RU218366U1 - SPACE VEHICLE CONICAL ADAPTER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mesh structures made of composite materials and can be used in products of rocket and space technology.

A conical spacecraft adapter in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape made of composite materials, containing upper and lower flanges with a plurality of intersecting spiral, both directions, and annular ribs made of unidirectional polymer fibers, characterized in that the upper flange is an upper metal frame, the lower flange is a lower composite frame, while the frames are made with upper and lower interfaces; the upper interface is a transitional metal ring, in which landing holes are made at the attachment points with the spacecraft and with the conical adapter, as well as places and holes for installing the equipment of the separation device; the lower interface consists of metal clamps and linings installed with a certain step around the circumference of the lower frame at the attachment points with the upper block, with mounting holes made.

Description

The utility model relates to mesh structures made of composite materials and can be used in products of rocket and space technology.

A conical adapter (AC) of a spacecraft (SC) is a structural power element that connects the spacecraft and the upper stage (US) and provides the required load distribution between them.

AK KA should have a given bearing capacity, ensuring its integrity under external influences, as well as reliable fixation of the SC with US, i.e. have increased rigidity and strength. Other requirements for AK KA are the requirements to ensure the optimal values of the main parameters:

- high degree of reliability;

- high degree of unification;

- high degree of manufacturability;

- dimensional stability;

- low cost;

- low weight.

AK KA must combine the optimal values of the main parameters, the achievement of the balance of which is a technical problem.

It should be noted that the choice of the configuration and type of the mesh structure in the design depends on the impact of a combination of static and dynamic loads, as well as on the design features of the AK and RB, which have different dimensions, and, consequently, landing diameters. Also, the action of loads can lead to the occurrence of local stresses in the ribs of the mesh shell of the AK KA. Based on these conditions, the angle of inclination and the number of spiral ribs, the number and pitch of the annular ribs are determined, which set the lateral rigidity and impart the self-stabilization property to the AK KA mesh shell. The parameters of the ribs are selected to ensure the condition of the minimum mass, as well as the necessary strength and rigidity of the structure of the mesh shell. Thus, AK KA is a shell of revolution made of a composite material of a hollow conical shape, having a mesh structure formed by crossing spiral and annular ribs.

From the prior art also known various designs of AK, presented in a number of descriptions of inventions below.

- Patent No. 2483927 "Adapter in the form of a reinforced shell of rotation of a conical shape from polymer composite materials" A shell of rotation of a conical shape, limited by the upper and lower flat annular flanges, while the angle at the top of the cone is more than 85°, and the adapter additionally includes a shell with ribs installed on its surface. The ribs are located both along the generatrix of the cone and at an angle to it, connecting the support points of the upper and lower flanges. The annular rib is perpendicular to the plane of the adapter base, the remaining ribs are located in planes perpendicular to the plane of the adapter base. A metal frame is installed on the upper flange with the help of a glue-mechanical connection. Metal bushings are installed in the holes of the lower flange with the help of an adhesive connection. The shell passes into the upper flange through a vertical section, which forms a platform for mounting elements of attachments. The disadvantages of this analogue are the inconsistency with the required configuration parameters of the proposed AK KA, as well as the lack of integration of the upper frame into the structure, which leads to a loss of strength, structural rigidity, and a decrease in the reliability of the connection of the ribs of the mesh shell with the frame.

- Patent No. 2148496 "Adapter in the form of a mesh shell of rotation made of composite materials" A shell of rotation of a conical or hyperbolic shape contains a set of spiral and annular ribs uniformly displaced relative to each other. The ribs are made of strips of unidirectional threads bonded with a polymeric binder. In this case, the annular ribs have cross-sectional profiles in the form of a parallelogram or a trapezoid. The cross-sectional area can increase with an increase in the diameter of the shell, and the ribs can be provided with internal annular protrusions. The disadvantage of this analogue is the uneven strength of the mesh structure, which is explained by the uniform distribution of the annular ribs without taking into account the impact of the largest local loads at the ends.

- Patent No. 186237 "Adapter in the form of a multifaceted conical shell made of composite materials", which includes a shell-type structure, upper and lower end frames, fastened to the structure with a riveted joint. The shell-type structure is a multifaceted conical shell made of composite fabric blanks bonded with a polymer binder. The upper end frame is made with local interface and installation sites. The lower end frame is made in the form of interface plates having a landing and a support part. Edge cuts are made on the multifaceted conical shell between the interface plates. The disadvantage of this analog is the inconsistency with the required configuration parameters of the proposed AK KA, the inability to reduce the weight of the product due to the peculiarities of the reinforcement schemes, when the conical shell is made not of mesh, but of solid composite fabric blanks.

