RU217652U1 - Fire fighting clothing for work on sea and river vessels - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of personal protective equipment and concerns firefighter combat clothing to provide comprehensive protection when extinguishing fires and liquidating emergencies on sea and river vessels, as well as rescuing a firefighter who finds himself in open water in case of an emergency. The proposed fire fighting clothing can be used to extinguish fires on various ships, as it combines the functions of a fire-resistant suit and a floating craft, while allowing you to carry out all the necessary operational and tactical actions during fire fighting. The technical effect implemented by the claimed utility model is that the firefighter's combat clothing for working on sea and river vessels allows you to protect firefighters not only from exposure to high temperatures, open flames, water, but can also serve as a life-saving equipment with positive buoyancy , while not limiting the ability to carry out all the necessary operational and tactical actions during fire fighting. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to personal protective equipment and concerns firefighter combat clothing to provide comprehensive protection when extinguishing fires and liquidating emergencies on sea and river vessels, as well as rescuing a firefighter who finds himself in open water in case of an emergency.

Fires and explosions are most often the main causes of ship disasters, both during their operation and during construction or repair.

The occurrence and development of fires on ships differ significantly from similar processes in land-based structures. The main reasons for the difference are related to the difference in the space-planning and design solutions of ships and ground structures, using different structural and finishing materials, as well as the organization of a developed ventilation and air conditioning system inside the ships. These conditions are defined as especially difficult and involve the involvement of more firefighters.

When extinguishing fires on sea and river vessels, various emergency situations may occur, as a result of which a firefighter may be in the water, and it is necessary that positive buoyancy of the upper body (head, shoulder girdle) of a person be ensured until the rescue operations are carried out.

Firefighting clothing (hereinafter - BOP) is designed to protect a person from dangerous, primarily thermal factors of a fire and the penetration of water and aqueous solutions of fire extinguishing agents into the interior of the BOP. But traditional firefighter combat clothing does not have the ability to keep a person afloat.

Most life-saving appliances (life buoys, life jackets) are made of flammable materials and cannot be used at the high temperatures that occur during fires. In addition, these tools are structurally in no way connected with combat clothing, and cannot be included in its package. This means that in the event of an emergency situation when extinguishing a fire, they cannot be used. The option of putting on a lifejacket over combat clothing and using such a combination when extinguishing a fire is also impossible, since the design of the lifejacket is rather bulky, not ergonomic, and the fireman will not be able to perform the necessary operational and tactical actions related to firefighting.

Wetsuits that allow a person to stay on the surface of the water are also made of non-fire-resistant and non-heat-resistant materials that do not have sufficient physical and mechanical properties (tensile and tearing loads) in accordance with GOST 53264-2019. Their design does not allow carrying out operational and tactical actions related to extinguishing fires. Wetsuits are not ergonomically compatible with other personal protective equipment for firefighters and fire-technical equipment.

Accordingly, when extinguishing fires on sea and river vessels, it is necessary to use combat clothing, the composition of a multilayer package of materials and fabrics, as well as the design and completeness of which make it possible to provide protection from thermal factors of a fire, including exposure to an open flame, and positive buoyancy for a firefighter who has fallen into the water in in the event of an emergency.

In accordance with the requirements of GOST 53264-2019, the BOP must consist of a jacket and trousers (semi-overalls). It is also allowed to make BOP in the form of overalls. To ensure safe working conditions, the package of materials and fabrics used for the manufacture of CBP consists of a top material, a waterproof layer and a thermal insulating lining.

The top material of the firefighter's combat clothing is the outer layer of the package of materials that protects the firefighter's body from high ambient temperatures, heat flows, open flames, contact with heated surfaces, physical and mechanical influences, water and aggressive environments.

The waterproof layer of combat clothing is designed to protect the thermal insulation lining of the BOP from the penetration of water, solutions with additives of surfactants and aggressive environments. In some models, the waterproof layer is combined with a removable thermal insulation lining or top material. Materials are used, the water resistance of which is ensured by a polymer film coating.

The heat-insulating lining of a firefighter's combat clothing is a layer that has low thermal conductivity and is designed to protect against convective heat, as well as from adverse climatic influences. As materials for the manufacture of heat-insulating lining, natural - woolen, half-woolen batting or synthetic fibrous materials are used, produced in various ways.

