RU2184811C1 - Hydraulic pile-driving hammer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: driving of reinforced concrete piles in industrial and construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: hydraulic pile-driving hammer has guides on upper and lower supports for carrying moving hammer connected by flexible connection with hinge of hydraulic cylinder rod whose body is connected with upper support by additional hinge. Flexible connection is formed by cross-piece carrying said rod hinge and connected with hammer by means of upper and lower shock absorbers. Said additional hinge is of cardan type. Hammer is removable for its replacement with hammers of different weights. Hydraulic cylinder has upper rod whose diameter is smaller than that of rod with hinge. Hammer has a system of control of piston motion of hydraulic cylinder and includes electrical and hydraulic parts. Hydraulic part includes hydraulic control valve, pneumohydroaccumulator and hydraulic apparatuses, supplying and discharging hoses connected with respective ends of hydraulic cylinder. EFFECT: higher reliability and efficiency of pile-driving work. 5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to designs of piling hammers used for driving reinforced concrete piles in industrial and civil engineering. Pile driving hammers can be used as attachments for driving reinforced concrete piles when installed on hydraulic rams of the appropriate capacity and parameters of their hydraulic system.

 Known piling hydraulic hammer containing mounted with the possibility of movement along the guides of the hammer, with which an elastic hinge is connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder, the body of which is mounted on the upper support (1).

 In the known piling hammer, the cylinder body is rigidly connected to the upper support, which can lead to jamming of the piston, rod or hammer during their movement due to the parallelism of the rod and the guides.

 Known piling hydraulic hammer containing guides placed on the upper and lower supports, bearing a mounted mounted for the movement of the hammer, with which the hydraulic cylinder rod is connected by an elastic hinge, the housing of which is pivotally mounted on the upper support (2).

 In the known device, the connection of the hydraulic cylinder rod with an elastic hinge made in the form of an elastic sleeve does not provide reliability, since large alternating shock loads lead to frequent damage to the hinge, and also does not provide the possibility of quick dismantling of the hammer, since it is necessary to dismantle the hinge.

 The technical result of the invention is to increase the reliability and productivity of piling.

 To achieve the technical result in the proposed hydraulic pile driving hammer, containing guides located on the upper and lower supports, on which the hammer is mounted with the possibility of movement, connected by an elastic connection with the hinge of the hydraulic cylinder rod, the housing of which is connected by an additional hinge to the upper support, the elastic connection is formed by the carrier specified the hinge of the rod with a traverse connected to the striker by means of upper and lower shock absorbers, and the specified additional hinge is made universal joint.

 In addition, the hammer is equipped with removable impactors of various weights, and the elastic connection is detachable.

 The hydraulic cylinder is equipped with an upper rod, the diameter of which is less than the diameter of the rod with a hinge.

 An additional hinge is formed by a rocker pivotally mounted on the upper support, on which the hydraulic cylinder body is pivotally mounted by means of pins.

 Pile driving hydraulic hammer is equipped with a control system for the movement of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder, including electric and hydraulic parts, the last of which includes a valve, pneumatic accumulator and hydraulic equipment, inlet and outlet hoses communicated with the corresponding cavities of the hydraulic cylinder.

The proposed invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:
figure 1 - piling hydraulic hammer, front view,
figure 2 is the same side view,
figure 3 - the node of the hydraulic cylinder,
figure 4 - node elastic connection of the striker,
figure 5 - section aa in figure 1,
figure 6 - hydraulic circuit.

 The hydraulic pile driving hammer includes lower 1, upper 2 supports mounted on the base machine or stationary base, bearing at least two vertical guides 3, on which the shock mass or hammer 4 is mounted with the possibility of moving along the vertical plane, connected by an elastic connection with the hinge rod 5 of the hydraulic cylinder, the housing 6 of which is additionally connected to the upper support 2. An elastic connection is formed by a traverse 7 connected to the hammer 4, for example, a bolted connection 8 through the upper 9 and lower There are 10 shock absorbers.

 Pile driving hydraulic hammer is equipped with removable impactors of various weights, for the convenience and ease of dismantling of which the elastic coupling is detachable.

 The hydraulic cylinder contains an outer casing 6, a sleeve 11, a piston 12 and a cover 13. The piston can be made with a two-sided rod, while the diameter of the upper rod 14 is less than the diameter of the rod 5 with a hinge. A control valve 15 is mounted on the housing 6. The housing 6 is mounted on the upper support by means of an additional hinge, which is gimbal and includes a rocker 17 pivotally mounted on the upper support on the axles 16, on which the housing 6 is pivotally mounted on the pins 18. 20.

 To control the hydraulic cylinder, the hammer is equipped with a piston movement control system, including electric and hydraulic parts. The hydraulic part includes a hydraulic pump 21, control valves 22, 23, 24, a safety valve 25, pneumatic accumulators 26, inlet and outlet hoses communicated with the corresponding cavities of the hydraulic cylinder. The direction of movement of the piston is controlled by a control valve that either connects the upper cavity of the hydraulic cylinder to the drain line, or connects it through the bypass valve to the lower cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. A pneumatic accumulator 26 and an oil filter are installed in the drain line. Between the pressure and drain lines there is a safety valve and a solenoid valve with electromagnetic control.