Based on the purpose and the closest set of essential features, as the closest analogue (prototype), the "Adapter in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape from polymer composite materials" is selected, known from the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2350818, containing the upper and lower annular shelves with a set intersecting helical, both directions, and annular ribs made of unidirectional polymer fibers and load-bearing elements made of laminated plastic, fastened in layers with ribs, located in local zones with overlapping cells between the ribs, while the local zones are located, in turn, in the zones of application to one 40 to 60% of the spiral ribs are concentrated from the shelves of concentrated forces and in these zones, made with a distance between them 2-4 times smaller than for the rest of the spiral ribs, with the formation of arrays from rhombic cells of the minimum size adjacent to the shelf and overlapped with layered plastic power elements.

The disadvantages of the prototype are :

- low manufacturability and uneven strength of the mesh structure, which is explained by the uneven distribution of spiral ribs, which form a large number of cells of different shapes and sizes;

- high mass of the structure due to a large number of spiral ribs and load-bearing elements covered with laminated plastic;

- lack of places and holes on the upper shelf for docking with AK;

- lack of places and holes for installing elements of the separation device (UO) on the top shelf;

- lack of places and holes for docking with the mating RB along the lower shelf.

For the claimed device, the following essential features common with the prototype have been identified: AK KA, containing the upper and lower annular shelves with a plurality of intersecting spiral, both directions, and annular ribs made of unidirectional polymer fibers.

The task to be solved by the claimed technical solution is the expansion of functionality.

The problem is solved by AK KA is presented in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape made of composite materials, containing upper and lower shelves with a plurality of intersecting spiral, both directions, and annular ribs made of unidirectional polymer fibers; the top shelf is the top metal frame and the bottom shelf is the bottom composite frame, which are made with top and bottom interfaces. The upper interface is a transitional metal ring that provides docking of SC with SC having different landing diameters; in the adapter ring of the upper interface, mounting holes are made in the places of attachment with the spacecraft and with the AK, as well as places and holes for installing the equipment of the UO. The lower interface consists of metal clamps and linings installed with a certain step around the circumference of the lower frame at the attachment points with the RB, while mounting holes are made in the lower frame and at the lower interface at the attachment points with the RB.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawings shown in Fig. 14:

- in Fig. 1 shows a general view of the AK KA;

- in Fig. 2 shows the design features of the AK KA;

- in Fig. 3 is view A of FIG. 2;

- in Fig. 4 shows the B-B section shown in FIG. 3.

AK KA is a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape made of composite materials, containing upper and lower shelves with a plurality of intersecting spiral, both directions, and annular ribs 1, 2 made of unidirectional polymer fibers. The upper shelf is the upper metal frame 3, the lower shelf is the lower composite frame 4. The upper and lower frames 3, 4 are made with the upper and lower interfaces 5, 6.

The top interface 5 is an adapter ring that provides docking of the SC with SC having different landing diameters. In the adapter ring of the upper interface 5, at the attachment points with the spacecraft and at the attachment points with the AK, landing holes 7 are made with high accuracy, as well as places 8 and holes 9 for installing the UO equipment.

The lower interface 6 consists of clamps and pads installed with a certain step around the circumference of the lower frame 4 in the attachment points with the RB, with high-precision mounting holes 11. The holes 11 can be used for mounting rigging equipment.

The top and bottom interfaces 5, 6 can be glued to the frames 3, 4 and fixed with a metal fastener 12. It is recommended that the top and bottom interfaces 5, 6 be made of metal alloys.

The AK KA mesh structure with upper and lower frames 3, 4 is manufactured according to the requirements for the design using the manufacturing technology by the method of "wet" winding of carbon fiber based on carbon fiber impregnated with an epoxy binder.

AK KA is characterized by the following parameters:

- height of spiral ribs from 19 to 21.5 mm;

- the height of the annular ribs from 21.4 mm;

- thickness of spiral ribs from 6.5 to 9.5 mm;

- thickness of the annular ribs from 3.5 to 4.5 mm;

- angle of orientation of the spiral ribs relative to the generatrix 20°15’;

- taper angle 20°51'42''.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the expansion of functionality.

This technical result is achieved due to:

- ensuring docking with the spacecraft due to the design features of the upper interface and the organization of landing holes and surfaces in it;

- organization of places and holes for installation of UO elements on the upper metal frame;

- ensuring docking with the US, due to the organization of landing holes in the lower interface.

Claims (1)

A conical spacecraft adapter in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape made of composite materials, containing upper and lower flanges with a plurality of intersecting spiral both directions and annular ribs made of unidirectional polymer fibers, characterized in that the upper flange is an upper metal frame, the lower shelf is the lower composite frame, while the frames are made with upper and lower interfaces, the upper interface is a transitional metal ring in which landing holes are made at the attachment points with the spacecraft and with a conical adapter, as well as places and holes for installing the equipment of the separation device, the lower the interface consists of metal clamps and linings installed with a certain step around the circumference of the lower frame at the attachment points with the upper block, with mounting holes made.

Images