From the prior art, various modifications of the combat clothing of a firefighter are known.

Firefighter combat clothing made of heat-resistant materials (application for invention RU 99125974 A, publ. 12/10/2001), including a jacket and semi-overalls, containing an outer layer made of a fabric of polyaramid yarns, an intermediate layer of needle-punched heat-insulating fabric, including polyacrylonitrile and wool fibers, the inner layer of cotton fabric and the outer layer does not contain a layer of fluoropolymer or siloxane composition deposited on it. Functions of hydroprotection are provided due to the fact that the clothing is provided with an additional second intermediate layer, following the outer one, consisting of rubberized fabric.

Firefighter combat clothing made of heat-resistant materials (application for invention RU 2002112743 A, publ. 11/10/2003), in which the multilayer protective package is characterized in that the waterproofing intermediate layer is made of coated glass fabric, and the heat-insulating intermediate layer is made of needle-punched fabric containing natural and synthetic fibres.

Firefighter combat clothing (options) (utility model patent RU 117814 U1, publ. 10.07.2012, Bull. No. 19), made in the form of at least one item of clothing selected from the group including at least a jacket, trousers, detachable hood. The details of the top of each item of clothing are made in the form of a layer package, including at least an outer layer of fabric with fire retardant properties, a waterproofing layer, a heat-insulating layer and a lining layer, characterized in that the outer layer of fabric with flame retardant properties and the waterproofing layer are combined and made in the form of a layer of fire-resistant arselon fabric made of polyoxodiazole fiber with a water-resistant finish.

Firefighter combat clothing (options) (utility model patent RU 145889 U1, published on September 27, 2014, Bull. No. 27), consisting of an outer suit, including a jacket and trousers. At the same time, the jacket and trousers are made of fire-resistant polyaramid material with water-repellent and fire-resistant impregnation with one-sided polymer coating, and heat-insulating linings for jackets and trousers are made of a multilayer material containing an outer heat-insulating layer of fire-resistant needle-punched fabric and woolen batting and an internal hygienic layer of cotton fabric .

Combat clothing for a firefighter-rescuer for comprehensive protection against fire hazards and ballistic and dynamic effects (patent for invention RU 2640991 C1, publ. which includes a top fabric made from para-aramid materials, a heat-insulating lining and flexible plates-elements of body armor, thereby excluding additional multi-layer protective packages and structural elements from the design.

Combat clothes of a firefighter according to patent RU 2233603 C2, publ. 10.08.2004, bul. No. 22, made of heat-resistant materials, the layer package of which contains an outer layer of heat-resistant materials, waterproofing and heat-insulating intermediate layers and an inner lining layer of cotton fabric. The outer heat-resistant layer is made of a fabric made from polyaramid yarns. The technical result is to reduce the cost of manufacturing clothing without reducing its quality.

The main disadvantage of all these technical solutions is that they do not have the ability to keep a person on the water, but, on the contrary, increase the mass of the BOP to negative buoyancy due to the use in them, with the exception of the waterproof layer, of hydrophilic materials that absorb moisture well.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a fire-resistant floating suit for marine operations based on HGM / ER according to the application for the invention CN 113017169 A, publ. 06/25/2021, taken as a prototype.

In the known suit, the main material is an HGM/ER composite foam composed of hollow glass beads and epoxy resin, and is composed of an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer: the aluminum foil composite flame retardant outer layer has the functions of fire resistance, heat insulation and heat resistance; the middle layer of the composite foam material has low density, low water absorption, excellent buoyancy, impact resistance, high compressive strength and low thermal inertia; The comfortable inner layer has the advantages of low water absorption, the possibility of additional shock absorption of the external impact on the human body and increase the user's comfort level. There is also an elastic rubber midsole for flexibility and is located at the elbow, shoulder, knee and hip joints.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that it uses a composite material to ensure buoyancy, which is prepared by mixing hollow glass beads and epoxy glue, with their further curing, which makes the suit design rigid, limits body mobility and reduces the ergonomic characteristics of the suit, making it difficult for a firefighter to work with performing various operational and tactical actions. The presence of a layer of elastic rubber provides mobility only in places of some joints, and not the entire body of a firefighter. In addition, the proposed rather complex design and the use of glass beads in combination with epoxy resin and aluminum foil lead to an increase in the weight of the suit, which also negatively affects the ergonomic properties of the product during operational and tactical actions related to fire extinguishing.

