RU2175915C2 - Traction car (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automotive industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to adaptation of passenger car for towing agricultural implements or machines. Proposed traction car is made on base of passenger car and is provided with wheeled chassis with rear driving wheels on pneumatic tyres according to first three design versions. According to first design version, removable ballast weight is arranged in car body or on its frame to increase weight of body rear part. Rear wheel tyres are provided with lugs of trapezoidal shape in form of blades with angular pitch of τ = 10-20^°. on working surface. Angular pitch of blades according to second and third design versions is τ = 10-30^°. Front wheel tyres, according to second and third design versions, are provided with longitudinal riffles located at a distance from each other over width of tyre working surface. Car of second design version is furnished with detachable metal yokes secured to rear wheel and made in form of two pairs of half-disk interconnected by welded-to cross blades and bolted to flanges of wheel axle-shaft. According to third design version, each yoke is made in form of disk or two half-disks with cross blades. Disk or half-disks are fastened to flange of wheel axle- shaft through double-flange extension for arranging the wheels outside the body. According to fourth design version, rear wheels are metal, T-section, and provided with blades mounted over rim at angular pitch of 15-30^° to create sufficiently heavy force owing to complete penetration of blades into soil. EFFECT: increased adhesive forces and traction forces of car for working in the field. 5 cl, 19 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to tractor manufacturing and for the modernization of existing wheeled vehicles, in particular passenger cars, with a view to their use as effective mechanisms for agricultural work.

 The main purposes of the tractor are: firstly, to provide the necessary traction for towing along the field of another agricultural machine or implement; secondly, to ensure a relatively low speed (1-3 m / s) of a towed agricultural machine; thirdly, for convenient movement in it along the field of a person controlling the trajectory and mode of movement of both towed vehicles. As it is known, tractors like Belarus or Kirovets satisfy these assignments.

 Some of their drawbacks are that they are bulky, use low-grade, environmentally harmful fuel, contain an uncomfortable cabin for one person, etc.

 We set ourselves the task of finding a mechanism that is free of these shortcomings and at the same time fulfills all of the named purposes of the tractor.

 We believe that this problem can be solved by using a modern standard passenger car, for example, the Volga, Moskvich, with some of its design changes. We point out right away that for a passenger car there is no problem of providing it with low speed regulation from V = 1-3 m / s. At the same time, a high-grade, environmentally acceptable fuel is used in a passenger car; one or two people are provided with a convenient and comfortable location in its cabin. However, the car is well adapted only for driving on an asphalt road with relatively little traction for towing. Thus, the question arises of how to provide a passenger car with the creation of the necessary traction when driving on field off-road. As is known (see Letoshnev MN Selkhozmashiny, 1949), the main field operations are: plowing, cultivation, sowing, harvesting and processing of crops. The greatest traction force requires plowing (plow), especially for virgin and fallow, relatively hard soils. The remaining field operations are carried out on a plowed field and require relatively small traction. Therefore, a tractor car can replace a tractor at 70-80% of field-crop operations and thereby reduce their required number.

 A wheeled vehicle for towing agricultural implements or machines is known, comprising a mass-production vehicle including a wheeled chassis with rear drive wheels equipped with pneumatic tires, on which removable pads are mounted to increase its traction force when driving on field soil at low speeds (see book S.A. Iofinov, A.A. Tsyrin, Automobile Exploitation in Agriculture - State Publishing House of Agricultural Literature, M.-L., 1960, p. 106, 107, Fig. 75).

 The disadvantages of this wheeled vehicle used for work in agriculture are its poor reliability and insufficient capabilities for patency and the implementation of traction in conditions of movement on field soil.

 The present invention is directed to solving the technical problem of equipping a car with means of transportation on the ground and providing increased grip and traction. The technical result achieved in this case is to improve the performance of a car by giving it the functions of a tractor.

The specified technical result for the four options is achieved by the fact that
1. In a tractor car for towing agricultural implements or machines, created on the basis of a passenger car and containing a wheeled chassis with rear drive wheels equipped with pneumatic tires, and to increase its strength when driving on field soil at low speeds of 1-3 m / s removable ballast is placed in the car body or on its frame for weighting the rear part of the body, pneumatic tires of the rear driving wheels are made on their working surface with trapezoidal lugs in the form of blades, p memory location with an angular pitch τ = 10-20 ^°, and the pneumatic tire of the front wheel width of the work surface have longitudinal corrugations spaced from one another.

