RU2176196C2 - Gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering. SUBSTANCE: proposed gearbox has housing 1, coaxially mounted input shaft 2 and output shaft 3 and countershaft 4 installed in parallel to input and output shafts. Input shaft gear 5 is fixed on shaft. Three countershaft gears 7, 8, 9 fixed on countershaft are in meshing with gears 10, 11, 12 of output shaft. Reverse gear 13 secured on countershaft 4 is meshing with gear 16 of output shaft 3 through additional reverse gear or cluster of two reverse gears 14, 15. Two three-position shifter sleeves b, C are installed between output shaft gears. One member 17 of twin sleeve is arranged on gear 10 of output shaft 3. Other member 18 is located on gear 6 freely fitted on countershaft 4. Members are connected by fork 19. It is permitted to install one member on input shaft gear and other member, on countershaft gear. EFFECT: simplified design of gearbox, reduced metal usage. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to transport engineering, to the transmission of transport vehicles.

 Known transmission units with a step change in gear ratios containing gears, shafts, bearings, gear shifting devices used in domestic and foreign cars. (1. Osepchugov V.V., Frumkin A.K. Automobile: Structural analysis, calculation elements. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1989. - 304 p.).

 These units are structurally complex and metal-intensive.

 Closest to the proposed gearbox (KP) is a 6-speed three-shaft coaxial gearbox of the Magirus-290 car (2. Pugachenko AN The car Magirus-290. - M .: Transport, 1980. - 270 p. See: 1 - p. 62, fig. 38, 2 - p. 99-107, fig. 63-67).

 The gearbox consists of a housing with shafts located in it, with the input and output shafts aligned, and the intermediate shaft parallel to the coaxial shafts. One gear is made together with the input shaft, six gears are mounted on the output shaft freely, gears are fixed and engaged with the gears of the coaxial shafts on the intermediate shaft, and the drive gear of the reverse gear of the intermediate shaft is engaged with the driven gear of the output shaft through an additional reverse gear located on the axis . Four-way gearbox - four clutches and traction gear shifts.

 The gearbox is complicated and metal-consuming: for six forward gears and one reverse gear, 15 gears are used, and for gear shifting - 4 clutches with rods.

 The objective of the invention is to reduce the metal consumption and design complexity of the KP.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that the gear of the drive of the intermediate shaft is installed freely, it has a one-way coupling half, another one-way coupling is located on the gear of the output shaft located next to the gear of the input shaft, both coupling halves are interconnected by one switching fork. The coupling halves can be arranged vice versa: one on the input gear wheel, the other on the contrary, on the second gear of the intermediate shaft.

 In FIG. 1 shows the kinematic diagram of a three-shaft coaxial gearbox 6R2 (6 forward gears and 2 reverse gears), containing 8 gears for forward gears and 4 gears for reverse gears (a variant with three gears is possible), three shift clutches: one is double, two are three-position.

 In FIG. 2 shows a beam diagram of this gearbox with a table of positions of the shift clutches in various gears. On horizontal scales, the gear ratios of gear pairs and gears are shown in a logarithmic form. The extreme horizontals correspond to the output shaft, and the middle corresponds to the intermediate shaft. The greater the tilt of the beam to the right, the greater the gear ratio. The left tilt of the beam indicates the accelerating mode of the pair of gears. The tilt of the beam of each pair of gears is constant on any part of the radiation diagram.

 In the supports of the housing KP 1 are input 2, output 3 and intermediate 4 shafts. Input 2 and output 3 shafts are coaxial, and the intermediate shaft 4 is installed parallel to the coaxial shafts. The gear 5 is fixed on the input shaft 2 (made together with the shaft) and engaged with the gear 6 freely mounted on the intermediate shaft 4. The forward gears 7, 8 and 9 are fixed to the intermediate shaft, they are pairwise engaged with gears 10, 11 and 12, freely mounted on the output shaft 3. The reverse gear 13 is also fixed to the intermediate shaft, which is engaged with the reverse gear 16, freely mounted, by an additional reverse gear located on the axis, or by a block of additional reverse gears 14 and 15 on the output shaft 3. It is possible to replace the locations of the pair of gears 9-12 and a number of reverse gears. Double coupling A consists of two one-sided half-couplings: half-coupling 17 is located on gear 10 of output shaft 3, and half-coupling 18 is located on gear 6 of intermediate shaft 4. It is possible to opposite installation of half-couplings: half-coupling 17 on gear 5 of input shaft 2, half-coupling 18 is opposite, on gear 7 of the intermediate shaft 4. The coupling halves 17 and 18 are interconnected by one shift fork 19. The three-position clutch B (20) is mounted on the output shaft 3 between the gears 10 and 11, and the coupling C (21) is between the gears 12 and 16.

 The work of the CP is as follows.

First gear
Clutches A and C are in the right position, and clutch B is in the neutral position (see Fig. 2, table. To the right above t. 1). The coupling half 17 is turned off, and the coupling half 18 is turned on.

