RU2176632C1 - Water-containing frost-resistant explosive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: industrial explosives in mining, petroleum, gas and other industries in utilizing explosives of rocket and artillery engineering. SUBSTANCE: explosive comprises oxidizer, water, thickener, structurizing additives, cryogenic additive and explosive sensitizer which includes any grades of finely divided powders, fuels, explosives or mixture thereof with particle size of 0.1-30.0 mm, and cryogenic additive includes glycols or mixture thereof with inorganic oxidizes at 40:60 ratio respectively, and structurizing additives include cross-linking agents and solidification catalyst, ratios of components being as follows, wt.%: oxidizer, 80.0-35.0; explosive sensitizer, 5.0-50.0; cryogenic additive, 0.5-6.0; thickener, 0.5- 5.0; cross-linking agents, 0.01-0.5; solidification catalyst, 0.5-2.0; and water up to 100%. Explosive has wide range of service at positive and negative temperatures and high service reliability. EFFECT: improved properties of the water-containing frost-resistant explosive. 10 cl, 2 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of industrial explosives used in mining, oil, gas and other industries for various complex operations using explosive energy, and can be used in the disposal of explosives rocket and artillery equipment.

 Known water-containing powder explosive composition according to the patent of Russia N 2076089, class. C 06 B 25/24 of 04/30/94, including an explosive sensitizer, an inorganic oxidizing agent, water, a thickener and a structuring additive. Ballistic solid rocket fuel with a detonation pressure of 1.5-6.0 GPa or a mixture of pyroxylin powder is proposed as an explosive sensitizer.

Significant disadvantages of the analogue are:
- the inability to use artillery gunpowder as a sensitizer, which currently makes up the bulk of the products to be disposed of;
- the limited use of ballistic missile solid fuels with a detonation excitation pressure of 1.5 - 6.0 GPa, that is, a significant part of solid fuels cannot be used either;
- the impossibility of operation and storage in winter conditions.

 The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed invention is a water-containing explosive composition according to US patent N 3321344, class. C 06 B 1/04 (NKI 149-56) dated 05/23/67, including an inorganic oxidizing agent, water, a thickening agent, a structuring agent, additives that reduce the crystallization temperature of the oxidizing agent (cryogenic additives) and an explosive sensitizer. As an explosive sensitizer, explosives, for example trinitrotoluene, RDX, TEN or smokeless gunpowder, can be used.

Significant disadvantages of the prototype are: the inability to use and storage at temperatures below minus 23.3 ^o C (-10 ^o F); the use of a large amount (1 -15 wt.%) of ineffective cryogenic additives - urea and sodium chloride; the limited use of substances as a sensitizer, as well as the inability to use other types of explosive sensitizers, for example fuels or mixtures of several explosive sensitizers.

 In addition, the introduction of a large number of metal salts leads to a decrease in gas formation and the completeness of detonation, and, accordingly, a decrease in the ideal work of the explosion and the efficiency of the explosive composition.

 Aluminum sulfate and chromium nitrate used as crosslinking agents have a low catalysis rate, which during storage leads to delamination of the system, sedimentation of solid particles, and, accordingly, to a deterioration in the operational characteristics of the explosive composition.

 The technical task of the invention is to obtain a universal explosive that is highly effective in detonation characteristics, safe to handle and has a working capacity in the field of low negative temperatures.

At the same time, the tasks were set:
- expansion of the raw material base;
- increase the range of cost-effective explosive materials suitable for use in any industry.

 The stated technical problem was solved by the development of a universal frost-resistant explosive containing an oxidizing agent, water, a thickener, structuring additives, additives that reduce the crystallization temperature of the oxidizing agent (cryogenic additive) and an explosive sensitizer, in which any brand of powdered powders, fuels, explosives is used as an explosive sensitizer or their mixture with a particle size of 0.1 - 30.0 mm, as a cryogenic additive glycols or their mixture with inorganic oxidizing agents in the ratio uu 40:60, respectively, and as structurants additives - linking agents and curing catalyst.

To ensure operability in the field of low negative temperatures, the components are introduced in the following ratio, wt.%:
Oxidant - 80.0 - 35.0
Explosive sensitizer - 5.0 - 50.0
Additives that reduce the crystallization temperature of the oxidizing agent (cryogenic additive) - 0.5 - 6.0
Thickener - 0.5 - 5.0
Crosslinking Agents - 0.01 - 0.5
Curing Catalyst - 0.5 - 2.0
Water - Else
In the table. 1 gives examples of the compositions of cryogenic additives.

 In the table. 2 to 4 are examples of the implementation of the proposed explosive compositions.

 In FIG. 1 - dependence of the oxygen balance on the ratio of ballistic powder and ammonium nitrate (B.P. / A.S.).

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the dependence of the heat of explosion on the ratio of ballistic powder and ammonium nitrate (B.P. / A.S.)
As the oxidizing agent, the cheapest of the oxygen-containing compounds, ammonium nitrate, is mainly used. In addition, the role of an oxidizing agent to a certain extent is played by the powder elements and nitrates of other alkali metals included in the explosive.

 The main objective of the oxidizing agents used is the complete decomposition of the constituent elements to complete oxides in order to prevent the formation of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) and others. According to the Le Chatelier principle, the composition must have so much active oxygen in order to achieve the equation nO = 2с + 11/2 + 213Al.

 In FIG. 1 shows that the introduction of ballistic powders of various grades up to 50% provides the required oxygen balance from - 10 to + 20%. The real amount of oxidizing elements is compensated by the introduction of a certain amount of water and inert additives.