2. A tractor car for towing agricultural implements or machines, created on the basis of a passenger car and containing a wheeled chassis with rear drive wheels equipped with pneumatic tires, and to increase its traction force when driving on field soil, is equipped with removable metal clamps attached to the rear drive the wheel and made in the form of two pairs of metal half disks, fastened together by welded transverse blades and attached to the flanges of the axle shaft of the driving wheels with the help of com, while the blades are located with an angular pitch of τ = 10-30 ^° , and the pneumatic tires of the front wheels have longitudinal corrugations spaced from each other along the width of the working surface.

3. A tractor vehicle for towing agricultural implements or machines, created on the basis of a passenger car and containing a wheeled chassis with rear drive wheels equipped with pneumatic tires, and to increase its traction force when driving on field soil, is equipped with metal removable clamps, each of which is made in the form of a disk or two half-disks with transverse blades attached to the flange of the axle shaft of the driving wheels through a two-flange extension for locating the wheels beyond the dimensions of the body, while and are arranged at angular pitch τ = 10-30 ^°.
4. In a tractor car for towing agricultural implements or machines, created on the basis of a passenger car and containing a wheeled chassis with rear drive wheels, and to increase its traction force when driving on field soil, the rear drive wheels are made of T-shaped metal with blades located along a rim with an angular pitch of τ = 15-30 ^° to create a sufficiently large force when rolling the wheels due to the complete immersion of the blades in the ground.

 These features are essential with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

 The present invention is illustrated by the following examples presented in the drawings, which, however, are not the only possible, but clearly demonstrate the ability to achieve the given set of features of the desired technical result.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram for determining the traction force F _{2 of the} wheel at the beginning of slipping;
FIG. 2 is a diagram for determining a traction force F _{3 of a} wheel by towing it;
FIG. 3 - profile of high teeth of the working surface of the tire of the rear wheel;
FIG. 4 is a profile of a tire of a rear wheel;
FIG. 5 is a front tire shape of a tire;
in FIG. 6 is a side view of the structure of a metal clamp with blades;
Fig. 7 - fastening of a metal clamp with blades on the rear wheel of a car, section AA in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a profile of a blade with sides for its fastening on a disk of a metal wheel, an example of execution with a designation of dimensions;
FIG. 9 is a profile of the blade of FIG. 8 with dimensions, side view;
FIG. 10 is a front view of a design of a half-disk metal clamp with blades;
FIG. 11 is a structural diagram of a half-disk metal clamp with blades of FIG. 10 is a side view;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of the attachment of a half-disk clamp to a half shaft with its extension;
FIG. 13 is a structural diagram when a side view of a metal rear wheel with a rim and blades;
FIG. 14 is a section BB in FIG. thirteen;
FIG. 15 - the shape of the blades with sides for mounting them on the disk of a metal wheel, an example of execution:
FIG. 16 - the blade of FIG. 15 is a side view;
FIG. 17 shows a ground meshing pattern of one blade;
FIG. 18 shows a ground engagement pattern of two blades;
FIG. 19 shows a ground meshing pattern of three blades.

 Consider some issues of car traction.

The engine of the car, causing the rear wheels in rotation, creates a certain speed V ₁ of its body, consuming a track towing force F ₁ N ₁ energy. Based on the law of conservation of energy, we have the equality
N ₁ = F ₁ • V ₁ (1)
For example, a passenger car of the Volga type, having an engine of N ₁ = 100 l / s, moving with a ground speed of V ₁ = 3 m / s, can create traction when towing according to (1)
F ₁ = 100 • 75/3 = 2500 kg.

 Consequently, the car has enough power to create significant traction.

 It remains to ensure the creation of the necessary traction due to the interaction of the rear wheels and field soil.

