individually developed design solutions. They are distinguished by a wide variety of layout design and technological solutions. This causes them to become more expensive during construction and difficulties in organizing operation.

 There is also a known method of constructing hydroelectric power plants, the essence of which is that, in each case, depending on the hydropower parameters of the river alignment (section), taking into account the geological, geodesic, topographic and weather-climatic features of the construction area and the results of the technical and economic comparison of various design options and layout solutions consistently carry out individual design, layout, acquisition of the main and auxiliary equipment hydroelectric power plants and its construction. [L-1], [L-2], [L-4].

 All this causes an increase in the cost of design and construction of hydroelectric power plants, extension of the construction and commissioning of the facility, as well as an increase in operating costs.

 The proposed inventions aim to expand the existing arsenal of structural and technological solutions for station components in general and hydroelectric power station buildings in particular and will allow for the construction of hydroelectric buildings by assembling them from modular block sections mounted from standardized standard building structures.

 The proposed inventions also aim to expand the arsenal of existing methods for constructing hydroelectric power plants and to realize the possibility of typical design, layout and acquisition of basic and auxiliary equipment for the construction of small hydroelectric power stations on mountain rivers.

 In FIG. 1 shows a hydraulic unit block section (section along the flow path), and in FIG. 2 is a drawing of a building of a two-unit small hydroelectric station, composed of 2 hydro-units and one electrotechnical modular block sections (section across the flow path). These graphic materials do not require special explanation.

 The proposed building of the hydroelectric power station includes: the upper lightweight ground structure (1) for the pre-turbine shutter (2) and horizontal hydraulic unit (3) with a straight-axis knee-shaped suction pipe (4), inlet and outlet ducts. A distinctive feature is that the outlet chamber (5) and the foundation plate (6) under the hydraulic unit, overlapping the outlet chamber (5) in the alignment between the anchors (not shown in the drawing) for fixing the frame (not shown) of the hydraulic unit (3) to foundation (6), forms a rigid spatial structure that serves as an in-depth foundation under the hydraulic unit (3), which is very important when building hydroelectric buildings on various soils, rocky foundations or on floodplain deposits.

 The flow-through outlet path is equipped with a bottom wall (7), which provides the necessary flooding of the outlet section (8) of the suction pipe (4), for operation of the hydraulic unit without cavitation in the mode with a minimum water flow rate. It also ensures independence of the suction height from the level regime of the downstream and the possibility of placing the main and auxiliary equipment at unheated levels. The latter circumstance simplifies the conditions for assembling the flow path from prefabricated elements without observing the special requirements for the water tightness of the mounting joints. The discharge chamber (5) is a prefabricated prefabricated reinforced concrete structure consisting of 4 separate elements mounted and monolithic directly at the workplace. The coupling of the outlet of the outlet chamber (5) with the outlet channel is made by a reinforced concrete pipe (10) of rectangular cross section, assembled from 3 prefabricated standard elements of factory manufacture.

 At the exit, the rectangular pipe (10) of the outlet duct has typical precast reinforced concrete openings (12), which are used to interface with the slopes of the outlet duct. The upper lightweight ground structure (1) is a prefabricated structure made of standard prefabricated building elements and consists of: an independent (not connected to the hydraulic unit foundation) strip foundation (13) of standard blocks mounted on the foundation with anchor bolts (not shown in the drawing) metal frame (14), wall panels (9) of the "sandwich" type from profiled steel sheet with insulation and the same floor panels that are attached to the metal frame (14). The overlapping panels are equipped with a mounting hatch with a removable cover (11) for mounting and dismounting the main hydraulic equipment during construction and maintenance using a truck crane.

 Features of mountain rivers, such as the abundance of solid sediment in the runoff and large slopes of their channels, uniquely dictate the only appropriate layout solution for small hydropower plants, such as the construction of derivational SHPPs without deep regulation of river flow, i.e. without the construction of large reservoirs. And the presence in most of the cases of the technical feasibility of laying a diversion water conduit along the mountain slopes along the river channel at the required distances necessary to create a working head in a certain pressure range determines the advisability of preliminary designing the optimal value of the working head and turbine flow rate for future hydropower plants and choosing one to unify or several sizes of hydroturbines. This all creates the conditions for a typical design and construction of small hydropower plants. Given the above circumstances, the essence of the proposed method for the construction of small hydroelectric power stations on mountain rivers is reduced to the following.

 They study the hydrology of rivers, the weather and climatic conditions of the catchment basins, conduct geodesic and geological surveys, map out river sections (sections). The head unit of the hydroelectric station is being constructed consisting of a retaining structure, a drainage system, a washing device and a spillway structure.

 Lay a metal derivational conduit. A distinctive feature is that in order to expand the arsenal of existing methods of constructing hydroelectric power stations and to realize the possibility of their standard design, layout and construction, as well as to reduce the volume and terms of design and survey, construction and installation works, reduce environmental damage and increase economic the effectiveness of the stations during operation from the range of products is selected or specially developed in the range of medium and high heads, one, two or more sizes in hydraulic turbines of various capacities, flow ranges and working heads.