 When installing the hammer on the base machine, its pump can be used, connected by a pressure pipe with a hydraulic pneumatic accumulator and the lower cavity of the working hydraulic cylinder, or a power plant of the base machine connected to the hammer hydraulic pump.

 To ensure control of the hammer in manual or automatic modes of operation, changes in impact energy, an electronic control system is introduced into the hammer. Management can be carried out from the "pilot" with electromagnets. The "pilot" is located directly on the distributor housing and is connected hydraulically to the distributor of the pressure and drain lines. To control the valve there is an electronic system.

 The hydraulic pile hammer works according to the “double action” scheme, which is characterized in that the acceleration of the shock mass down occurs not only under the action of the dead weight of the shock mass, but also due to the action of the hydraulic cylinder. This is due to the fact that the diameter of the upper rod is smaller than the rod with a hinge, which is the lower one, and when the pressure of the working fluid in the upper and lower cavities of the cylinder is relatively equal during the stroke, it causes the force from the side of the working cylinder to accelerate the shock mass down, which increases the efficiency of the hammer. In this case, the acceleration force does not exceed the weight of the passive parts of the hammer (traverse, hydraulic cylinder, supports and guides) in order to avoid separation of the hammer from the submerged pile.

 Pile hydraulic hammer works as follows.

 On the control panel, the switch has three positions: "Disabled", "Manual", "Automatic".

 When the switch is set to the "Disabled" position, power is not supplied to the control system. The electromagnets of the control valves 22 and 23 are also de-energized, the hydraulic pump 21 works to drain. Drummer 4 is located below.

 When the switch is in the "Manual" position, the power is supplied to the electromagnets of the control valves 22 and 23. In this case, the hydraulic pump 21 supplies the working fluid to both the upper and lower cavities of the hydraulic cylinder, and the hammer 4 is located below.

 After filling the pneumatic accumulator 26, the working fluid is discharged through the safety valve 25. When the "Start" button is pressed, the hydrodistributor electromagnet 23 is de-energized and the working fluid enters the hydrodistributor 24, which connects the drain line to the upper cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, breaking the hydraulic line between the upper and lower cavities of the hydraulic cylinder.

 Under the influence of the working fluid pressure in the lower cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, the hammer rises.

 When the Start button is released, the solenoid valve 23 again receives voltage, switches the valve 23, which in turn switches the valve 24 to a position in which the upper and lower cavities of the working cylinder are interconnected.

 The drummer under the influence of its own weight and the action of the working fluid due to the difference in the area of the rods falls down, striking at the end of the stroke on the Sabbath and through the headgear on the pile. Due to the presence of a hinge on the stem and an additional cardan hinge on the housing, the axis of the axes of the rod and the guides is ensured, which ensures alignment of the system by compensating for inaccuracies in the manufacture and assembly of the hammer and reduces braking during movement, reduces dynamic loads on the rod and pistons of the hydraulic cylinder, and ensures removal of lateral loads on the rod and piston, which improves the performance of the hammer and increases its service life. In this case, the upper 9 and lower 10 shock absorbers smooth out the load transmitted from the shock to the elements of the hydraulic cylinder.

 The duration of the “Start” button holding provides a greater or lesser height of the shock mass rise, and consequently, a different frequency and energy of impacts.

 When the switch on the control panel is switched to the "Automatic" position, power is supplied to the electronic control circuit. Using the knobs of the potentiometers "Height" and "Delay", the lifting height and the time the drummer is in contact with the shock absorbers of the headgear are set.

 With the given parameters, the hammer will work in automatic mode until the switch on the control panel is in the "Disabled" position.

Sources of information:
(1) SU 962456, μL. E02D 7/10, 09/30/1982.

 (2) US 3,669,198, Ml. E02D 7/10, 06/13/1972.

Claims (5)

 1. Hydraulic piling hammer, containing guides placed on the upper and lower supports, on which a hammer is mounted that can be moved with an elastic connection with the hinge of the hydraulic cylinder rod, the housing of which is connected by an additional hinge to the upper support, characterized in that the elastic connection is formed by the carrier of the specified hinge the rod with a traverse connected to the striker by means of upper and lower shock absorbers, and the specified additional hinge is made universal joint.  2. Hydraulic piling hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with removable hammers of various masses, and the elastic connection is detachable.  3. Hydraulic piling hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with an upper rod, the diameter of which is less than the diameter of the rod with a hinge.  4. Hydraulic piling hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional hinge is formed by a rocker pivotally mounted on the upper support, on which the hydraulic cylinder body is pivotally mounted using pins.  5. A hydraulic piling hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a hydraulic piston movement control system including electric and hydraulic parts, the last of which includes a hydraulic distributor, a pneumatic accumulator and hydraulic equipment, inlet and outlet hoses communicated with the corresponding hydraulic cylinder cavities.

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