The purpose of the proposed utility model is the development of firefighter combat clothing for work on various ships, which combines the functions of a fireproof suit and a floating lifejacket, while allowing all the necessary operational and tactical actions during firefighting.

The technical effect implemented by the claimed utility model is that the firefighter's combat clothing for working on sea and river vessels allows you to protect firefighters not only from exposure to high temperatures, open flames, water, but can also serve as a life-saving equipment with positive buoyancy without limiting the ability to carry out all the necessary operational and tactical actions during fire fighting.

To do this, firefighter combat clothing for work on sea and river vessels, including a jacket and trousers, is made of a layer package containing an outer layer of heat-resistant materials, a heat-insulating lining, and the heat-insulating lining of the jacket is made of two layers of waterproof material interconnected by seams with the formation of separate sealed cavities in which layers of lightweight foam granules are located. At the same time, the thickness of the layers formed by the granules varies depending on their location, and the cavities with the largest layer thickness are located in the region of the shoulder girdle of the jacket. In addition, the jacket and trousers are made with the possibility of fixation relative to each other in a single whole.

The claimed utility model is illustrated by drawings, where

in fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the layer stack of the jacket from the composition of the combat clothing of a firefighter for work on sea and river vessels,

in fig. 2 - a package of layers of a jacket from the composition of the BOP for work on sea and river vessels in the context.

Firefighter combat clothing for work on sea and river vessels is made of a layer package containing an outer layer 1 and a heat-insulating lining 2. The outer layer 1 is a fire and heat-resistant top material coated on both sides with a non-combustible polymer film coating (for example, fluoropolymer or siloxane compositions with flame retardant additives), providing protection against the penetration of water and aqueous solutions of fire extinguishing agents when extinguishing a fire. This design of the upper material allows it to be used as a waterproof, waterproof layer. The heat-insulating lining 2 is made of a waterproof material with a polymer film coating, and in the jacket from the composition of the proposed BOP, the heat-insulating lining 2 consists of two layers of such material, interconnected by seams 3 in such a way that separate cavities are formed in which layers of lightweight foam granules are located. material 4.

The use of lightweight foam granules provides positive buoyancy to the firefighter if he is in the water. At the same time, it is necessary that a person not only stay on the water, but also be in a position close to vertical, therefore, the granules are located only in the BOP jacket, and in the upper part of the jacket, the thickness of the layers formed by the granules is greater than in the lower part.

The use of lightweight foam granules should be carried out at temperatures up to plus 80°C. With short-term exposure, the granules withstand higher temperatures - up to plus 110°C. However, the flame retardant treatment makes them flame retardant (up to plus

In the event of an emergency, if a firefighter is in open water, it is necessary that the positive buoyancy of a person be ensured for as long as possible, until the rescue action is carried out. Therefore, the jacket and trousers are made with the possibility of fixing relative to each other in a single whole, so that the jacket does not ride up and the likelihood of water getting under it is reduced. This can be done, for example, like this: the jacket is waist-length and connected to the trousers with a zipper, located horizontally around the entire perimeter of the bottom of the jacket.

Thus, the proposed fire fighting clothing can be used to extinguish fires on various ships, as it combines the functions of a fire-resistant suit and a floating craft, while allowing all the necessary operational and tactical actions during fire fighting.

Claims (2)

1. Firefighter combat clothing for work on sea and river vessels, including a jacket and trousers, made of a layer package containing an outer layer of heat-resistant materials and a heat-insulating lining, moreover, the heat-insulating lining of the jacket is made of two layers of waterproof material interconnected by seams with the formation of separate sealed cavities in which layers of lightweight foam granules are located, characterized in that the thickness of the layers formed by the granules is different, depending on their location, while the cavities with the largest layer thickness are located in the region of the shoulder girdle of the jacket. 2. Combat clothing according to claim. 1, characterized in that the jacket and trousers are made with the possibility of fixation relative to each other into a single whole.

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