Let the car, connected by a tow rope with some agricultural implements, begin to move, pulling the rope. Then, the traction force of the car increases until (until F ₂ ), until the agricultural implement begins to move or until the so-called “skidding” begins, when the rear wheels no longer roll, but only rotate in place with some sliding friction T (Fig. . 1). In approximate calculations, we assume, using Amonton's law (see page 56 of the physics handbook B. M. Yavorsky and A. A. Detlaf. Ed. "Science" M., 1965 /, that the horizontal friction force of the wheel slip
T = f • G, (2)
where G is the force of normal pressure on the axis of the wheel,
f is the dimensionless coefficient of sliding friction.

For two rear wheels, we get when "slipping"
F ₂ = 2T (3)
From (2), (3) it is seen that an increase in the force F _{2 is} possible with an increase in the force G, for example? due to removable ballast (1.5-2 times). Note that the force F ₂ can also be approximately obtained by locking the rear wheels from rotation, and then towing slightly, measuring the tension force F ₃ on the tow rope (Fig. 2), then we obtain
F ₃ ≈ F ₂ (4)
It is natural to assume that the force F ₃ will be the greater, the deeper the unevenness of the working (supporting) surface of the wheel will be lowered into the ground.

 We consider it appropriate to set some teeth (lugs) for tires 1 of the rear wheels on their working surface: relatively high 2 trapezoidal profiles with a large angular pitch τ (Fig. 3) and small 3 between them (Fig. 4).

Typical dimensional characteristics of the teeth: width a, thickness b, c, height h and angular pitch τ, we consider it appropriate to experimentally optimize the strength of F ₂ or F ₃ for typical soil fields.

As an example, for soils of medium hardness, we assume that the tires have the following dimensions:
b = 0.2-0.5 cm, h = 3-5 cm, τ = 10-20 ^° ; C≈ (0.2-0.4) • h
The front wheels of the tractor vehicle must provide rotation of its body while driving on field soil. To solve this issue, we believe that the tires of the front wheels should have some fairly deep and wide corrugations 4, for example? rectangular cross-section (1-2 cm) along the working surface of the tires parallel to the side surface of the wheels (Fig. 5), spaced from each other at a certain distance.

 In this case, when turning the front wheels, the necessary lateral friction forces of the wheel over field soil should arise (See the first option).

You can also get a tractor car for towing agricultural implements or machines, created on the basis of a production car, which includes a wheeled chassis with drive wheels equipped with pneumatic tires. To increase its traction force while driving on field soil, it is equipped with metal removable clamps attached to each rear wheel and made in the form of a disk with thin and high transverse blades located with an angular pitch of τ = 10-30 ^° .
In this case, the clamp disc is bolted to the disc and the hub of the rear wheel of a car. With this arrangement of the clamp, during the rolling of the wheel, the blades will sink into the ground, and the tires will rest on the ground, which will create additional traction force (See the second option).

 At the same time, in a car with adjustable shock absorbers, shock absorbers in the rear of the body are previously disconnected or adjusted to increase the clearance between the body and the tire. In a car with non-adjustable shock absorbers, the latter are pre-locked in their upper position or the axle shaft of each rear driving wheel is elongated (Fig. 12) using a special two-flange extension 9 to move the rear drive wheels away from the body (i.e., outside the body).

 After the field work is completed, the clamp can be easily removed and the tractor vehicle turns into a passenger car. As a variant of the collar, a collar is proposed, consisting of two pairs of metal half-disks 10 and 11, fastened together by welded transverse blades 6 and attached to the flanges of the half shaft with bolts. Each pair of half-disks, when mounted on the semiaxis flange, forms a disk. Two disks made of half-disks are fastened together by transverse blades welded to them, as shown in FIG. 10 and 11. For the possibility of using blades of a greater height than the gap between the tire and the body, we consider it advisable to lengthen the axle shaft (by 20-25 cm) using a two-flange extension 9 (See the third option).

 To create a relatively large traction force of a tractor vehicle, a variant of its rear wheels in the form of special metal wheels with blades 6 is proposed.

 The metal welded wheel (Fig. 13, 14) consists of a disk 7, a rim 8 and blades 6 transversely arranged on the rim.

 Disc 7 is relatively thin Δ = 2-2.5 mm, with a 1-2 mm thickening in the central part and holes for mounting bolts and windows (to facilitate it) on the periphery.

 The rim is in the form of a narrow ring 5-10 cm wide, Δ = 1.5-2 mm thick, with small corrugations on the outer surface.