 The torque (see Fig. 1) from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 5-6, a coupling half 18 to the intermediate shaft 4, then a pair of gears 9-12 and a coupling C to the output shaft 3.

 On the beam diagram (see Fig. 2) this transmission is represented by two rays: beam 5-6 leaves t.6 on the left on the upper horizontal and is directed downward to the middle horizontal, then beam 9-12 to t.1 on the right on the upper horizontal .

Second gear
We switch the clutch A to the left position, the coupling halves change their state: the coupling half 17 is turned on, and the coupling half 18 is turned off.

 The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the coupling half 17 to a pair of gears 10-7, the intermediate shaft 4 and further - as in first gear.

 On the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by two rays: 10-7 and 9-12 from t.6 to t.2.

Third gear
Return clutch A to the first gear position. We turn clutch B from the neutral position to the right, and clutch C from the right to the neutral position - turn off the pair of gears 9-12 from work and turn on the pair of gears 8-11.

 The torque is transmitted from the input shaft 2 to the intermediate shaft 4 as in first gear, then a pair of gears 8-11 and through the coupling B to the output shaft 3.

 On the radiation diagram, this transmission is represented by rays 5-6 and 8-11 to t.3. Beam 8-11 is much shorter than beam 9-12, which indicates a lower gear ratio in the included pair of gears.

Fourth gear
Switch clutch A to the left position.

 To the intermediate shaft 4, the torque is transmitted as in second gear, from the intermediate shaft to the output shaft 3 - as in the previous gear.

 On the beam diagram this transmission corresponds to beams 10-7 and 8-11 from t.6 to t.4.

Fifth gear
Switch clutch A to the right, and clutch B to the left position.

 Up to the intermediate shaft 4, the torque is transmitted in both first and third gears, then through a pair of gears 7-10 and through a coupling B to the output shaft 3. A pair of gears 7-10 operates in an accelerating mode - from gear 7 to gear 10, previously this pair gears worked in a decelerating mode - from gear 10 to gear 7.

 In the beam diagram, beam 5-6 to the right down and beam 7-10 to the left, up to t. 5, characterize this transmission.

Sixth gear - direct
Switch clutch A to the left position.

 The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by the coupling half 17, gear 10 and clutch B to the output shaft 3 with high efficiency without torque transformation by pairs of gears.

 In the beam diagram, this transmission is represented by point 6.

 The reverse gears are engaged when the clutch C is moved to the left position, which connects the gear 16 to the output shaft 3. The positions of the clutches A and B correspond to the first two forward gears (see Fig. 2, table to the right).

First Reverse - 1R
Clutch A is in the right position, clutch B is in the neutral position, and clutch C is in the left position (see Fig. 2, the table on the right above t. 1R).

 The torque from the input shaft 2 is transmitted by a pair of gears 5-6, the coupling half 18 to the intermediate shaft 4, as in the first forward gear, then along the reverse gears 13-14, 15-16 and the coupling C to the output shaft 3, which rotates in direction opposite to the rotation of the input shaft.

 On the ray diagram this transmission is represented by two beams: beam 5-6 from t. 6 from the left on the upper horizontal to the right down to the middle horizontal, then the gentle beam 13-14-15-16 also to the right down to t. 1R on the lower horizontal.

Second Reverse - 2R
Switch clutch A to the left position.

 To the intermediate shaft 4, the torque is transmitted as in the second and fourth forward gears, then as in the previous gear.

 On the radiation diagram of this transfer correspond to rays 10-7 and 13-14-15-16.

 A positive effect is expressed in simplifying the design of the gearbox and reducing its metal consumption: instead of a 4-way gearbox, it became a 3-way gearbox (three forks and three sliders or shift rods), instead of 15 gears, as in the prototype, the proposed gearbox has 11 or 12 gears, depending from the design of the reverse gear assembly (3 or 4 gears).

Claims (1)

 A gearbox comprising a housing with input, output and intermediate shafts located in it, the input and output shafts being installed coaxially, and the intermediate shaft mounted parallel to these shafts, the gears mounted on the output shaft freely, the input shaft gear and four intermediate shaft gears mounted on the shafts of which three gears of the intermediate shaft are engaged with the gears of the output shaft, and the reverse gear of the intermediate shaft is engaged with the gears of the output shaft through an additional reverse gear or a block of two reverse gears located in the bearings of the housing, two three-position gearshift couplings are installed between the gears of the output shaft, characterized in that the double coupling, consisting of two one-sided half-couplings, is installed between the gears of the input and output shafts, one half-coupling is placed on gear of the output shaft, and the other coupling half is placed on the gear freely mounted on the intermediate shaft, the coupling halves are interconnected by one gear shift fork, the coupling halves can be located on versa: one coupling half on the input-shaft gear, and the other coupling half on the gear fixed on the intermediate shaft.

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