 During construction, the calculated value of the pressure is ensured by an appropriate choice of the lengths of the diversion water pipes.

 And then, comparing the hydropower parameters of the selected hydroturbines with the corresponding average annual flow rates of river sections (sections) taking into account their slopes, all sections (sections) of the region's rivers are grouped according to the developed standard sizes of hydraulic turbines. The main and auxiliary equipment of station nodes are unified differentially by groups. For the same groups, unified modular hydro-aggregate and electrical block sections are being developed that are mounted from unified building structures. Building constructions are made in the factory, transported to the construction site, where they sequentially orient and locate the modular hydro-aggregate unit sections and install them, the layout of the modular unit sections of the station assembly consisting of one, two or more hydro-aggregate units (depending on installed capacity of hydroelectric power stations) and the corresponding number of electrical block sections for placing a unified complete switchgear and other equipment.

 Referring to FIG. Figures 1 and 2 of the hydro-aggregate block section and the SHPP building show design and development methods and solutions developed by Dagenergo that include the implementation of the industrial method of building small hydropower buildings on mountain rivers.

As the main hydraulic equipment for the unified design and construction of SHPP buildings, a horizontal hydraulic unit was used consisting of: a horizontal radial-axial hydraulic turbine of type RO 230 / 791D-GM-50 and a horizontal hydrogenerator of type SG1-85 / 59-6UHL4. The hydraulic turbine has a range of working heads of 40-70 m, a flow range of 0.42 -1.2 m ³ / s.

 The rated power of the hydrogenerator is 600 kW, the rated speed of rotation is 1000 rpm.

 Under the parameters of this hydraulic unit in the basins of the Sulak and Samur rivers, 29 sections (sections) of small rivers for the construction of small hydropower plants in an industrial way were previously examined and planned. The total installed capacity of these small hydropower plants is 58.8 mW, the total number of installed hydraulic units is 98 pcs. , the average annual annual output of 340 million kWh. The number of hours of using the installed capacity is 5780 hours.

 The developed industrial technology for the construction of SHPPs allows the construction of small hydropower plants in the power range from 0.6 to 3.6 mW with a resolution of 0.6 mW.

Sources of information
1. "Use of water energy" publishing house "Energy" L., 1976. Edited by D.S. Shchavelova.

 2. "Hydropower and integrated use of water resources of the USSR." Energoizdat M., 1982. Under the general editorship of a corresponding member. USSR Academy of Sciences P.S. Off-road.

 3. "Hydroelectric stations" publishing house "Energir" M., 1972. Edited by Doctor of Technical Sciences, prof. F.F. Gubina.

 4. "Small hydropower" Energoatomizdat M., 1989. Edited by L. P. Mikhailov.

Claims (2)

 1. The building of a hydroelectric power station, including a light upper structure, inlet and outlet ducts and a foundation for a hydraulic unit, characterized in that it includes a discharge chamber, which, with a foundation plate under the hydraulic unit overlapping the discharge chamber, form a rigid spatial structure serving as an in-depth foundation of the hydraulic unit, this outlet chamber is made in the form of a precast concrete structure, consisting of several separate elements mounted and monopolized in place, the outlet outlet amer is connected to the outlet channel of a rectangular reinforced concrete pipe, consisting of two or more separate standard factory-made elements, the flow path is equipped with a bottom wall that provides the necessary heating of the outlet section of the hydraulic unit’s suction pipe, and for interfacing with the slopes of the outlet channel, the reinforced concrete pipe is equipped with precast reinforced concrete at the same time, the upper lightweight structure is a prefabricated structure of a hydroag regatta of an independent strip foundation and a metal frame mounted on it, wall panels of profiled sheet material with insulation and floor panels mounted on a metal frame.  2. A method of constructing hydroelectric power plants, including the study of river hydrology, geological and geodetic surveys of sections or river sections, the construction of a head unit and derivative water conduits, characterized in that at first one, two or more sizes of hydraulic turbines are selected, different in power, flow rate ranges and working pressure, then carry out a differentiated selection of sections or river sections in accordance with the parameters of the selected sizes of hydraulic turbines and all sections or river sections are divided into groups in compliance with these parameters, while during construction the design pressure is provided by selecting the lengths of the diversion water conduits, the main and auxiliary equipment is completed and unified into groups, modular hydro-aggregate and electrotechnical block sections unified for these groups are developed, which are mounted from unified building structures, and building structures are made in the factory, transported to the construction site, where the hydraulic unit is sequentially linked to the terrain tnyh block sections and their assembly, followed by the arrangement of hydroelectric building, consisting of one, two or more standardized gidroagregatnyh blocks and a corresponding number of electrical block sections.

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