 The shape of the blades must satisfy two conditions. Firstly, so that their vertical movement at the entrance to the ground does not require efforts greater than the weight of the rear of the body, otherwise it will rise and useless for traction power consumption. Secondly, so that the horizontal movement of the blades in the soil causes the greatest possible resistance force from the soil. In this regard, the blades should have a relatively thin upper edge and possibly a large working height and width.

Blades 6 of a triangular profile: at the top b = 1-2 mm, at the bottom 2-3 mm and a length L = 15-20 cm, they are located on the rim of the disk with an angular pitch τ = 10-30 ^° . The blades have a rectangular cutout (Fig. 15, 16), with which they cover the rim when they are transverse and mounted on the rim.

 The wheel is fastened to the rear axle flange of a passenger car in the same way as its rear wheel was mounted.

At the same time, metal wheels mounted on the axis of the rear driving wheels are made of box or T-section (Fig. 14) with thin and high blades located along the rim with an angular pitch of τ = 15-30 ^° to create a sufficiently large traction force when rolling the wheels due to full immersion of the blades in the ground.

 To ensure continuous traction, it is necessary that several (n) vanes of a metal wheel located with an angular pitch τ, when the wheel rotates, continuously deepen into the ground to a part of its height h.

 As can be seen from FIG. 17, one blade 6 of height h will be continuously, partially immersed in the soil, if the neighboring, located at the rear, out of the soil.

 Similarly, from FIG. 18, 19 it can be seen that a group of n = 2-3 blades is continuously immersed in the soil, if the neighboring, located behind, group has already left the soil.

From the geometric constructions in FIG. 17-19 it follows that
h = Rr,
r = Rcos [nτ / 2],
h / R = 1-cos [nτ / 2]
(n = 1, 2, 3 ...)
For example, at R = 30 cm, nτ / 2 = 30 ^° , h / R = 0.134, we get that at a depth of h = 4 cm they will be immersed in the ground:
1 blade with an angular step τ = 60 ^° ;
2 blades with an angular step τ = 30 ^° ;
3 blades with an angular step of τ = 20 ^° .
The overall dimensions of the wheels can correspond to the wheels of a car, and the middle part of the wheels should have all the mounting holes for power connection of the disk with the rear axle (See the fourth option).

Claims (3)

1. Tractor car for towing agricultural implements or machines, created on the basis of a passenger car and containing a wheeled chassis with rear drive wheels equipped with pneumatic tires, characterized in that to increase its traction in driving on field soil at low speeds 1-3 m / s in the car body or on its frame there is a removable ballast for weighting the rear of the body, pneumatic tires of the rear driving wheels are made on their working surface with trapezoidal lugs Phil of vanes arranged with an angular pitch τ = 10-20 ^°, and the pneumatic tire of the front wheel width of the work surface have longitudinal corrugations spaced from one another. 2. A tractor car for towing agricultural implements or machines, created on the basis of a passenger car and containing a wheeled chassis with rear driving wheels equipped with pneumatic tires, characterized in that to increase its traction in driving on field soil it is equipped with metal removable clamps, attached to the rear drive wheel and made in the form of two pairs of metal half-disks, fastened together by welded transverse blades and attached to the flanges of the drive axle shaft their wheels with bolts, while the blades are located with an angular pitch of τ = 10-30 ^° , and the pneumatic tires of the front wheels have longitudinal corrugations spaced from each other along the width of the working surface. 3. A tractor vehicle for towing agricultural implements or machines, created on the basis of a passenger car and containing a wheeled chassis with rear drive wheels equipped with pneumatic tires, characterized in that to increase its traction in driving on field soil it is equipped with metal removable clamps, each of which is made in the form of a disk or two half-disks with transverse blades attached to the flange of the axle shaft of the driving wheels through a two-flange extension for locating the wheels beyond the dimensions body, while the blades are located with an angular pitch of τ = 10-30 ^° .
4. Tractor vehicle for towing agricultural implements or machines, created on the basis of a passenger car and containing a wheeled chassis with rear drive wheels, characterized in that to increase its traction force when driving on field soil, the rear drive wheels are made of T-section with metal blades, located along the rim with an angular pitch τ = 15-30 ^° to create a sufficiently large force when the wheels are rolling due to the complete immersion of the blades in the ground.

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