 It is proposed to use various types of ground powders, fuels, explosives, or a mixture thereof with a particle size of 0.1 - 30.0 mm as an explosive sensitizer. It has been experimentally proved that the use of particles larger than 30 mm, for example 40-50 mm, leads to non-compliance of the explosive with technological requirements, and during operation to incomplete detonation or failure.

 To reduce the crystallization temperature of the oxidizing agent, cryogenic additives were used (see table No. 1), which have high solubility in water and in saturated solutions of oxidizing agents, with a low solidification temperature in a mixture with an oxidizing solution, a low negative oxygen balance, and a high boiling point.

The introduction of up to 6% of the mixtures shown in table No. 1 allowed to lower the freezing point of the explosive to minus 40 ^o C or less, which dramatically expands the temperature range of operation of the proposed explosive and makes it almost universal.

 To thicken the composition, polyacrylamide or its substitutes in the form of the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, guargam, etc. were introduced.

For the formation of a waterproof gel-like composition, cross-linking agents (structuring additives) were introduced into the composition of the proposed explosive for cross-linking the thickener macromolecules - these are salts of polyvalent metals Fe ⁺³ , Cr ⁺³ , as well as potassium dichromate with sodium sulfate in an amount of 0.05-0, 5%.

 As a curing catalyst, diphenylamine is proposed in an amount of 0.5 - 2.0%.

 Most powders and fuels are slightly sensitive to detonation momentum. Such a drawback of these powders was eliminated by the additional introduction of an explosive sensitizer — an activator of a detonation pulse — heavy metal oxides of group II-VI into the composition of an explosive.

 Thus, the introduction of 2-5% zinc oxide into the composition of the most passive detonation of artillery gunpowder DG-3, from the point of view of excitation, reduces the critical diameter of detonation from 25-30 mm to 1-2 mm and significantly increases its sensitivity to detonation impulse. In this regard, oxides of lead, titanium and other metals can also be used.

 The additional introduction into the explosive composition of porous elements in the form of glass or polymer microspheres in an amount of 2-4% also quite effectively improves its explosive characteristics, contributing to the propagation of detonation along the explosive charge and ensures complete detonation. The increase in the number does not change the detonation characteristics of the proposed explosives.

 Salt solutions, in particular ammonium nitrate solutions, corrode metals very actively, and the manufacture of mixtures based on them requires the selection of equipment from a corrosion-resistant material. It has been proposed that surfactants, for example, industrial or transformer oil, be added to the explosive composition in an amount of 2-4%. It was experimentally established that the introduction of an anti-corrosion additive in the composition of an inorganic oxidizing agent improves the rheological characteristics of the composition.

 A positive factor that improves the output characteristics of an explosive is the fact that the explosive sensitizer is used in a phlegmatized form.

 The composition is prepared in mixers, then unloaded into polyethylene sleeves of the required standard sizes (cartridgeized). It has a wide range of operation in the field of positive and negative temperatures, high operational reliability.

 The proposed water-containing frost-resistant explosive was tested by manufacture under experimental conditions and full-scale tests at Permneftegeofiziki quarries.

 The composition of the explosive issued technical specifications. By the decision of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, the explosive was approved for testing in the quarries of the Perm and Sverdlovsk regions.

Sources of information
1. Patent of the Russian Federation N 2076089, MKI C 06 B 25/24, 25/26, publ. 03/27/97, BI N 9.

 2. US patent N 3321344, MKI C 06 B 1/04, NKI 149-56, 1967 (prototype).

Claims (9)

1. A water-containing frost-resistant explosive, including an oxidizing agent, an explosive sensitizer, a cryogenic additive, a thickener, structuring additives and water, characterized in that it contains ground powder, fuels, explosives or a mixture thereof with a particle size of 0.1- 30.0 mm, as cryogenic additives — glycols or a mixture thereof with inorganic oxidizing agents, and as crosslinking agents — crosslinking agents and a curing catalyst in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Oxidant - 80.0 - 35.0
Explosive sensitizer - 5.0 - 50.0
Cryogenic additive - 0.5 - 6.0
Thickener - 0.5 - 5.0
Crosslinking Agents - 0.01 - 0.5
Curing Catalyst - 0.5 - 2.0
Water - Else
2. The substance according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an non-explosive sensitizer in the form of metal oxides of groups II-VI of the Periodic system selected from zinc, lead, and copper oxides.  3. The substance according to p. 2, characterized in that as an non-explosive sensitizer it contains porous elements in the form of glass or polymer microspheres in an amount of 2-4 wt.%.  4. The substance according to claim 1, characterized in that as glycols it contains an alkyl glycol selected from ethylene or diethylene glycol.  5. The substance according to claim 1, characterized in that as a cryogenic additive it contains a mixture of alkyl glycol with nitrates of alkali or alkaline earth metals selected from potassium and calcium nitrates, in a ratio of 40: 60, respectively.  6. The substance according to p. 1, characterized in that it further comprises an anticorrosive additive selected from industrial or transformer oil, in an amount of 2-4 wt.%.  7. The substance according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains an anti-corrosion additive in the form of a mixture with an inorganic oxidizing agent.  8. The substance according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an explosive sensitizer in a phlegmatized form.  9. The substance according to claim 1, characterized in that as a curing catalyst it contains diphenylamine for longitudinal and cross-linking of the thickener.  10. The substance according to claim 1, characterized in that as crosslinking agents it contains chromates, dichromates and sulfates of alkali or alkaline earth metals.

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